人工智能词汇12.17

1、常用英语词汇-andrew Ng课程intensity 强度Regression 回归Loss function损失函数 non-convex非凸函数 neural network 神经网络 supervised learning 监督学习 regression problem回归问题处理的是连续的问题 classification problem 分类问题 discreet value 离散值support vector machines 支持向虽机 learning theory 学习理论 learning algorithms 学习算法 unsupervised learning 无监督

2、学习 gradient descent 梯度卜降 linear regression 线性回归 Neural Network 神经网络 gradient descent 梯度卜降 normal equations linear algebra 线性代数superscript 上标 exponentiation 指数 training set训练集合 training example 训练样本 hypothesis假设，用来表示学习算法的输岀 LMS algorithm least mean squares 最小二乘法算法 batch gradient descent 批量梯度下降 consta

3、ntly gradient descent 随机梯度下降 iterative algorithm 迭代算法 partial derivative 偏导数contour等髙线 quadratic function 二元函数 locally weighted regression 局部加权回归 underfitting 欠拟合 overfitting 过拟合non-parametric learning algorithms 无参数学习算法 parametric learning algorithm 参数学习算法 activation 激活值activation function 激活函数 add

4、itive noise 加性噪声autoencoder自编码器Autoencoders自编码算法 average firing rate 平均激活率 average sumof-squares error 均方差 backpropagation 后向传播 basis 基 basis feature vectors 特征基向量 batch gradient ascent批量梯度上升法Bayesian regularization method 贝叶斯规则化方法Bernoulli random variable 伯努利随机变量bias term偏宜项binary classfication 二元分

5、类class labels类型标记concatena廿on 级联conjugate gradient 共$6梯度contiguous groups 联通区域convex optimization software 凸优化软件 convolution 卷积cost function代价函数 covariance matrix 协方差矩阵DC component直流分量decorrelation 去相关degeneracy 退化demensionality reduction 降维derivative 导函数diagonal对角线diffusion of gradients 梯度的弥散eigenv

6、alue 特征值 eigenvector特征向量 error term 残差feature matrix 特征矩阵feature standardization 特征标准化 feedforward architectures 前馈结构算法 feedforward neural network 前馈神经网络 feedforward pass 前馈传导fine-tuned 微调first-order feature 阶特征forward pass前向传导forward propagation 前向传播Gaussian prior髙斯先验概率generative model 生成模型 gradien

7、t descent 梯度卜降 Greedy layer-wise training逐层贪婪训练方法 grouping matrix 分组矩阵 Hadamard product阿达马乘积 Hessian matrix Hessian 矩阵 hidden layer 隐含层 hidden units隐藏神经元 Hierarchical grouping 层次型分组 higher-order features 更高阶特征highly non-convex optimization problem 高度非凸的优化问题 histogram直方图 hyperbolic tangent双曲正切函数 hypo

8、thesis估值，假设 identity activation function 恒等激励函数 HD独立同分布 illumination 照明 inactive 抑制 independent component analysis 独立成份分析input domains 输入域 input layer 输入层 intensity亮度/灰度 intercept term 截距 KL divergence 相对爛 KL divergence KL 分散度 k-Means K均值 learning rate学习速率 least squares 最小二乘法 linear correspondence 线

9、性响应linear superposition 线性叠加 line-search algorithm 线搜索算法 local mean subtraction 局部均值消减 local optima局部最优解 logistic regression 逻辑回归 loss function损失函数 low-pass filtering 低通滤波 magnitude 幅值 MAP极大后验估计 maximum likelihood estimation 极大似然估计 mean平均值MFCC Mel倒频系数 multi-class classification 多元分类 neural networks

10、神经网络 neuron神经元Newtons method 牛顿法 non-convex function 非凸函数 non-linear feature 非线性特征 norm范式 norm bounded有界范数norm constrained 范数约朿 normalization 归一ft numerical roundoff errors 数值舍入误差 numerically checking 数值检验 numerically reliable数值计算上稳定 object detection 物体检测 objective function 目标函数 off-by-one error 缺位错

11、误 orthogonalization 正交 output layer 输出层overall cost function 总体代价函数 over-complete basis 超完备基 over-fitting 过拟合 parts of objects目标的部件 part-whole decompostion 部分整体分解 PCA主元分析 penalty term惩罚因子 per-example mean subtraction 逐样本均值消减 pooling 池化 pretrain预训练principal components analysis 主成份分析 quadratic constra

12、ints 二次约束 RBMs 受限 Boltzman 机 reconstruction based models 基于重构的模型 reconstruction cost 重建代价 reconstruction term 重*勾项 redundant 冗余 reflection matrix 反射矩阵 regularization 正则化 regularization term 正则化项 rescaling 缩放 robust鲁棒性 run行程 second-order feature 二阶特征 sigmoid activation function S 型激励函数 significant di

13、gits 有效数字 singular value 奇异值 singular vector 奇异向呈 smoothed LI penalty平滑的LI范数惩罚 Smoothed topographic LI sparsity penalty平滑地形LI稀疏惩罚函数 smoothing 平滑Softmax Regress on Softmax 回归 sorted in decreasing order 降序排列 source features 源特征 sparse autoencoder 消减归一化 Sparsity稀疏性 sparsity parameter 稀疏性参数 sparsity pen

14、alty 稀疏惩罚 square function 平方函数squared-error 方差 stationary平稳性（不变性） stationary stochastic process 平稳随机过程 step-size步长值 supervised learning 监督学习symmetric positive semi-definite matrix对称半正定矩阵symmetry breaking 对称失效 tanh function双曲正切函数 the average activation 平均活跃度the derivative checking method 梯度验证方法 the e

15、mpirical distribution 经验分布函数 the energy function 能量函数 the Lagrange dual拉格朗日对偶函数 the log likelihood对数似然函数 the pixel intensity value 像素灰度值 the rate of convergence 收敛速度 topographic cost term 拓扑代价项 topographic ordered 拓扌卜秩序 transformation 变换 translation invariant 平移不变性 trivial answer 平凡解 under-complete

16、basis 不完备基 unrolling组合扩展 unsupervised learning 无监督学习 variance 方差 vecotrized implementation 向量化实现 vectorization 矢量化 visual cortex视觉皮层 weight decay权重衰减weighted average加权平均值 whitening 白化 zero-mean均值为零 Accumulated error backpropagation 累积误差逆传播 Activation Function 激活函数Adaptive Resonance Theory/ART 自适应谐振理

17、论 Addictive model 加性学习Adversarial Networks 对抗网络Affine Layer 仿射层 Affinity matrix 亲和矩阵Agent代理/智能体Algorithm 算法 Alpha-beta pruning a-p 剪枝 Anomaly detection 异常检测 Approximation 近似Area Under ROC Curve / AUC Roc 曲线卜而积 Artificial General Intelligence/AGI 通用人匸智能 Artificial Intelligence/AI 人工智能 Association ana

18、lysis 关联分析Attention mechanism 注意力机制Attribute condi廿onal independence assumption 属性条件独立性假设Attribute space 属性空间 Attribute value 属性值 Autoencoder自编码器 Automatic speech recognition 自动语音识别 Automatic summarization 自动摘要 Average gradient 平均梯度 Average-Pooling 平均池化Backpropagation Through Time通过时间的反向传播Backpropag

19、ation/BP 反向传播Base learner基学习器Base learning algorithm 基学习算法Batch Normalization/BN 批量归一化Bayes decision rule贝叶斯判定准贝!IBayes Model Averaging / BMA 贝叶斯模型平均Bayes optimal classifier贝叶斯最优分类器Bayesian decision theory 贝叶斯决策论Bayesian network贝叶斯网络Between-class scatter matrix 类间散度矩阵Bias偏置/偏差Bias-variance decomposi

20、tion 偏差方差分解Bias-Variance Dilemma 偏差-方差困境Bi-directional Long-Short Term Memory/Bi-LSTM双向长短期记忆Binary classification 二分类Binomial test 二项检验Bi-partition 二分法Boltzmannmachine 玻尔兹曼机Bootstrap sampling自助采样法/可重复采样Bootstrapping 自助法Break-Event Point / BEP 平衡点Calibration 校准Cascade-Correlation 级联相关Categorical attr

21、ibute 离散属性Class-conditional probability 类条件概率Classification and regression tree/CART 分类打回归树Classifier 分类器Class-imbalance类别不平衡Closed -form 闭式Cluster簇/类/集群Cluster analysis 聚类分析Clustering 聚类Clustering ensemble 聚类集成Co-adapting 共适应Coding matrix编码矩阵COLT国际学习理论会议Committee-based learning基于委员会的学习 Competitive

22、learning 竞争型学习Component learner 组件学习器Comprehensibility 可解释性Computation Cost 订算成本Computational Linguistics IT算语言学Computer vision计算机视觉Concept drift概念漂移Concept Learning System /CLS 概念学习系统Conditional entropy 条件爛Conditional mutual information 条件互信息Conditional Probability Table / CPT 条件概率表Conditional rand

23、om field/CRF 条件随机场Conditional risk 条件风险Confidence 置信度Confusion matrix 混淆矩阵Connection weight 连接权Connectionism 连结主义Consistency 一致性/相合性Contingency table 列联表Continuous attribute 连续属性Convergence 收敛Conversational agent 会话智能体Convex quadratic programming 凸二次规划 Convexity 凸性Convolutional neural network/CNN 卷积

24、神经网络 Cooccurrenee 同现Correlation coefficient 相关系数Cosine similarity 余弦相似度Cost curve成本曲线Cost Function成本函数Cost matrix成本矩阵Cost-sensitive 成本敏感Cross entropy 交叉爛Cross validation 交叉验证Crowdsourcing 众包Curse of dimensionality 维数灾难Cut point截断点Cutting plane algorithm 割平面法Data mining数据挖掘Data set数据集Decision Boundar

25、y 决策边界Decision stump 决策树桩Decision tree决策树/判定树Deduction 演绎Deep Belief Network深度信念网络Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial NetworkDCGAN深度卷积生成对抗网络Deep learning深度学习Deep neural network/DNN 深度神经网络Deep Q-Learning 深度 Q 学习Deep Q-Network 深度 Q 网络Density estimation 密度估讣Density-based clustering 密度聚类Differenti

26、able neural computer 可微分神经计算机 Dimensionality reduction algorithm 降维算法 Directed edge 有向边Disagreement measure 不合度量Discriminative model 判别模型Discriminator 判别器Distance measure 距离度量Distance metric learning 距离度量学习Distribution 分布Divergence 散度Diversity measure多样性度量/差异性度量 Domain adaption领域自适应Downsampling 卜采样D

27、-separation (Directed separation) 有向分离 Dual problem对偶问题Dummy node哑结点Dynamic Fusion 动态融合Dynamic programming 动态规划Eigenvalue decomposition 特征值分解Embedding 嵌入Emotional analysis 情绪分析Empirical conditional entropy 经验条件埼Empirical entropy 经验埼Empirical error 经验误差Empirical risk 经验风险End-to-End 端到端Energy-based mo

28、del基于能虽:的模型Ensemble learning 集成学习Ensemble pruning 集成修剪Error Correcting Output Codes / ECOC 纠错输出码 Error rate错误率Error-ambiguity decomposition 误差分歧分解 Euclidean distance 欧氏距离Evolutionarycomputa廿on i寅算 Expectation-Maximization 期望最大化Expected loss期望损失Exploding Gradient Problem 梯度爆炸问题 Exponential loss funct

29、ion 指数损失函数Extreme Learning Machine/ELM 超限学习机Factorization 因子分解False negative 假负类False positive 假正类False Positive Rate/FPR 假正例率Feature engineering 特征工程Feature selection 特征选择Feature vector 特征向量Featured Learning 特征学习Feedforward Neural Networks/FNN 前馈神经网络 Fine-tuning 微调Flipping output 翻转法Fluctuation 丧荡F

30、orward stagewise algorithm 前向分步算法Frequentist频率主义学派Full-rank matrix 满秩矩阵Functional neuron 功能神经元Gain ratio增益率Game theory 博弈论Gaussian kernel function 高斯核函数Gaussian Mixture Model 髙斯混合模型General Problem Solving 通用问题求解Generalization 泛化Generalization error 泛化误差Generalization error bound 泛化误差上界 Generalized L

31、agrange function 广义拉格朗日函数 Generalized linear model / 义线性模型 Generalized Rayleigh quotient 丿义瑞利商 Generative Adversarial Networks/GAN 生成对抗网络 Generative Model 生成模型Generator生成器Genetic Algorithm/GA 遗传算法Gibbs sampling吉布斯采样Gini index基尼指数Global minimum 全局最小Global Optimization 全局优化Gradient boosting 梯度提升Gradie

32、nt Descent 梯度下降Graph theory 图论Ground-truth M相 / 真实Hard margin 硬间隔Hard voting 硬投票Harmonic mean调和平均Hesse matrix海塞矩阵Hidden dynamic model 隐动态模型Hidden layer 隐藏层Hidden Markov Model/HMM隐马尔可夫模型Hierarchical clustering 层次聚类Hilbert space希尔伯特空间Hinge loss function合页损失函数Hold-out留岀法Homogeneous 同质Hybrid computing 混

33、合计算Hyperparameter 超参数Hypothesis 假设Hypothesis test 假设验证ICML国际机器学习会议Improved iterative scaling/IIS 改进的迭代尺度法Incremental learning 增戢学习Independent and identically distributed/ 独立同分 布Independent Component Analysis/ICA 独立成分分析Indicator function 指示函数Individual learner 个体学习器Induction 归纳Inductive bias 归纳偏好Indu

34、ctive learning 归纳学习Inductive Logic Programming / ILP 归纳逻借程序设计Information entropy 信息矯Information gain 信息增益Input layer 输入层Insensitive loss不敏感损失Inter-cluster similarity 簇间相似度International Con fere nee for Machine Learning/ICML国际机器学习大会Intra-cluster similarity 簇内相似度Intrinsic value 固有值Isometric Mapping/ls

35、omap 等度量映射Isotonic regression 等分回归Iterative Dichotomiser 迭代二分器Kernel method 核方法Kernel trick 核技巧Kernelized Linear Discriminant Analysis / KLDA核线性判别分析K-fold cross validation k折交叉验证/ k倍交叉验证K-Means Clustering K -均值聚类K-Nearest Neighbours Algorithm/KNN K 近邻算法Knowledge base 知识库Knowledge Representation 知识表征

36、Label space标记空间Lagrange duality拉格朗日对偶性Lagrange multiplier拉格朗日乘子Laplace smoothing拉普拉斯平滑Laplacian correction 拉普拉斯修正Latent Dirichlet Allocation 隐狄利克雷分布Latent semantic analysis 潜在语义分析Latent variable 隐变量Lazy learning懒惰学习Learner学习器Learning by analogy 类比学习Learning rate 学习率Learning Vector Quantization/LVQ 学

37、习向量量化Least squares regression tree 最小二乘回归树Leave-One-Out/LOO 留一法linear chain conditional random field线性链条件随机场Linear Discriminant Analysis / LDA 线性判别分析Linear model线性模型Linear Regression 线性回归Link function联系函数Local Markov property局部马尔可夫性Local minimum局部最小Log likelihood 对数似然Log odds / logit 对数几率Logis廿c Reg

38、ression Logistic 回归Log-likelihood 对数似然Log-linear regression 对数线性回归Long-Short Term Memory/LSTM 长短期记忆Loss function损失函数Machine translation/MT 机器翻译Macron-P宏查准率Macron-R宏查全率Majority voting绝对多数投票法Manifold assumption 流形假设Manifold learning 流形学习Margin theory间隔理论Marginal distribution 边际分布Marginal independence

39、边际独立性Marginalization 边际化Markov Chain Monte Carlo/MCMC马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗方法Markov Random Field马尔可夫随机场Maximal clique 最大团Maximum Likelihood Estimation/MLE极大似然估计/极大似然法Maximum margin 最大间隔Maximum weighted spanning tree 最大带权生成树Max-Pooling最大池化Mean squared error 均方误差Meta-learner元学习器Metric learning 度量学习Micro-P微査准率Micro

40、-R微査全率Minimal Description Length/MDL 最小描述长度Minimax game极小极大博弈Misclassification cost 误分类成本Mixture of experts 混合&家Momentum 动量Moral graph道徳图/端正图Multi-class classification 多分类Multi-document summarization 多文档摘要Multi-layer feedforward neural networks多层前馈神经网络Multilayer Perceptron/MLP 多层感知器Multimodal learni

41、ng 多模态学习Multiple Dimensional Scaling 多维缩放Multiple linear regression 多元线性回归Multi-response Linear Regression / MLR多响应线性回归Mutual information 互信息Naive bayes朴素贝叶斯Naive Bayes Classifier朴素贝叶斯分类器Named entity recognition 命 名实体识别Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural language generatlon/NLG 自然语言生成Natural language proce

42、ssing 自然语言处理Negative class 负类Negative correlation 负相关法Negative Log Likelihood 负对数似然Neighbourhood Component Analysis/NCA近邻成分分析Neural Machine Translation 神经机器翻译Neural Turing Machine 神经图灵机Newton method 牛顿法NIPS国际神经信息处理系统会议No Free Lunch Theorem / NFL没有免费的午餐左理Noise-contrastive estimation 噪音对比估计Nominal att

43、ribute 列名属性Non-convex optimization 非凸优化Nonlinear model非线性模型Non-metric distance 非度量距离Non-negative matrix factorization 非负矩阵分解Non-ordinal attribute 无序属性Non-Saturating Game 非饱和博弈Norm范数Normalization 归一化Nuclear norm 核范数Numerical attribute 数值属性Letter 0Objective function 目标函数Oblique decision tree 斜决策树Occam

44、s razor奥卡姆剃刀Odds几率Off-Policy 离策略One shot learning 一次性学习One-Dependent Estimator / ODE 独依赖估计On-Policy在策略Ordinal attribute 有序属性Out-of-bag estimate 包外估计Output layer 输出层Output smearing输出调制法Overfitting过拟合/过配Oversampling 过采样Paired t-test 成对 t 检验Pairwise成对型Pairwise Markov property 成对马尔可夫性Parameter 参数Paramet

45、er estimation 参数估计Parameter tuning 调参Parse tree解析树Particle Swarm Optimization/PSO 粒子群优化算法Part-of-speech tagging 词性标注Perceptron 感知机Performance measure 性能度量Plug and Play Generative Network 即插即用生成网络Plurality voting相对多数投票法Polarity detection 极性检测Polynomial kernel function 多项式核函数Pooling 池化Positive class 正

46、类Positive definite matrix 正圧矩阵Post-hoc test后续检验Post-pruning 后剪枝potential function 势函数Precision查准率/准确率Prepruning 预剪枝Principal component analysis/PCA 主成分分析Principle of multiple explanations 多释原则Prior先验Probability Graphical Model 概率图模型Proximal Gradient Descent/PGD 近端梯度下降Pruning 剪枝Pseudo-label 伪标记Quanti

47、zed Neural Network 量子化神经网络Quantum computer量子汁算机Quantum Computing 量子计算Quasi Newton method 拟牛顿法Radial Basis Function / RBF 径向基函数Random Forest Algorithm 随机森林算法Random walk随机漫步Recall查全率/召回率Receiver Operating Characteristic/ROC受试者工作特征Rectified Linear Unit/ReLU 线性修正单元Recurrent Neural Network 循环神经网络Recursiv

48、e neural network 递归神经网络Reference model 参考模型Regression 回归Regularization 正则化Reinforcement learning/RL 强化学习Representation learning 表征学习Representer theorem 表示左理 reproducing kernel Hilbert space/RKHS再生核希尔伯特空间Re-sampling重釆样法Rescaling再缩放Residual Mapping 残差映射Residual Network 残差网络Restricted Boltzmann Machine

49、/RBM 受限玻尔兹曼机Restricted Isometry Property/RIP 限定等距性 Re-weighting重赋权法Robustness稳健性/鲁棒性Root node根结点Rule Engine规则引擎Rule learning规则学习Saddle point 鞍点Sample space样本空间Sampling 采样Score function 评分函数Self-Driving自动驾驶Self-Organizing Map / SOM 自组织映射Semi-naive Bayes classifiers半朴素贝叶斯分类器 Semi-Supervised Learning 半

50、监督学习 semi-Supervised Support Vector Machine半监督支持向量机Sentiment analysis 情感分析Separating hyperplane 分离超平而Sigmoid funotion Sigmoid 函数Similarity measure 相似度度量Simulated annealing 模拟退火Simultaneous localization and mapping同步定位与地图构建Singular Value Decomposition 奇异值分解Slack variables 松弛变量Smoothing 平滑Soft margin

51、软间隔Soft margin maximization 软间隔最大化Soft voting 软投票Sparse representation 稀疏表征Sparsity稀疏性Specialization 特化Spectral Clustering 谱聚类Speech Recognition 语音识别Splitting variable 切分变量Squashing function 挤压函数Stability-plasticity dilemma 可塑性稳宦性困境Statistical learning 统计学习Status feature function 状态特征函Stochastic gra

52、dient descent 随机梯度下降Stratified sampling 分层采样Structural risk 结构风险Structural risk minimization/SRM 结构风险最小化Subspace子空间Supervised learning监督学习/有导师学习 support vector expansion 支持向量展式 Support Vector Machine/SVM 支持向量机 Surrogat loss替代损失Surrogate function 替代函数Symbolic learning 符号学习Symbolism符号主义Synset同义词集T-Dis

53、tribution Stochastic Neighbour Embedding t-SNET-分布随机近邻嵌入Tensor张量Tensor Processing Units/TPU 张量处理单元The least square method 最小二乘法Threshold 阈值Threshold logic unit阈值逻辑单元 Threshold-moving 阈值移动 Time Step时间步骤Tokenization 标记化Training error 训练误差Training instance训练示例/训练例Transductive learning 直推学习Transfer lear

54、ning 迁移学习Treebank 树库Tria-by-error 试错法True negative 頁负类True positive 真正类True Positive Rate/TPR 貞.正例率Turing Machine 图灵机Twice-learning 二次学AlUnderfitting欠拟合/欠配Undersampling 欠采样Understandability 可理解性Unequal cost非均等代价Unit-step function单位阶跃函数Univariate decision tree 单变量决策树Unsupervised learning无监督学习/无导师学习Un

55、supervised layer-wise training 无监督逐层训练 Upsampling 上采样Vanishing Gradient Problem 梯度消失问题 Variational inference 变分推断VC Theory VC 维理论Version space版本空间Viterbi algorithm 维特比算法Von Neumann architecture 冯诺伊曼架构Wasserstein GAN/WGAN Wasserstein 生成对抗网络 Weak learner弱学习器Weight权重Weight sharing 权共宇Weighted voting加权投

56、票法Within-class scatter matrix 类内散度矩阵Word embedding 词嵌入Word sense disambiguation 词义消歧 Zero-data learning 零数据学习 Zero-shot learning 零次学习 approximations 近似值 arbitrary随意的 affine仿射的 arbitrary任意的 amino acid氨基酸 amenable经得起检验的concrete具体的事物，实在的东西 cross validation 交叉验证 correlation相互关系convention 纟勺立 cluster 一簇 centroids质心，形心 converge 收敛 computationally 讣算（机）的 calculus 计算derive获得，取得axiom公理，原则abstract 提取architecture架构，体系结构；建造业 abso