人教课标必修三Unit1 Grammar

1、Modal verbs I Unit 1 GrammarTo learn the use of modal verbs语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。规则和语法规律。1. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. (必修必修1) 2. Black people co

2、uld not vote or choose their leaders. (必修必修1) 3. You should pay more attention to the rainforest (必修必修2) 4. But of course you can ask any questions you like. (必修必修2)5. You must be very proud. (必修必修2)Look at the following sentences.Have a look1. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold

3、weather, 2. or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.3. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves 4. this will lead the ancestors back to earth.5. Festivals can also be held to honour famous people. Sentences from this unit:1. to test your sen

4、se of observation2. to test your ability of short-term memory 3. to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessing Game1. In fact, China _ have the largest number of English learners. 2. Black people _ not vote or choose their leaders. 3. You _ pay more attention to the rainforest 4. But

5、 of course you _ ask any questions you like. 5. You _ be very proud. shouldmaycouldcanmust6. Most ancient festivals _ celebrate the end of cold weather, 7. or to satisfy the ancestors, who _ return either to help or to do harm.8. For the Japanese festival Obon, people _ go to clean graves 9. this _

6、lead the ancestors back to earth.10. Festivals _ also be held to honour famous people. wouldmightshouldwillcan _ I go out to play, mum? No, you _. You should do your homework first. A. Might; wouldnt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt2. I still remember my happy childhood when my

7、 mother _ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A. might B. must C. would D. should 3. Ive ordered some pizza, so we _ worry about cooking when we get home tired. A. cant B. dare not C. neednt D. may mot 4. There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driv

8、ing school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt5. This umbrella looks like mine, but it isnt. Whose _ it be? A. must B. can C. may D. might6. May I sit beside you, sir? Sorry, you _. Look, my daughter is coming. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt7. Peter _ be really difficult at times even

9、 though he is a nice person in general. A. shall B. should C. can D. must8. You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt9. Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shall D. should10. Ive taken someone elses

10、green sweater by mistake. It _ Harrys. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustnt be D. could be以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察下面就让我们根据之前练习的考察情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重情况进一步选择讲解该语法项的重难点。难点。情态动词表示说话人的某种情态动词表示说话人的某种感情或语气，对某一动作感情或语气，对某一动作或状态的某种态度。或状态的某种态

11、度。表示表示“需要、可以、需要、可以、必须、应当必须、应当”等。等。 什么是情态动词？什么是情态动词？(modal verbs) Note 2Note 1 functions of Modal verbsabilitycertaintypermissionobligation make requests make suggestions make offers give advice 能力能力职责职责确定确定许可许可 提出提出要求要求 给出给出建议建议提供提供帮助帮助提出提出忠告忠告Words like can, will, may, must, and afew others are cal

12、led modals. Modal verbs help other verbs express a meaning or an idea. Some common uses of the modals are these:Ability: He can speak English now. He couldnt speak English a year ago. Im not able to come to the game on Friday.Obligation: You must fasten your seat belts. (strong) You should pay atten

13、tion. (weak) You ought to pay attention.Certainty: It may rain. How could I forget an important thing like that? He cant / couldnt have known the result. Permission: All passengers may now board. We can board now.Make requests:Can you help me with my training?Make suggestions:Shall we do some exerci

14、se this morning?Make offers:Ill wash your sports jacket.Shall I get a ticket for you?Give advice:You should not/ought not to eat a lot before swimming.表示能力表示能力: can, could, be able tobe able to 能用于各种时态。能用于各种时态。can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。只能表示现在或过去的能力。was / were able to 设法做成某事设法做成某事相当于相当于 managed to do

15、sth. succeeded in doing sth.1. 表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。 1) can的主要用法是：的主要用法是： A. 表示体力或脑力的能力表示体力或脑力的能力： eg. The girl can dance very well. B. 表示说话者的推测表示说话者的推测、事物的可能性事物的可能性: eg. Can the news be true? C. 在口语中，在口语中，can可以表示请求或允许可以表示请求或允许： eg. Can I sit here? can/could和和be able to2) could的主要用法是：的主要用

16、法是： A. could是是can的过去式，表示与过去的过去式，表示与过去 有关的能力和推测有关的能力和推测: eg. We all knew that the young man couldnt be a doctor. B. could可以代替可以代替can表示请求，但语表示请求，但语气较气较can客气、委婉客气、委婉: eg. Could you lend me your dictionary? Could I use your bike?3) be able to 的用法：的用法：表示能力时，比表示能力时，比can更正式。更正式。B. be able to 可用于不同的时态，也可可用于

17、不同的时态，也可用用 于另一个情态动词之后。于另一个情态动词之后。Im sorry I havent been able to play tennis with you recently.Wang Gang might be able to win the chessA. game.can和和could接动词的完成形式，表示可能已接动词的完成形式，表示可能已经做某事。经做某事。can用在否定和疑问句中，表示用在否定和疑问句中，表示不相信、怀疑等态度。不相信、怀疑等态度。They cant have gone out because the light is still on. 表示许可表示许可

18、: may / might, can / could might, could 比较委婉比较委婉, 一般多用于疑一般多用于疑 问句。问句。 can, may 表达的语言比较随便。表达的语言比较随便。 在以在以could, might 表示征询对方意见表示征询对方意见 或表示请求时，回答应相应使用或表示请求时，回答应相应使用can, may。 may常用来：常用来： A. 表示请求、允许表示请求、允许：(比比can较为正式较为正式) eg. May I come in? You may go now. B. 表示说话人的猜测表示说话人的猜测: “也许也许” “可能可能”: 通常只用于肯定句和否定

19、句中。通常只用于肯定句和否定句中。may和和might eg. I believe the man is from England. But I may be wrong. The guest may arrive this afternoon. 在肯定句中，在肯定句中，may的可能性比的可能性比can高，高，may表示现实的可能性，表示现实的可能性，can表示理论上的可表示理论上的可能性。如：能性。如： The road may be blocked. 这条路可能不通了。这条路可能不通了。 The road can be blocked. 这条路可能会是不通的。这条路可能会是不通的。 在疑问

20、句中，表示可能性用在疑问句中，表示可能性用can。 如：如：Where can he be? 他会在哪呢？他会在哪呢？ C. 表示祝愿；但语气较正式表示祝愿；但语气较正式: eg. May you succeed! May you have a good journey! might 的用法有的用法有:A. 多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许。 eg. She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。注意：注意：除了在间接引语外除了在间接引语外, might一般不表示一般不表

21、示过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能过去的可能或者许可。如要表示过去的可能可以用可以用could, 表示过去的许可可以用表示过去的许可可以用was (were) allowed to或者或者had permission to。 He might go home tomorrow. 说不定他明天会回家。说不定他明天会回家。C. 表示现在的许可，语气比表示现在的许可，语气比may较委婉，较委婉， 一般用于疑问句（包括间接疑问句），一般用于疑问句（包括间接疑问句）， 不可用于肯定句或者否定句。不可用于肯定句或者否定句。 如如: Might I have a word with you? 我可以和

22、你说句话吗？我可以和你说句话吗？B. 表示现在的可能表示现在的可能,其可能性要比其可能性要比 may小。小。2. 情态动词情态动词shall, will 的多种意义的多种意义: shall / will + 动词原形动词原形: shall 可表示必须、命令、警告或征询意见。可表示必须、命令、警告或征询意见。 will 可表示意愿、常出现的动作，在疑问可表示意愿、常出现的动作，在疑问句中表示请求和建议。句中表示请求和建议。 均可表示将来。过去时为均可表示将来。过去时为 should, would。shall和和will1) shall偏重于表示偏重于表示“承诺承诺”；will更多的表更多的表示示

23、 “决心，决定决心，决定”。I shall go to London to meet you next month.Mum will make a cake for me on my birthday.2) 疑问句中，疑问句中，shall用于一三人称表示用于一三人称表示“提建提建议议”，will用于二三人称表示用于二三人称表示“意愿意愿”。Shall I bring you some tea?Will you go to see the film with us?Will he give me his telephone number?shall和和should1) shall用于构成将来时是

24、助动词。用于构成将来时是助动词。 shall用于征求对方的意见，表示用于征求对方的意见，表示 “决心决心” 是情态动词。是情态动词。 Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter. (助动词助动词) Shall we go by train, Mom? （用于征求对方的意见，情态动词）（用于征求对方的意见，情态动词） I shall go at once. （表（表 “决心决心”，情态动词），情态动词） 2) should表示义务、建议、劝告表示义务、建议、劝告，意为意为 “应该应该”。 “should + have + 过去分词过去分词

25、” 表示本应该在过去做但没有做。表示本应该在过去做但没有做。 eg: You should keep your promise. 你应该遵守诺言。你应该遵守诺言。 She should have passed the exam. 她应该通过考试的。她应该通过考试的。will和和would 1) will是助动词还是情态动词？是助动词还是情态动词？ will用于构成将来时是助动词。用于构成将来时是助动词。 用于表示用于表示“意志意志”“”“决心决心”“”“请求请求”是是情态动情态动 词。词。would亦同理。亦同理。 I will tell you something important. 我要

26、告诉你一件重要的事情。我要告诉你一件重要的事情。(助动词助动词) Will you tell her that Im here? 请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？请您告诉她说我在这儿，好吗？ (情态动词情态动词) 2) 在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或在疑问句中用于第二人称，提出请求或询问。询问。 If you want help, let me know, will you? 如果你需要帮助，让我知道，好吗如果你需要帮助，让我知道，好吗? 3) would比比will客气委婉。客气委婉。 Would you help us, please? 请您帮助我们，好吗？请您帮助我们，好吗？ Id go

27、 there with you. 我要和你一块到那儿去。我要和你一块到那儿去。 Your teacher wouldnt allow it. 老师不会允许这件事。老师不会允许这件事。（表请求）（表请求）（表意愿）（表意愿）（表许可）（表许可）3. 表示否定的情态动词的用法表示否定的情态动词的用法:mustnt 不准不准; 禁止禁止 neednt 没必要没必要 ( = dont have to )cant 不能不能; 不可能不可能may not 不可以不可以; 可能不可能不shouldnt 不应该不应该 ( = ought not to )部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的部分情态动词的否定式是

28、情态动词中的考点之一。考点之一。 注意注意: must not 的意思是不许可，不应该的意思是不许可，不应该或者禁止。或者禁止。neednt意思是不需要。意思是不需要。 如：如：We mustnt waste our time. - May I take this magazine out? - No, you mustnt. You neednt practice basketball five times a week. must 用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答应用于一般疑问句的时候，肯定回答应该用该用 yes, please 或者或者 Im afraid so, 其否定其否定回答应该用回

29、答应该用 neednt 或者或者 dont have to。不同的不同的“肯定肯定”程度可按下列层次排列：程度可按下列层次排列： He is at home. (事实事实) He must be at home.（非常肯定的推断）（非常肯定的推断） He ought to be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He could be at home.（很可能）（很可能） He may be at home.（仅仅可能而已）（仅仅可能而已） He might be at home.（或许（或许, 非常不确定）非常不确定）He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家）（很可能不

30、在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）（一定不在家）He isnt at home.（事实）（事实） 情态动词的语法特征情态动词的语法特征1. 情态动词不能单独做谓语，除情态动词不能单独做谓语，除ought 和和have外，后面只能接不带外，后面只能接不带to的不定式。的不定式。 2. 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有情态动词没有人称，数的变化，但有 些情态动词，如些情态动词，如can, will也有一般式也有一般式 和过去式的变化。和过去式的变化。只作情态动词的只作情态动词的 can/could, may/might, ought to, must可情态可实义的可情态可

31、实义的 need, dare/dared可情态可助动词的可情态可助动词的 shall/should, will/would相当于情态动词的相当于情态动词的 have to, used to3. 情态动词的情态动词的“时态时态”形式并不是时间区别形式并不是时间区别 的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的的主要标志，不少情况下，情态动词的 现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示现在式形式和过去式形式都可用来表示 现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。现在时间、过去时间和将来时间。Review情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，认为态的态度，认为“可能可能”、“应当应当”、“必

32、要必要”等等。等等。掌握下列情态动词的用法：掌握下列情态动词的用法：may / might, can / could, will / would, shall / should, must / cant _ I have a word with you? It wont take long. (2014北京北京) A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should 2. Although you _ find bargains in London, its not generally a cheap place to shop. (2014大纲大纲) A. should B.

33、need C. must D. can I. Choose the best answer.3. -Ive prepared all kinds of food for the picnic. -Do you mean we_ bring anything with us? (2014湖南湖南 ) A. cant B. mustnt C. shant D. neednt 4. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, bring me food. (2014江苏江苏) A. might B. would C. should D. could

34、 5. Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful? It _ be, but it is now heavily polluted. (2007全国全国I) A. will B. would C. should D. must 6. She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam. I guess so. Its not difficult after all. (2007江苏江苏) A. should B. could C. must D. might7. According

35、to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. (2008上海上海) A. may B. can C. would D. should8. Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. (2008山东山东) A. can manage B. could have managed C. could manage D. can have managed 9. Its the offi

36、ce! So you _ know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. (2009湖南湖南) A. must B. will C. may D. need10. The traffic is heavy this day. I _ arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? (2009辽宁辽宁) A. can B. must C. need D. might 11. Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon. (2010全国全

37、国I) A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. will not12. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday. (2010江苏江苏) A. could B. shall C. must D. may 13. “You _ have a wrong number,” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.” (2010浙江浙江

38、) A. need B. can C. must D. would14. Sorry, Professor Smith. I didnt finish the assignment yesterday. Oh, you _ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. (2010上海上海) A. must B. mustnt C. should D. shouldnt15. If you _ smoke, please go outside. (2011全国全国II) A. can B. should C. must D. may16. Shall I

39、 inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _, in case he comes late for the meeting. (2011福建福建) A. will B. must C. may D. can 17. The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _. (2011四川四川) A. can B. may C. must D. should18. No one _ be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. (2011湖南湖南) A. can B. need C. must D. might 19. Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. (2011陕西陕西) A. might B.