小学英语语法入门[共39页]

1、小学英语语法入门（一）接数字要大写首字母的单词有些单词接数字时必须大写首字母,并且数字的首字母也要大写,这样的单词有lesson、grade、class、team、row、number 等。如 Lesson One 第一课, Class Two, Grade Three三年级二班, Team Four 第四组, Number Five 第五号。但是它们不接数字时不大写首字母。Be 动词的一般用法be 动词包括 am、is、are, 其用法如下：1. am 只用于 I 的后面,如： I am a girl. I am ten.2. is 只用于 she/he/it 或其他单数第三人称后面,如：I

2、t is a big apple.A girl is in a bus.(a girl 一个女孩,单独一个人是单数第三人称 )Mike is in Team Three.(Mike 一个人名是单数第三人称 )An apple is in a box.(an apple 一个苹果,一个东西是单数第三人称 )A book is in a desk.(a book 一本书,也是单数第三人称 )3. are 只用于 you、we、they 或复数人称后面。如：You are Number Thirteen.They are in Grade Nine.We are at home.Mike and a

3、 girl are in a bus. (Mike 和一个女孩指的是两个人,是复数人称 )Six boys are in Team Six. （Six boys 六个男孩,多于两个人也是复数人称）A book and a box are on a desk.（A book and a box 一本书和一个盒子,两个物是复数人称）Three pencils are in the pencil-box. （Three pencils 三支铅笔,多于两个物也是复数人称）如何变一般疑问句（一）1. 提前原句中的 be 动词 is、are,Be 动词首字母要大写,原句首字母恢复小写,照抄剩余部分,然后加

4、问号。举例如下： Tom is in Grade One.Is Tom in Grade One? Yes, he is. / No, he isn t. This is an eggIs this an egg? Yes, it is. / No, it isn t.(aengg 是物,所以用 it 来回答 ) That is RoseIs that Rose? Yes, she is. / No, sheisn （t.Rose 是女孩,所以用 she回答） This is TomIs this Tom? Yes, he is. /No, he isn （t.Tom 是男孩,所以用 he 回

5、答） They are in Class Nine.Are they in Class Nine? Yes, they are. / No, they aren t. A cat and a dog are on the floor.Are a cat and a dog on the floor? Yes, they are. / No, they aren t. Many birds are flying in the sky.Are many birds flying in the sky? Yes, they are. / No, they aren t.2. 提前情态动词 can ,

6、举例如下： She can spell clock.Can she spell clock? Yes, she can. / No, she can t. Max can say the numbers.Can Max say the numbers? Yes, he can. / No, he can t. They can speak very good English.Can they speak very good English? Yes, they can. / No, they can t.如何变一般疑问句（二）变一般疑问句,所涉及的所有第一人称都要改成第二人称（特殊除外）。即：

7、 I(me) you, we(us) you, am are, my your, mine yours.1. I am Number Six.Are you Number Six? Yes, I am. / No, I mnot.2. We are in Team Four.Are you in Team Four? Yes, we are. / No, we aren t.3. This is my classroom.Is this your lassroom? Yes, it is. / No, it isn t.练习：变一般疑问句1. We are in the same grade.

8、2. I am in Class Six.3. That is my sister.练习：变一般疑问句并作两种回答1. Eve is in a bus.2. This is an orange.3. That is Mrs Zhang.4. This is Mr Hu.5. Kate can ride a bike.6. Tom and a girl are in the classroom.7. They are Japanese.8. Lucy and Lily can speak Chinese.如何变一般疑问句（三）一、如果句中谓语动词是 have/has got,则提前 have/h

9、as。（注意：有 some 要改成 any, 有第一人称要改成第二人称,有第二人称要改成第一人称。 ）1. I vgeo t a knife.Have you got a knife? Yes, I have. / No, I haven t.2. Tomsgot some good friends.Has Tom got any good friends? Yes, he has. / No, he hasn t.练习一：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。1. Simonsgot some postcards from Mexico.2. Laura gsot a violin.3. I

10、vgeo t a piano.4. Shesgot a knife and fork and chopsticks.二、如果句中谓语动词是动词原形,则在句首加 do；如果句中谓语动词是第三人称单数,则在句首加 does,原动词第三人称单数恢复原形； 如果句中谓语动词是过去式, 则在句首加 did,原动词过去式恢复原形。1. I often sing songs on Flag Day.Do you often sing songs on Flag Day?Yes, I do. / No, I dont.2. Kate always has Easter Eggs on Easter.Does

11、Kate always have Easter Eggs on Easter? Yes, she does. / No, shedoesn t.3. We ate zongzi last Dragon Boat Festival.Did you eat zongzi last Dragon Boat Festival? Yes, we did. / No, we didn t.4. I meating delicious moon cakes now.Are you eating delicious moon cakes now? Yes, I am. / No, I mnot.5. Fath

12、er Christmas often gives you presents on Christmas.Does Father Christmas often give us presents on Christmas? Yes, he does. / No, he doesn t.练习二：将下列句子变一般疑问句并作两种回答。1. I sometimes get up at 6:00.2. Rose never dances on Halloween.3. They watched a big football game last Thanksgiving.4. Tom and Mike are

13、 swimming in the lake.5. Santa Claus always gives you presents on Christmas.变特殊疑问句一般分三步：第一步：根据划线部分确定疑问词。第二步：将原句变成一般疑问句。第三步：去掉划线部分,并加问号。三步当中以第一步最难确定,现总结如下：如何变特殊疑问句（一）1. 对姓名提问用 What ,例如 His name is Max.Whats/ What is his name? Her name is Rose.Whats/ What is her name?2. 对物提问用 What,例如 It is a banana.Wh

14、ats/What is it? This is a pear.Whats/ What is this? That is a chick.Whats/ What is that?3. 对年级提问用 What grade ,例如 Tom is in Grade Six.What grade is Tom in? She is in Grade Nine.What grade is she in?练习：变特殊疑问句1. That is a bag.2. His name is Sam.3. This is a blackboard.4. Amy is in Grade Eight.5. He is

15、in Grade Seven.如何变特殊疑问句（二）1. 对班级提问用 What class Tom is in Class One, Grade Two.What class is Tom in? I am in Class Six, Grade Three.What class are you in? We are in Class Four, Grade Six.What class are you in?2. 对组、队提问用 What team I am in Team Nine.What team are you in? We are in Team Ten.What team ar

16、e you in? Lingling is in Team Eleven.What team is Lingling in?练习：变特殊疑问句1. Daming is in Team Twelve.2. I min Class Six, Grade Nine.3. We are in Team Five.选择疑问句选择疑问句是由一般疑问句 +or+其他组成的供选择的句子。1. Is this a pen or a pencil?It aspen.2. Are you English or American?I man American.(注意： 1,择疑问句 or 前面的单词要读声调, or

17、后面的要读降调。 2,择疑问句不能用 yes或 no 回答,只能在 or 前后选择。 )练习：将下列句子与所给成分合并为选择疑问句并适当回答1. Are you in Class One?(Class Two)2. Can you speak Chinese?(Japanese)3. Do you like playing basketball?(football)4. Would you like some milk?(some juice)5. Is he Tom?(Sam)如何变特殊疑问句（三）1.对人提问用 Who,对人名提问用 what(一句话中有单词 name,并在 name 下划

18、线,疑问词就要用 What；如果没有单词 name,并在人名下划线,疑问词就要用 Who。) She is Kate.Who is she? Her name is Kate.What is her name? This boy is Jim.Who is this boy? His name is Jim.What is his name? That woman is Ms Smart.Who is that woman? Her name is Ms Smart.What is her name?2.对年龄提问用 How old. She is nine.How old is she?.

19、Eve is ten.How old is Eve?3.对排、行提问用 What row. Mike is in Row Nine.What row is Mike in?. He is in Row Five.What row is he in?. I min Row Four.What row are you in?4. 对地点提问用 Where. Mike is on the hill.Where is Mike?. The cat is in the box.Where is the cat?. A pear is on the chair.Where is the pear?(上句出

20、现 a,下句用 the 特指 )练习：变特殊疑问句1. Coy is in a bus.2. Laura is in Row Five.3. Rose is twelve.4. The girl is Lucy.5. I am at school.6. That man is Mr Hu.7. I mtwenty.8. A woman is in the room.9. Her name is Lucy.10. I am Mr Wang.如何变特殊疑问句（四）一. 对长度提问用 How long1. The Great Wall is thousands of kilometers.How l

21、ong is the Great Wall?2. The Changjiang River is about twelve thousand Li long.How long is the Changjiang River?二. 对人口数量提问用 How big is+ 地名？1. Beijing has got about 14 million people.How big is Beijing?2. New York has got 8 million people.How big is New York?练习：1. The Yellow River is about 5thousand

22、4hundred kilometers long.2. Shanghai has got about 17 million people.3. Heilongjiang is about four thousand three hundred kilometers long.4. San Francisco has got about eight hundred thousand people.如何变特殊疑问句（五）一、对时间提问用 When。1. Christmas is on December 25thWhen is Christmas?2. April Fools Day is on A

23、pril 1stWhen is April Fools Day?练习一：对划线部分提问1. Halloween is on October 31st.2. Easter Sunday is on the first Sunday after April 21st.3. Children Dasy is on June 1st.4. Thanksgiving is on the fourth Thursday in November.二、对数量提问用 How many+ 可数名词复数或 How much + 不可数名词。1. I can see three birds in the sky.Ho

24、w many birds can you see in the sky?2. I vgeo t two brothers.How many brothers have you got?3. There are twenty-six girls in Class Four.How many girls are there in Class 4?4. There is some bread in the bag.How much bread is there in the bag?5. Shesgot a lot of apples.How many apples has she got?练习二：

25、对划线部分提问1. There are thirty-three boys in Grade 9.2. I vgeo t lots of toys.3. There is some juice in the bottle.4. H esgot a lot of stamps.5. I can see many monkeys in the zoo.6. There are lots of festivals in America.三、对所做事情提问用 What。（注意：如果划线部分是动词原形、第三人称单数或过去式,都要用 do 替代划线部分；如果划线部分是动词现在分词,则用 doing 替代划

26、线部分。 ）1. We carry flags on Flag Day.What do you do on Flag Day?2. He has a special meal on the Spring Festival.What does he do on the Spring Festival?3. She is singing songs now.What is she doing now?4. The cat ate a bird last night.What did the cat do last night?练习三：对划线部分提问1. They often watch TV on

27、 Saturdays.2. I mplaying computer games now.3. She goes to school from Monday to Friday.4. I visited my relatives last Spring Festival.5. We are seeing the dragon dance.6. He ate lots of moon cakes last Mid-autumn Day.7. We see lanterns on Lantern Festival.8. We eat jiaozi on Spring Festival.9. We s

28、ay“Thankyou. ”on Thanksgiving.10. They give Easter Eggs to each others on Easter.四、对职业提问用 What be +sb? / Whatssbjsob? / What do(es) sb do?1. She is a teacher.What is she? / Whatsher job? / What does she do?2. I ma doctor.What are you? / Whatsyour job? / What do you do?练习四：对划线部分提问1. Lily is a student

29、.2. Mr Smart is a driver.3. We are pupils.4. They are teachers.英语中的打电话英语中的打电话,通常是接电话者自报号码,如 Hello, 89321204. 我是 XXX ,不说 I m, ,而说 This is , 。你是 XXX 吗？不用 Are you , ？而说 Is that, ？你是谁？不用 Who are you?而说 Whosthat?人名+s的用法（一）1. 人名 +是s 人名与 is 的缩写 ,表示 XXX 是, 。. Tomsat home. (Tom 是在家 ). Katesin a bus.（Kate 是在大

30、众汽车上）2. 人名 +是s 名词所有格,表示 XXX 的。. Mikespen is in the pencil-box. （Mike 的钢笔是在文具盒里）. Coyshome is in England. （Coy 的家是在 England）3. 人名 +是s 人名与 has 的缩写,表示 XXX 有, 。. Simons gota big bag. (Simon 有一个大书包。 ). Lily gsot a brother and two sisters.(Lily 有一个哥哥和两个妹妹。 )练习：翻译下列句子1. Tomsdad is at home.2. Jim ast home t

31、oday.3. I mJim dsad.4. Eveson a hill.5. Li Lei gsot a pet dog.6. Kate ins a bus.7. Mike spen is in the pencil-box.8. Coyshome is in England.9. Lucy sgot a good father.10. Tomsat home.小学英语语法入门（二）名词复数一、规则变化：1. 一般在名词词尾加 s,如： a desk two desks , an apple three apples2. 以 s、x 结尾的在名词词尾加 es,如： a box four bo

32、xes , a bus five buses二、名词复数的读音1.加在清辅音后面的 s发 s,如： deskdesks,mapmaps2.加在浊辅音后面的 s发 z,如： eggeggs,girlgirls3.加在元音后面的 s发,如： carcars,treetrees4.加在 s、x 后的 es发 ,如： busbuses, boxboxes5.加在 音素后与其合发 ,如： catcats6.加在 音素后与其合发 ,如： bedbeds7.加在 音素后发 ,如： orangeoranges练习：将下列名词变复数并标注所加的 s或 es的发音cake desk jeep book map b

33、ike clock cup girl lesson apple egg pen pencileraser boy tree picture ruler car dress fox bus box boat cat friend bird orange三、不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice ,child-children ,foot-feet, tooth-teeth ,fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Ja

34、panese-Japanese代词(一)人称代词主格你 我 他 她 它 你们 我们 他/她/它们 you I he she it you we they人称代词宾格你 我 他 她 它 你们 我们 他/她/它们 you me him her it you us them形容词性物主代词你的 我的 他的 她的 它的 你们的 我们的 他/她/它们的 your my his her its your our their名词性物主代词你的 我的 他的 她的 它的 你们的 我们的 他/她/它们的 yours mine his hers its yours ours theirs1.人称代词主格用在动词前,

35、做动作的执行者,在句中作主语。I look.He can see a bird.They have a good teacher.2. 人称代词宾格用在动词或介词后,做动作的承受者,在句中作宾语。Look at me, please.I can see her in the bus.Please ask them3. 形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词,主要用在名词前修饰、限制名词,但是不可单独使用。This is my friend.That ysour orange.Her name is Rose.Miss Li is our teacher.Those are their bananas

36、.4. 名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,可用于动词前或动词后,可单独使用。This is my desk.= This desk is mineA: Those are their apples. Where are ours?B: Yours are in the box.练习一：完成下表人称代词主格：你 我 她 他 它 你们 我们 他（它）（她）们人称代词宾格：你 我 她 他 它 你们 我们 他（它）（她）们名词性物主代词：我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她）（它）们的练习二：根据汉语提示完成下列各题1. sing, dance all day. This is life.

37、( 我)2. is English. name is Jack. (他)3. is Rose and this is desk., That chair is , too. (她)4. ask me, I ask . (他们)5. can ride a bike? This is bike. That bike isn t . (你)6. is a cat. name is Tam. Can you see in the picture? ( 它)7. Look at , please. are Chinese. Miss Li is English teacher. (我们)hundred、

38、thousand、million 、billion当 hundred、thousand、million 、billion 前面有具体数量词的时候,它们是数量词, 没有复数变化,如 : a thousand, three thousand, eight million 等；当它们前面没有具体的数量词时,则它们是名词,总以 复数形式 出现,表示数量之多,但不确定,一定要与介词 of 组成短语之后才能修饰名词 , 如：hundreds of boys 数百男孩, thousands of birds 数千只鸟, millions of people数百万人, If I had billions an

39、d billions of dollars （数十亿美元）, I will buy you everything you want. but thats impossible. haha.练习：选择正确参考答案1. There are volunteers in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games.A. ten millions B. ten millions of C. millions of D. million of2. Many trees should be planted on the mountains.A. thousand B. thousand of C.

40、 thousands D. thousands of3. More than five _ people are there.A. thousands B. thousand C. thousands of4.- How many people will come to Beijing for the Olympic Games in 2008?- Its hard to say. _ people, I think.A. Million of B. Millions of C. Two millions of D. Two million of基数词基数词是表示数量的词,如下：one two

41、 three four five .Hundred thousand million1.几十几用整十加连字符“ -”再加几,如：34： thirty-four 98 ： ninety-eight2.几百几十几用几百 and 几十几,如：112：a hundred and twelve 375 ： three hundred and seventy-five序数词1.序数词是表示顺序的词,如下：first 第一, second 第二, third 第三, fourth 第四 .2.基数词变序数词,一般都在基数词词尾加 th,其规律如下：一二三要全变, （onefirst , two second

42、,three third ）其余将 th 加后边,（four fourth,fifty-seven fifty-seventh ）th变化有特例, （如下）八减 t,（eighteighth）九去 e,（nineninth）ty 改成 tie,（twenty twentieth,ninety ninetieth）ve变f 再加 th。（five fifth ,twelve twelfth ）基数词变序数词记忆口诀：基变序,有规律,词尾加上 th 。一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母 t,d,d。八去 t,九除 e,ve 要用 f 替,ty 将 y变成 i,th 前面有个 e。若是碰到几十几,前用基来

43、后用序小学英语语法入门（三）方位名词与方位介词1. 方位名词N means north, S means south, W means west and E meanseast. NE means northeast, SE means southeast, NW meansnorthwest and SW means southwest.mean 代表,意思是north 北 south 南 west 西 east 东2. 方位介词：包含 in,接壤 on,相望 to. B is in the north of A. (B 在 A 的北部 ). C is in the west of A. (

44、C 在 A 的西部 ). F is on the north of A. (F 在的北边 ). I is on the south of G .(在的南边 ). G is to the west of A. ( 在的西边 ). H is to the east of A. ( 在的东边 )练习一：翻译下列句子 北京在中国的北部。2. 上海在中国的东部。3. 旧金山在美国的西部。4. 海南在中国的南部。5. 日本在中国的东边。6. Russia（俄罗斯）在中国的北边。练习二：看右图,用正确的方位名词或方位介词填空。1. E is the south of A.2. D is in the of

45、A.3. G is the north of I.4. G is the west of C.5. J is the northeast of A.There be句型一、There be+sb（某人） /sth（某物） +someplace（某处）,表示在某地有某人或某物。当be 后是单数名词时, be 用 is,后面是复数名词时 be 用 are。1. There is a bird in the tree. ( 在树上有一只鸟。 )2. There is a book on the desk. (在桌子上有一本书。 )3. There are two boys on the hill.

46、( 在山上有两个男孩。 )练习一：仿照例句翻译下列句子1. There is a pencil in the pencil-box.2. There are some footballs on the playground.3. 在桌子里有一个书包。4. 在椅子上有一个茶杯。5. 在六年二班有 27 个女孩。二、There be+sb/sth+doing+someplace. 表示有某人或某物正在某地做某事。1. There is a man swimming in the river. ( 有一个男人正在河里游泳。 )2. There are some people riding bicyc

47、les. ( 有一些人正在骑自行车。 )练习二：翻译下列句子1. There is a girl reading a book under the tree.2. There is a woman listening to music.3. There are two teachers talking in the office.4. There is a man sitting on the chair.三、There be 句型变一般疑问句,只需要提前 be,但有 some 要改成 any。1. There are some pears in the bag.Are there any p

48、ears in the bag? Yes, there are./No, there aren t.2. There is a dog playing with Coy.Is there a dog playing with Coy? Yes, there is. /No, there isn t.练习三：变一般疑问句并作两种回答1. There is a Chinatown in America.2. There is some water in Mars.3. There are some oranges in your bag.四、对此句型中的人提问用 Whos+someplace?对物

49、提问用 Whats+someplace?（注意：不论原句中 be 动词是单数还是复数,对人对物提问一律用 is）1. There is a little girl in the room.Whosin the room?2. There are some birds in the tree.Whatsin the tree?练习四：变特殊疑问句1. There is a man talking to Mr Li.2. There are some books in my bag.3. There is a postcard on the desk.4. There are some peopl

50、e talking under the tree.五、对地点提问用 Where +is/are +sb/sth?1 There are two boys in the classroom.Where are the two boys?2. There is a cat on the bed.Where is the cat?(注意： 对地点提问时 be 动词要和原句保持一致。 原句中人或物如果是复数, 变特殊疑问句时要在数字前加 the,如果是单数要把 a/an 改成 the,如果有 some,lots of ,a lot of,many 等都要改成 the。)练习五：变特殊疑问句1. The

51、re is an orange on the chair.2. There are four girls in the classroom.3. There is a woman in the bus.4. There are a Chinatown in America.5. There are lots of boys and girls on the playground.小学英语语法入门（四）一、动词的现在分词变化动词的现在分词变化规则如下：1一般情况下,直接加 ing,如： cook-cooking2以不发音的 e 结尾,去 e 加 ing,如： make-making, taste

52、-tasting3如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加 ing ,如：run-running, stop-stopping练习、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_ run_ swim _make_ go_ like_ write_ski_ read_ have_ sing _dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_ sit _现在进行时现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。在小学与初中阶段现在进行时常会伴随这样的标志词： Look ！Lis

53、ten! Now.1现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为 be+动词现在分词（ doing）. Look! She is dancing in the classroom. Listen! Rose is singing. Now we are doing our homework.2现在进行时的否定句在 be 后加 not。. I am not running now. I mriding. They arenptlaying the violin. They are playing the guitar.3现在进行时的一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。. Tom is listening to m

54、usic.Is Tom listening to music? Yes, he is. /No, he isn t. They are walking in the park.Are they walking in the park? Yes, they are. /No, they aren t. I am having my PE lesson.Are you having your PE lesson? Yes, I am/No, I mnot. We are watching TV at home.Are you watching TV at home? Yes, we are. /N

55、o, we aren t.练习一：用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1. The boy (draw)a picture now.2. Listen .Some girls (sing)in the classroom.3. My mother cook)some nice food now.4. What you (do) now?5. Look. They (have)an English lesson.6. They (not ,water) the flowers now.7. Look! The girls (dance )in the classroom .8. What is our granddaughter doing? She (listen ) to m