报刊选读(九)专栏文章(2015)-1

1、 EditorialsReviews or commentariesColumnsRound Up the Guns! Or DontA man and a woman suspected of taking part in a shooting attack that killed 14 people and wounded 17 at a California social services agency on Wednesday died in a shootout with police hours later.President Obama Addresses San Bernard

2、ino Shooting and Terrorism from Oval Office Environmental Protection最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读 The story of polar bears.最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读 最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读The story of polar bears. 最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读The story of polar bears. 最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读The story of polar bears.最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读What caused the sad story?最新英语报刊

3、选读最新英语报刊选读Benefits of global warming最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读of global warming Less need for energy consumption to warm cold places. Fewer deaths or injuries due to cold weather. Longer growing seasons could mean increased agricultural production in some local areas. Easier to tap the natural resources of th

4、e north pole (Arctic). 最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Background InformationBackground InformationArctic Resources and Environmental ProtectionArctic Resources and Environmental Protection 北极地区蕴藏着丰富的石油、天然气、矿物和渔业资源。北极可能北极地区蕴藏着丰富的石油、天然气、矿物和渔业资源。北极可能蕴藏着多达蕴藏着多达900亿桶未开采的石油储量以及亿桶未开采的石油储量以及1，670万亿立方英尺的未开万亿立方英尺的未开采天然气。据估计

5、它们占全球未开采油气总量的采天然气。据估计它们占全球未开采油气总量的20到到30；该地区煤；该地区煤炭储量约占世界全部储量的炭储量约占世界全部储量的9%；另外，北极地区还有大量的金刚石、；另外，北极地区还有大量的金刚石、金、铀等矿藏和水产资源，北极地区的边缘海巴伦支海是世界海产品的金、铀等矿藏和水产资源，北极地区的边缘海巴伦支海是世界海产品的主要供应地之一。主要供应地之一。 Countries in Tug-of-War over Arctic Resources 最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Tug-of-War Read the passage quickly and Do the re

6、ading exercise. 1. D2. C3. B4. D5. A最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Detailed ReadingDetailed Reading最新英美报刊选读最新英美报刊选读_Unit 8 Environmental ProtectionPart I (Para.1-2) IntroductionWhere are the natural resources?Understanding the PassageUnderstanding the Passage最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Word Study1. estimate v.

7、 (Para. 2) 1) to calculate (something that can be measured)估计估计 It is roughly estimated that the work can be finished in two weeks. 2) to calculate the cost of doing a job 估价估价 We asked them to estimate for the repair of the roof. estimate 和和 evaluate： estimate指无法算清或者数清时作出估计； evaluate也可指估计或者评价，但是很少指

8、金钱价值。 Small numbers of ants can be counted precisely; huge numbers can only be estimated. A students work is evaluated by marks.辨析最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Word Study2. recoverable adj. (Para. 2 ) 1) able to tap, worthy of tapping 可开采的，值得开采的 There are 10 billion barrels of recoverable oil in this area. 2) abl

9、e to get back (sth. lost) 能追回的The police believe that the stolen jewellery is recoverable.His debt is recoverable.3) able to return to the usual state of health 能康复的The patient is now believed to be recoverable. cover recover uncover discoverrecoverable recoverability构词法最新英美报刊选读最新英美报刊选读_Unit 8 Envir

10、onmental ProtectionPart II (Para.3-26) BodyPara.3-4Para.3: Which countries are involved in the fight over the arctic resources? Para.4: Why scientists are concerned about the fight? Understanding the PassageUnderstanding the Passage最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读1. And the fight over who owns those resources may t

11、urn out to be the most important territorial dispute of this century. (Para. 3)Translation对于谁拥有那些自然资源的争斗也许会成为这个世纪最对于谁拥有那些自然资源的争斗也许会成为这个世纪最重要的领土纠纷。重要的领土纠纷。 Comments“Who-clause” is a noun clause introduced by “who” as a prepositional object. Subordinate conjunctions, conjunctive pronouns and conjuncti

12、ve adverbs can also introduce a noun clause. Examples1.Everything depends on whether they are loyal to the ideal.2.The question about where we shall do the test is uncertain.Understanding Sentences最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读2. But both the explorations, and the likely drilling at the top of the Earth, have sci

13、entists deeply concerned. (Pare 4)Comments“have” means “cause, make”. “concerned” is past participle used as the object complement.适合这类句型的动词还有make, get, help, order, see, hear, watch, feel, wish等。Examples 1. He managed to get his room thoroughly cleaned. Understanding SentencesTranslation但是这两次探索，以及在

14、地球的顶端有可能出现的油气但是这两次探索，以及在地球的顶端有可能出现的油气开采，使得科学家们深感担心。开采，使得科学家们深感担心。 最新英美报刊选读最新英美报刊选读_Unit 8 Environmental ProtectionPara.5-6: What is the International Polar Year? Understanding the PassageUnderstanding the Passage最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读3. dispute n. (Para. 5) an argument or quarrel 争议，争端，纠纷争议，争端，纠纷 The boys

15、 dispute ended in a fight. beyond (past, without, out of) dispute 无争论余地，无疑无争论余地，无疑 This is, beyond dispute, the best cell phone.in / under dispute 未决的，在争论中未决的，在争论中The matter in dispute is the ownership of a house.Word StudyExpressions最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读dispute (v.), debate, argue dispute是就分歧进行激烈的争论，甚至争

16、吵.They are disputing about the rights and wrongs of the case.debate着重就双方观点陈述理由，提出对立论点，进行正式的有条理的辩论.They are debating whether to increase the price of tickets.argue着重说服，企图说服.The children are arguing over which program they should watch.Word Study辨析最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Para.7-10: What have the scientists fo

17、und after monitoring sea ice condition for 50 years?Understanding the PassageUnderstanding the Passage最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读4. shrink v. (shrank; shrunk, shrunken) (Para.7)1) to become smaller收缩，缩小，缩水收缩，缩小，缩水 The shirts shrank when washed. The population of this village has shrunk in recent years. 2) to m

18、ove back and away退缩，畏缩退缩，畏缩 He shrank at the thought of the hard work. The small children shrink from making new friends. Word Study shrunk, shrunken： shrunken 通常只用作形容词。通常只用作形容词。 shrunken socks 缩小了的袜子缩小了的袜子 The material was shrunk before it was made into clothes.在做衣服前衣料被缩水。在做衣服前衣料被缩水。shrinkage n. 辨析

19、最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读5. monitor v. (Para. 7) 1) to listen to (a radio broadcast) and take careful note 监听（广播等）监听（广播等） They are monitoring the radio broadcast from that country. 2) to check or control 监视，检查，监督Word Studyto monitor the engineto monitor the examinationto monitor his illness检查发动机检查发动机监考监考监控他的

20、病情监控他的病情最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读monitor n. 班长，监考员，告诫者，监听员，监控器班长，监考员，告诫者，监听员，监控器 Word Studya monitor to Class A水质监测器水质监测器water monitor an air monitor pilot monitor空气放射性监验器空气放射性监验器甲班班长甲班班长飞机自动驾驶仪飞机自动驾驶仪最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Word Study6. retreat n. (Para. 9)1) (esp. of the army) moving back 撤退 to beat a retreat 撤退；放

21、弃 to make a retreat 撤退 to sound a retreat 吹退兵号 to cut off their retreat 截断其退路2) a place one can go for peace and safety 隐蔽的场所，修养所 a quiet country retreat 乡间幽静处 a summer retreat 避暑地 最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Word Studyretreat v. 1) (esp. of the army) to move back 撤退 The defeated army had to retreat hastily.2)

22、to go away; escape (from something unpleasant) (被迫)退却 You cannot retreat from your responsibility in this issue. retreat, withdraw： 前者尤其指军队作战失利的被迫撤退；而前者尤其指军队作战失利的被迫撤退；而withdraw大多不是被迫的。大多不是被迫的。 The enemy retreated under heavy attack. They withdrew from the meeting.辨析最新英美报刊选读最新英美报刊选读_Unit 8 Environmen

23、tal ProtectionPara.11: Why the shipping companies and oil companies are happy about the melting trend? Understanding the PassageUnderstanding the Passage最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读salivate at: long for 渴望，垂涎 (paragraph 11)Hes been salivating at the position in the Civil Service.Examples 他对政府行政机构里的那个职位已经垂涎已久。 s

24、aliva n. 唾液salivate v. （大量地）分泌唾液；垂涎最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Para.12-13: Why the geologists are the real power players? Understanding the PassageUnderstanding the Passage最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读7. feud v. to quarrel (for a long time) (Para 12)to feud with sb. over sth.在预算问题上国会和总统之间常常发生争吵。在预算问题上国会和总统之间常常发生争吵。 Word Stu

25、dyfeud n. 世仇；长期不和；争吵世仇；长期不和；争吵The Congress often feuds with the President over budget matters.The two countries have long feuded over that island.They were always at feud with each other.最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读8. prohibit v. (Para. 13)1) to forbid by law or rule （法律、规则）禁止 They were prohibited from going ab

26、road. Students are prohibited from smoking inside school. 2) to prevent 阻止，妨碍，使不可能 His small size prohibits his becoming a policeman. Word Study prohibition n. They lay prohibition on the import of meat. The prohibition against smoking here is sensible. 最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读prohibit, forbid 1) 结构、搭配不同结构、

27、搭配不同 prohibit 的用法是的用法是 prohibit sb.s doing sth. 或者或者prohibit sb. from doing sth. 而而forbid的句式是的句式是forbid sb. sth.，forbid doing sth.， forbid to do sth.，forbid sb. to do sth. 2) 使用场合不同使用场合不同 prohibit是正式用语，指用官方的法令、规定等禁止某事；是正式用语，指用官方的法令、规定等禁止某事； forbid是日常用语，可以涉及到个人禁止他人做某事。是日常用语，可以涉及到个人禁止他人做某事。Word Study

28、辨析最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读请用请用prohibit, forbid的恰当形式填空的恰当形式填空 Word Study Their parents _ them to go camping. They voted in favor of the _ against fishing in the river. He _ his children tobacco.Exercise The country has a law _ employees from hibiting forbidsprohibitionforbid最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读9. ent

29、itle v. (Para. 14) 1) to give (a book, a play, etc.) a title 给给定名，把定名，把叫做叫做 His new novel is entitled Beautiful Life.Word Study2) to give (sb.) the right (to do sth.) 使使有资格（做某事）有资格（做某事） The ticket entitles you to a free lunch. You are entitled to use the lab. 最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Para.16-

30、17: Why did Russian plant an underwater flag below the North Pole? Understanding the PassageUnderstanding the Passage最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读4. Russian scientists are keen on proving that the seabed below the North Pole is part of the Eurasian continental shelf, an area called the Lomonosov Ridge. (Para. 16

31、)Translation俄罗斯的科学家们急切地想证明北极下面的海床是俄罗斯的科学家们急切地想证明北极下面的海床是欧亚大陆架的一部分，这片领域也被称为欧亚大陆架的一部分，这片领域也被称为罗蒙诺索罗蒙诺索夫海岭夫海岭 。 “that-clause” is an object clause introduced by “that” as the object of the verb “proving”, which is gerund as prepositional object. CommentsUnderstanding Sentences最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读 这个句子中另一个很值

32、得注意的语法现象。这个句子中另一个很值得注意的语法现象。 2)2) “an area”作作“非限定性同位语非限定性同位语”。 名词名词“an area”在句子用逗号隔开，作非限定性同位语；在句子用逗号隔开，作非限定性同位语；在下面第一个例中没有使用逗号，就是限定性同位语。在下面第一个例中没有使用逗号，就是限定性同位语。Examples1. Your friend George Smith has just telephoned. (George Smith 作作Your friend的限定性同位语的限定性同位语)2. George Smith, your old school friend,

33、has just telephoned. (your old school friend作作George Smith的非限定性同位语的非限定性同位语)Understanding SentencesComments最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Para.18: What do the geologists of other countries do? Understanding the PassageUnderstanding the Passage最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读10. exception n. (Para. 21)1) (the case of) leaving out o

34、r being left out 例外 Every rule has its exceptions. An exception was made in favor of the old man. Word StudyExpressionswithout exception 毫无例外，一律毫无例外，一律All men between 18 and 35 must serve in the army without exception.with the exception of 除除之外之外They all passed the exam with the exception of Tom.最新英

35、语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读exception n. 2) disagreement with something happening in a court of law （法律）异议，反对 They took exception of / against / at what he said. “Exception!” shouted the lawyer. Word Study辨析exceptional, exceptiveexceptional 是指“特别聪明的，不寻常的”，例如：an exceptional scientist 一位才华出众的科学家exceptive 有“例外的”之意，例如

36、：an exceptive clause 除外条款最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读11. access n. (Para. 22)1) means of entering, way in 进入，通路 to get /gain / obtain access to a building 能进入某一大楼2) right of using or entering （接近、进入、了解、使用）机会，权利，方法 All students have free access to this library. He is easy (difficult) of access. 他是容易（很难）接近的。 His

37、place is within easy access to the downtown. 他的住所到市区很方便。Word Study最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读5. But the Bush administrations sale of oil drilling rights in prime polar bear habitat has upset environmentalists, who fear drillings impact on the threatened species. (Para. 22)Translation但是布什政府出售位于极地熊主要栖息地的石油开但是布什政

38、府出售位于极地熊主要栖息地的石油开采权使环保主义者们很不安，他们担心石油开采会采权使环保主义者们很不安，他们担心石油开采会对已经受到生存威胁的这个物种产生影响。对已经受到生存威胁的这个物种产生影响。 Comments In this sentence, “who” introduces a non-restrictive attributive clause, modifying “environmentalists”. Understanding Sentences最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读注意句子中的过去分词注意句子中的过去分词threatened作定语的用法。过去分作定语的用法。过

39、去分词（词（the past participle）在本句中作定语表示）在本句中作定语表示“被动被动” 。过去分词做定语主要有如下几种情况：过去分词做定语主要有如下几种情况：1. 被动意义分词用作定语形容词。例如：被动意义分词用作定语形容词。例如：a murdered film star, a broken windowUnderstanding Sentences2. 借助于借助于well, badly, half等构成复合形容词。等构成复合形容词。例如：例如： a half-finished job, a well-built house3. 过去分词具有主动意义，可用作形容词，常有过去分

40、词具有主动意义，可用作形容词，常有escaped, faded, fallen, grown等。等。例如：例如：fallen leaves (=leaves that have fallen)an escaped prisoner (=a prisoner who has escaped)最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读Para.23-26: Russia VS the US, who get the upper hand? Understanding the PassageUnderstanding the Passage最新英语报刊选读最新英语报刊选读12. icebreaker n. (Para. 24)构词法Word Study该构词法是由动词break 加其宾语ice构成，由此构成了ice-br