必修3名词性从句——同位语从句

1、Grammar 本节课的主要任务 什么是名词性从句？名词性从句有哪几种？你能举出一些例子吗？ 什么是同位语从句？如何正确使用同位语从句的引导词？ 同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别是什么?该如何区分呢?什么是名词性从句？名词性从句有哪几种？你能举出一些例子吗？ noun clausessubjective clause主语从句主语从句objective clause宾语从句宾语从句predicative clause表语从句表语从句appositive clause同位语从句同位语从句 What kind of noun clauses are they?1.What it was to

2、 become was a mystery.2. I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3. His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4. The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.名词性从句什么是同位语？什么是同位语？一个名词对另一个名词或一个名词对另一个名词或代词代词进行修饰，限定进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词就是同位语。同位语与被它或说明，这个名词就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨

3、在一起。限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。 Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us. 我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。 （Mr. Smith是主词是主词our new teacher的同位的同位语语,指同一人。）指同一人。） Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers. 昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。 a friend of my brothers是是Tom的同的同位语位语,指同一人。指同一人。 什么是同位语从句？ appos

4、itive clause 同位语从句同位语从句 在复合句中作同位语的句子叫做同位语从句。 同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在ideaidea，planplan，factfact，theorytheory，promisepromise，hopehope，newsnews，doubtdoubt，truthtruth，informationinformation，suggestionsuggestion，questionquestion， thoughtthought，beliefbelief，conclusionconclusion等名词后面且大多为抽象名词。同位语从句

5、一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。我听到了我们队获胜的消息。同位语从句对先行词同位语从句对先行词进一步解释进一步解释, 说明先行词的说明先行词的具具体内容体内容;(同位语从句同位语从句, 解释说明解释说明news到底是一个什到底是一个什么消息么消息)He told me the news that he would come back from abroad soon. (同位语从句是消息的具体内容) 他告诉我一个消息他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国他马

6、上要从国外回国.你没有足够的时间去完成这项工作你没有足够的时间去完成这项工作, 这个事实简直这个事实简直令人难以置信令人难以置信.The fact that you dont have enough time to finish this work is very unbelievable.(同位语从句是事实的具体内容)The idea that we can make a trip to Canada is quite exciting.要你起早贪黑地工作要你起早贪黑地工作, 这个命令很残忍这个命令很残忍.The order that you should work from dawn ti

7、ll dusk is very cruel. 去加拿大旅行的想法令我们兴奋不已去加拿大旅行的想法令我们兴奋不已. 如何正确使用同位语从句的引导词？如何正确使用同位语从句的引导词？ .如果从句句子如果从句句子意思完整且确定的事情意思完整且确定的事情应应 该用该用_来引导来引导. .如果从句不完整表示如果从句不完整表示不确定的事情不确定的事情(含含“是否是否”之意之意)，应该用，应该用 _ 来引导来引导. The problem _the sports meet will be held is being discussed. thatwhetherwhether3. 如果从句的意义不完整需要增加

8、如果从句的意义不完整需要增加“什么事情，什么事情，什么时候，什么地点，什么方式什么时候，什么地点，什么方式, 为什么为什么”等含等含义的时候义的时候,应该分别用应该分别用_、_、_ 、_、_来引导来引导.这些引导词在从句中有各自这些引导词在从句中有各自的意义和成分。的意义和成分。I have no idea _has happened to him.I have no idea _we can spend our holiday.I have no idea _ I can get to the railway station.He has worked out the problem _th

9、e watch doesnt work.whatwhenwherehowwhywhatwherehowwhy4.Suggestion ,proposal, advice,order等词后接同位语等词后接同位语从句时，从句常用从句时，从句常用_语气语气. 即即: ( _ ) + 动词原形动词原形eg. The suggestion _ the plan _ be delayed (延迟延迟) will be discussed tomorrow. .虚拟虚拟shouldthatshould同位语从句与同位语从句与that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句（1）从先行词看 同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是

10、“主语+be+表语”的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的_ 。例如：They were delighted at the news that their team had won.The news was that their team had won.它们的区别是什么它们的区别是什么?该如何区分呢该如何区分呢?抽象名词抽象名词(2)从引导词来看,that在同位语从句中和定从有什么作用，充当什么成分?是否可以省略?(根据下面例句，找出结论) 引导词that在同位语从句中是_，只起_作用，无具体词义，that_省略；that在定语从句中是_词，它在从句中充当一定成分主语或宾语，有具体词意，作宾语时_

11、省略. The factory (that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one. The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.连词连词连接连接可以可以关系代关系代可以可以(3)同位语从句的简易判断方法 同位语从句与其先行词在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的同位语关系。所以，可以在名词和从句之间加系动词be，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，则原句为同位语从句；定语从句是不能够用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。 The belief that the earth is flat is st

12、ill held in some countries. The belief is that the earth is flat.根据所学的判断方法,判断下列句子分别属于哪种从句1.A The reason why he was late for the meeting sounds reasonable B He has solved the problem why the radio did not work well.2. A. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the world. B. The news that

13、 you told me yesterday was really disappointing.3. A. The news that our team has won was exciting B. The news that our teacher has told us is interesting They are familiar with the that all matter consists of atoms. Where did you get the idea that I could not come. We havent yet settled the question

14、 where we are going to spend our summer vocation. The fact that we could go to France terrifies many people.找出下面句子的先行词找出下面句子的先行词,引导词和同位语部分引导词和同位语部分1.The question is _the film is worth seeing. A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once. A .which B. when C. / D .

15、that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A

16、. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soonCDCABDB单项填空单项填空8. - I saw your neighbor break y

17、our window with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. A. That he broke B. What he broke C. He broke D. His break9.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time. A.how B. that C. when D. what10.- Can I help you? - Yes, do you know _? A. when comes the bus B. when will come

18、the bus C. when does the bus come D. when the bus comes11. He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich. A. that B. if C. what D. that if12. They lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was _ night began to fall. A. what; that B. it; that C. what; when D. which; whatAADDA Answers to the exercise 2 on page 37 in the text book 1. The possibility that the weathe