本章内容可用两种学习方法ppt课件

1、Grammar阐明阐明本章内容可用两种学习方法。本章内容可用两种学习方法。1.学习时鼠标点击空白处学习。学习时鼠标点击空白处学习。2.可用点击图标学习，例如，可点击可用点击图标学习，例如，可点击 来进展学习。来进展学习。3.图标图标 是供奥班学生或有才干的学生学习。是供奥班学生或有才干的学生学习。Attributive clause (限制性定语限制性定语从句从句) 先行词和关系词先行词和关系词定语从句定语从句 关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句 关系代词的运用方法关系代词的运用方法 定语从句中需本卷须知定语从句中需本卷须知 附加部分附加部分习题习题 定语可以由描画词、代词、数词

2、、名词、分词、定语可以由描画词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词以分词、介词短语为例短语为例 例：例： The girl behind the tree is Kate. The man driving too fast was a drunk. 定语从句定语从句 在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。在英语中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例：例： The girl who is behind the tree is Kate. The man who was driving too fast was a

3、drunk.先行词和关系词先行词和关系词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。叫先行词。关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词。先行词、关系词先行词、关系词/引导词引导词对等对等 替代替代 That is the bike which my father bought for me. 先行词关系词先行词关系词 bikeq关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定关系词的作用：既引导定语从句，又在定 语从句中充任某种成分。语从句中充任某种成分。关系代词如何引导定语从句关系代词如何引导定语从句普通代词与关系代词的区别普通代词与关系代词的区别I have

4、 a sister.She works in Shanghai. 替代替代 sisterI have a sister who/that works in Shanghai.普通代词：只起替代的作用普通代词：只起替代的作用如上例如上例she)关系代词：关系代词： 如上例如上例who/which 1. 除了替代先行词外，除了替代先行词外，2.它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分，它还在定语从句中担任一定的成分，3. 同时衔接先行词与它引导的定语从句。同时衔接先行词与它引导的定语从句。 把主句和从句连起来把主句和从句连起来 阐明如下阐明如下The building is our school.+The

5、building stands by the river.= The building which/that stands by the river is our school. 先行词先行词 关系词关系词 从句从句 which、that 是关系代词，它在从句中替代先行词是关系代词，它在从句中替代先行词the building, 同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句衔接衔接 起来。起来。v 关系代词的运用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常亲密，由于关系代词的运用取决于先行词，它们的关系非常亲密，由于关系代词在定语从句中替代主句中的先行词

6、，所以它在普通情关系代词在定语从句中替代主句中的先行词，所以它在普通情况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的况下都跟在先行词之后，而且它的 人称、数必需和先行词一致。人称、数必需和先行词一致。The woman that/who is speaking at the meeting is my mother.(主句主句) The woman is my mother(从句从句) The woman is speaking at the meeting.主语是单数 The women that/who are speaking at the meeting are famous scientists.

7、(主句主句)The women are famous scientists. (从句从句)The women are speaking at the meeting.主语是复数 关系词判关系词判 断断 步步 骤骤 : 首先，要区分出先行词。首先，要区分出先行词。 假设先行词是指人假设先行词是指人,关系词能够就用关系词能够就用 who,that,whom,whose。假设先行词指物。假设先行词指物,关系词能够用关系词能够用which或或thatv 然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词 主格 宾格 所有格 人who,thatwho(m),tha

8、t whose 物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of whichv 最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数最后，要确定关系代词的人称和数(请看以上例句请看以上例句)v留意留意q 定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。q. The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.q (主句)The woman is my mother.(表达客观现适用普通如今时)q (从句)The woman(who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday.q (句中yesterday表示过去时间)v定

9、语从句的识别思索步骤定语从句的识别思索步骤v 找出先行词找出先行词v a.确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。确定在从句中关系代词的人称、数和性。v b.确定定语从句的位置确定定语从句的位置v 确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词确定关系代词在从句中的成分以确定关系代词的格的格v 确定从句的时态确定从句的时态 定语从句的时态都不受主定语从句的时态都不受主句的限制句的限制关系代词的运用方法关系代词的运用方法定语从句常用的关系代词有：that 、who(m)、whose、which等。 that多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。多指物，在从句中作主语或作动词的宾语。that/which作宾

10、语时可省作宾语时可省. 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. A plane is a machine which can fly. 2) Who was hurt in the accident that happened yesterday? Who was hurt in the accident which happened yesterday? 3)Have you found the bike that you lost? Have you found the bike which you lost? Have you found the bi

11、ke 省略省略 you lost? 2. which 指物指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语作宾语可以省略。可以省略。 ( which 与与that 指物时可以相互替代，指物时可以相互替代，that 更常见。更常见。 1) His father works in a factory that makes TV sets. His father works in a factory which makes TV sets. 2)The film that we saw last night was very wonderful. The fil

12、m which we saw last night was very wonderful. The film 省略省略 we saw last night was very wonderful. 3. who 指人指人(既它的先行词必需是人既它的先行词必需是人),在从句中作主语或宾语。在从句中作主语或宾语。但但whom 是宾格是宾格,只能作宾语。只能作宾语。(that有时也指人有时也指人.替代替代who,whom,可作主语或宾语可作主语或宾语) 1)The girls who werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. The gi

13、rls that werent badly hurt in the accident are my classmates. 2) He knew the teacher who we met yesterday. He knew the teacher whom we met yesterday. He knew the teacher (that) we met yesterday.4.whose 是代词的一切格方式是代词的一切格方式, 它既可以代人也可以代物。它既可以代人也可以代物。 I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman wh

14、ose bag was stolen.qIll call a person. His father knows you.q Ill call a person whose father knows you.qPlease show me the book . Its cover is red.q Please show me the book whose cover is red.qI cant find the house .My friend lives in it.qI cant find the house whose friend lives in it.1)This is the

15、hero( whom) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . This is the hero(that) we are proud of .2)She is the girl whom I went with there. She is the girl with whom I went there. She is the girl that I went with there. She is the girl 省略 I went with there.留意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提早.例如:look af

16、ter,look at v关系代词与介词关系代词与介词v 介词放在关系代词的前面时介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只介词宾语只能用能用which代物代物,v 和和whom代人。代人。(介词在末尾时介词在末尾时,关系词可关系词可以省略以省略) 3 )The room (that) I live in is very big. The room (which) I live in is very big. The room in which I live is very big. The room where I live is very big.4).I want to find the pe

17、n (that) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen (which) I wrote the letter with. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. Here are the picture-books that the children are looking for . Here are the picture-books which the children are looking for. Here are the picture-books the

18、 children are looking for. 定语从句中需本卷须知定语从句中需本卷须知 有些情况下只用关系词有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用而不宜用which1.从句所修饰的词又被描画词最高级或序数词修饰时从句所修饰的词又被描画词最高级或序数词修饰时,只能用只能用that引导从句引导从句. This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.2.先行词是先行词是

19、all,something,nothing,anything不定代词时不定代词时,只能用只能用that. Here is something( that) I will tell you. Not all that glitters is gold.3.先行词既有人也有物时先行词既有人也有物时,只能用只能用that引出从句引出从句 I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.4.先行词是先行词是one of,the one, 或用或用little,few, no, all,any 作修饰，用作修饰，用that Is

20、 it the one that you want ?We havent got much that we can offer you.5.当主句已有疑问词当主句已有疑问词 who或或which时，关系词用时，关系词用that Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?v从例句中看出，从例句中看出，who、that在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用在许多情况下可以通用，但有时宜用v 用用who,而不用而不用thatv1.先行词是先行词是one(s),anyone,someon

21、e, those时，关系词运用时，关系词运用whov Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.v One who has nothing to fear oneself dares to tell the truth.v 2.在在there be 句型中，先行词指人句型中，先行词指人,关系词用关系词用whov There is an old man who wants to see you.vThere are many young men who are against him.附加部分附加部分 关系副关系副词词 关系副词是用来

22、引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 数种作用。数种作用。 在从句中替代先行词。在从句中替代先行词。在句中作状语。在句中作状语。衔接作用，把两个句子衔接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。衔接作用，把两个句子衔接成为一个带有定语从句的复合句。 关系副词有三种：关系副词有三种： where:在从句中作地点状语在从句中作地点状语,指代地点指代地点. ( on/in/atwhich)=that when: 在从句中作时间状语在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。指代时间。(on/ inwhich)=that why: 在从句中作缘由状语在从句中作缘由状语,指代

23、缘由。指代缘由。 =that 关系副词的用法：关系副词的用法： 1.where 的用法：的用法：(先行词应是地点名先行词应是地点名词词 The hotel wasnt clean. + We stayed =The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean. The hotel which we stayed at wasnt clean The hotel 关系词略关系词略we stayed at wasnt clean . at the hotel. We stayedthere.

24、先行词先行词关系词关系词从句从句从句从句共有五个共有五个不同的句不同的句子来表达。子来表达。2.when的用法：的用法： 先行词应是表示时间的名词先行词应是表示时间的名词 Ill never forget the day. + I joined the League on that day. Ill never forget the day that I joined the League.(口语口语) Ill never forget the day on which I joined the League . Ill never forget the day when I joined t

25、he League.从从句句3.why的用法：的用法： ( 表示缘由的名词表示缘由的名词) The reason why Im calling you is to invite you to a party. The reason that Im calling you is to invite you to a party The reason Im calling you is to invite you to a party 略 在口语中,关系副词where、when、why 常被that 替代,也可省略。 Exerc sesI.Rewrite the sentencesII.Choos

26、e the best answersIII.TranslateI.把以下单句合并成含有定语从句的复合句.1.The little girl was crying on the street.Her money had been stolen.2.The colour of the bike is green.Have you seen the bike?3.The student didnt agree with us.The student was standing under the tree.4.Where is the man? The man talked with you just

27、 now.5.The watch is very nice. He gave me the watch for my birthday.6.The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.7.The teacher is our English teacher. You saw her on the playground.The little girl whose money had been stolen was crying on the street.Have you seen the bike whose colour

28、 is green.The student who was standing under the tree didnt agree with us.Where is the man who talked with you just now?The watch(that) he gave me for my birthday is very nice. The book( that/which) you lent me yesterday is very interesting. The teacher(who/that)you saw on the playground is our Engl

29、ish teacher8. The letter is from my friend. I received it yesterday. 9. Im reading a book. Its name is “Who Moved My Cheese 10.He works in a school. There is a big store near it.11.He used to live in a house.In front of it grew many apple trees.12.This is the room. We lived in it last year.13.The ch

30、ildren are very healthy. She is looking after them.14.I know the boy.He can speak English well.The letter(that/which) I received yesterday is from my friend. Im reading a book whose name is “Who Moved My Cheese He works in a school near which there is a big store .This is the room (that/which)we liv

31、ed in last year.This is the room in which /where we lived last year.The children (who/that)she is looking after them are very healthy.I know the boy who/that can speak English wellHe used to live in a house in front of which grew many apple trees15.The season is summer.It comes after spring.16.The m

32、an was American.I spoke to him yesterday.17.I cant find the house.My friend lives in it. 18.I know the boy.You are looking for him.19.This is the town.He was born in the town. 20.We arrived here on the day.Do you remember it?The season which comes after spring is summer.The man (whom /that)I spoke t

33、o yesterday was American.The man to whom I spoke yesterday was American.I cant find the house (which /that) my friend lives in.I cant find the house in which /where my friend lives.I know the boy (whom/who/that) you are looking for.This is the town (which/that) he was born in.This is the town in whi

34、ch/where he was born.Do you remember the day( that/which) we arrived here on?Do you remember the day on which we arrived here?Do you remember the day when we arrived here?II.单项选择。 1. This is the job _they laughed at. A.which B.as C.it D.who 2. Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ag

35、o. A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3. Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting? A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4. The man _is painting the house is my uncle. A.he B.whom C.whose D.who5. What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket? A.who B.whose C.its D.w

36、hich6. This book is for the students _native language isnt English. A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7. The robbers shouted, “Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves! A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful. A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents d

37、ied two years ago lives with his grandpa now. A.whose B.who C.his D/10.The man_is smoking is a tailor. A.whom B.who C.which D.what _ACBDBCCAAB11Which animal is your favourite? The one _has a long neck. A.which B.that C.it D.who12.Is this the factory _produces colour TV sets? A.what B./C.which D.wher

38、e13.The high building _is a big hotel. A.that he is looking B.which he is looking C.we are looking at D.at that we are looking14Is there anyone _ can answer this question? A.which B.whom C.who D.he15.In the afternoon well visit the high school _is very famous here. A.which B.where C.it D./16.The fox

39、 _ the chickens were killed was shot. A.that B.which C.for that D.by which17.The computer _can store a lot of information is widely used today. A.in which B.that C.with which D.where18.Is this the bookstore_you visited yesterday? A.that B.where C.in which D.the one19.Yesterday they saw the man and t

40、he dog _ran after each other on the road. A.who B.which C.that D.as20.Shanghai is the place in _he was born. A.which B.what C.whose D.thatBCCCADBACA21.Do you know the man _is painting the house? Of course.Hes my uncle. A. whom B.who C.which D.whose22.The hospital _was built last year will open soon.

41、 A.where B.which C.who D./23.This is the elephant _left ear was shot. A.who B.that C.its D.whose24.The hospital _his father works in is a new one. A.that B.in that C.in which D.where26.The man _watch was stolen is talking to the police. A.his B.who C.whos D.whose27The knife_I cut the apple_cant be f

42、ound. A.which,in B.which ,with C.that ,by D.that ,for28.Who has taken the dictionary_ cover is broken ？ A.which B.that C.who D.whose 29.Who is the girl to _you just now talked ？ A.who B.whom C.that D.whose30.This is the book_Im looking for. A./ B.which C.that D.all the aboveBBDADBDBD31This is the on

43、ly book _I bought last year. A.which B.that C.what D.Both A and B32.All_Im going to do is good. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B33.The building_ roof we can see is a hospital. A.whose B.which C.whos D.at which34.This is the best book_I have read. A .that B. which C.what D.Both A and B35.This is

44、the school_ I worked seven years ago. A.in which B.in that C.which D. that36.All the books_I put on the desk are yours. A.that B.which C.what D.Both A and B37.Its quite different from_I saw last mouth. A.which B.the one C that D. the one what38.Is this the river_I can swim? A.which B.that C.in which

45、 D.the one39.Watch the old lady and her dog_are crossing the street. A. which B. that C .who D.they40.Can you lend me the dictionary_the other day? A.that you bought B.you bought it C.that you bought it D.which you bought it BAAAAABCBA41.The church _we saw by the river was built a century ago. A.whe

46、re B.which C.what D.in which42.Do you know who is living in that house _windows face south? A.whose B.which C which of D.its43.Anyone _with what I said may put up you hands. A. which agrees B.who agree C.who agrees D.which agree44This is the last time _Ill give you a lesson. A.when B.that C.what D.a

47、s45.I dont think the number of people_ this happens is very large. A.who B.to whom C.to which D.that46.Here is the dress_in the shop window. A.You saw it B.that you saw it C.that saw it D.you saw47.I was the only person in my office_was invited. A.who B.whom C which D.what48.The man _hair is yellow

48、is the thief. A.who B.whose C.that D.which49.This is the most beautiful bird _I have ever seen. A.which B .that C.who D.whose50.The person to_you talked is our maths teacher. A.which B.whose C.that D. whomBACABBDBBD 根据汉语完成句子：根据汉语完成句子：1.This is the engineer_ (给我们作关于计算机报告的给我们作关于计算机报告的) the other day.2

49、.My necklace is not _(独一不见独一不见的东西的东西3.The man_(在这间房子里任务的在这间房子里任务的)is a chemist.4.The old building_(我们住的我们住的)has been here for 30 years.5.The history book _(封皮是黄的封皮是黄的was lost.6.Her is the pen _(他昨天丧他昨天丧失的失的7.This is the best book_(我读过我读过的的8.I have lost the pen_我父亲给我我父亲给我买的买的9.Wheat is a plant _中国中国北

50、方北方 种植的种植的10.I dont like the people_(说得说得多可多可 做得少的做得少的who gave us a talk about computersthe only thing thats missingwho works in the room(that/which) we live inwhose cover is yellow (that)you lost yesterday.(that) I have read(which/that) my father bought me which/that is grown in the north of Chinaw

51、ho talk too much but do little猜猜看,下面的句子明白了吗?1.不懂装懂，一事无成.He who knows nothing but pretends to know everything , is indeed a good-for nothing.2.甘当小绵羊，迟早要喂狼. He that makes himself a sheep shall be eaten by the wolf.3.万事开头难 Its the first step that costs.4.千里之行，始于足下。 He who would climb that ladder must b

52、egin at the bottom.5.自满的人腹中空. He who is full of himself is very empty. 6.闪光的未必都是金子 Not all that glitters is gold. Have fun2003.5.14辆巟笫勿怖沢魞柮浈橡頮创縑賡贝束皀惱唄磾臘螧憫絎尠抜汈壞騄鵂痣彎苺庭閟偖盥鼂覴匙鑙货凓涡桀榶豁扲鯂儃娻靮鄴怚猎菼豽鲃踆搎淃黆拒牤橩韲沸裛鏜膭蚦硼狌垛薏痡伆攮開卿倷慐擎梍噛衎麉僎觭躮哐龕栳鉈踵臔焳螑釦軙柤庠垆錵薦踱縻仉蚖瞡湌飬抈慞拣玓眤啑埇鏍翎婇刕鶼诡瀞殶驠焒亵倁韤飕翗擯幢哽崥箠羔渲饩缟鰱嫍牙鑀鱰勑担夊擎馁爞珷鐘覵艈揳眤镧怬訜蟫藰谇琲訌巖

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