非谓语动词用法小结

1、非谓语动词的用法：1、非谓语动词作主语，注意以下两个重要问题：（只有动词不定式和动名词）1） 是并行结构问题 ，即主表一致性如：Seeing is believing. / To see is to believe.第二 需要注意的一些结构：A) Its no use (no good) doing sth. 如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B) 在 Its + adj. 结构中基本用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, com

2、fortable, necessary) + for sb. to doIts kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do2、非谓语动词作表语 （动词不定式，动名词，现在分词和过去分词）注意几个个问题: 1）是并行结构问题 To see is to believe2）是时间问题：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的（aim, pu

3、rpose）、愿望(wish, hope)、梦想(dream)、需求(need)”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。3）动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。My job is teaching.My dream of life is to become a scientist.4）另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。现在分词说明主语所具有的性质或特征： The speech was inspiring.过去分词多表示主语的感受感觉、所处的状态或表被动： The students were greatly inspired.3、非谓语动词作定语：（动词不定式，动名词，现在分词和过

4、去分词）1) 现在分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主动关系；a sleeping child； 2)过去分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的被动关系；a broken cup 3) 动名词作定语时只表示用途、功能等意义；a sleeping bag,4) 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构： 在 ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；由序数词,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语；如：I dont think he is the

5、best man to do the job.He is always the first / the last one to leave the office. 4、非谓语动词作宾语 ( 动词不定式和动名词) 1）动宾 A. 有些动词只接不定式作宾语：decide, determine, learn, want, intend, desire, hope,expect,long,wish,refuse,manage,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,tend,help等；我们把之归纳为：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法并假装，主动答应选计

6、划，同意请求趋向帮。B. 有些动词后面只接动名词作宾语：consider, suggest, advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay, put off, fancy(想象，设想); avoid, miss, keep, keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;cant help, mind, allow, permit, escape. 可以用以下口诀进行记忆：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟再设想，避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏，禁止想象才冒

7、险，不禁介意准逃亡。C. 动词 want, need, require, deserve 等后加动名词时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。如：want doing = want to be doneD. 有些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语意义有不同：stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do （动作尚未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（动作已经发生）try to do （设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing （试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（

8、打算做，有意做） mean doing （意味着）go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事）cant help (to) do（不能帮忙）cant help doing / cant help but do （忍不住做）2) 介宾 介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但是介词but/ except作除了时可接不定式。We have nothing to do but wait.We have no choice but to wait. 3）注意： A疑问词加 to do可作主宾表语。 e.g. We must decide whether to stay or

9、 go.B 在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。consider / feel / think / find / make it + n./adj. + to do sth. 例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.5、非谓语动词作宾补(动词不定式，现在分词和过去分词) 1） 感官动词的宾语补足语 I heard her sing an English song just now. (sing 是不带to 的不定式，做宾补，表主动、完成)I heard her singing an English song

10、when I passed her room yesterday.（singing 是现在分词一般主动式作宾补，表主动，正在进行）I heard an English song sung by a little girl the other day. （sung 是过去分词作宾补，表被动、完成）2）使役动词的宾语补足语 make/let/have + 宾语 + do (使/ 让/ 叫 某人去做某事); Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. make/ have/let + 宾语 + doing 使/让 持续地做某事have/let /m

11、ake+ 宾语 + done 使/让/ 叫某事由别人去做； have sth done 还表示“使遭受”；Ill have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.我明天得（请人）修一下我的自行车。Tom had his legs broken while playing football. 汤姆踢足球时伤了腿。提别提醒：被动语态中，不定式做主语补足语时to 一定要加上。Though he had often made his little sister cry, that day he was made to cry by his little sister.3) lea

12、ve/keep + 宾语+ doing 使 保持某种状态 leave + 宾语 + undone 留下某事未做； leave + 宾语 + to do / to be done 留下 要去做/要被做The guest left most of the dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious. （被动、完成）Its wrong of you to leave the machine running. （主动、进行）He went to the cinema, leaving me to do all the rest of the

13、 work.（主动、将来）We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled. （被动、将来）4) “主语 + be + said/believed/known/reported/considered等 + 不定式”，这个结构中的不定式做主语补足语。He is said to have gone abroad.= It is said that he has gone abroad. He is considered to be the most diligent student in our class. 5

14、) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. A. not to B. not to do C. not to it D. do not to为了避免重复，常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的动作。如： Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. Im sorry if I hurt you, but I didnt mean to.但be、have (助动词)不可省 如：China is no longer what it

15、used to be. He hasnt finished the job, but he ought to have.6、非谓语动词作状语（动词不定式，现在分词和过去分词） 1）不定式可作目的状语、结果状语等, 还可以用在某些作表语的形容词后面作原因状语。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. I am very glad to see you. 2）分词在句中可以作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等。如： Having been shown around the school , the experts

16、 gave our headmaster some advice. United, we stand; divided, we fell. 注意：非谓语动词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致，构成主动或被动关系。Hearing the news, tears came to her eyes.（错误）Hearing the news, she burst into tears.（主动）3）有时，“with或without + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况或原因。 With all the work finished, he happily went home. 4）当分词的逻

17、辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。这种结构在句中多作伴随状语。亦可用来表示时间、原因、条件等。例如：The young man rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. The monitor being ill, wed better put the meeting off.Weather permitting, we will go out. = If weather permits, we will go out. It being Sunday today, the library doesnt

18、open.=Because it is Sunday today, the library doesnt open.5）某些固定结构中，分词的逻辑主语不受句子主语的限制，可独立使用，称为独立分词结构。 adv. (generally/frankly/personally/honestly/strictly ) + speaking, judging from / by 从 判断 considering / takinginto consideration supposing /providing / provided that 假如 given sth./ that 假如，考虑到 e.g：Ju

19、dging by his dress, he comes from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I dont like him at all. 6）某些动词不定式常用作独立副词成分To make things/matters even worse To be honest/ exact / strict / frank To begin with To tell you the truth Believe it or not e.g：To be frank (= Frankly speaking), I dont like your attitude

20、.Believe it or not, he left me standing in the rain for nearly half an hour.7）分词作状语相当于带有关联词的状语从句，所以，要注意不能再次使用关联词。Having been told many times, but he still couldnt understand it. （错误）He was told many times, but he still couldnt understand it.7、非谓语动词的时态语态非谓语动词的时态语态 使用非谓语动词的时候务必注意非谓语动词和主句的谓语动词的先后关系（时态）

21、以及它和逻辑主语之间的关系（是主动关系还是被动关系）。8、非谓语动词改题技巧第一步：辨别“谓与非谓” 第二步：找非谓语的逻辑主语 作定语时，被修饰的词是逻辑主语 作状语时，句子的主语是逻辑主语 作宾语补足语时，宾语是逻辑主语第三步：判断语态. 在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语是主谓还是动宾关系。Finding her car stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searched thoroughlyC. It was looked for everywhere D. She hurried to a policeman for help第四步：分析时态. 根据非谓语自带的时间状语确定时间The problem_ next is of great importance.(C)The building_ now is our future classroom.(B)The problem_ just now