英语国家社会与文化

1、LiteratureLiterature English literature emerged in the late 14th century. Geoffrey Chaucers Canterbury Tales remains a popular 14th-century work which readers still enjoy today. Following the introduction of the printing press into England in the next century , there was an era of a great flourishin

2、g of literature , especially in the fields of poetry and drama . From this period , poet and playwright William Shakespeare stands out as arguably the most famous writer in the world. The Elizabethan period of the late 16th and early 17th century saw a flowering of the drama . Perhaps the most famou

3、s playwright in the world , William Shakespeare are still performed in theatres across the world to this day.TragediesTragedies HamletHamlet（哈姆雷特）（哈姆雷特） OthelloOthello（奥赛罗）（奥赛罗）, , king Learking Lear（李尔王）（李尔王） TimonTimon of of AthensAthens( (雅典的泰门雅典的泰门)ComediesComediesThe stormThe storm（暴风雨）（暴风雨）Lov

4、e in vainLove in vain（爱的徒劳）（爱的徒劳）The winters The winters taletale（冬天的故事）（冬天的故事） Romeo and Romeo and JulietJuliet（罗密（罗密欧与朱丽叶）欧与朱丽叶）Historical Historical plays plays Henry ivHenry iv（亨利四世）（亨利四世）Henry vHenry v（亨利五世）（亨利五世）King JohnKing John（约翰王）（约翰王）Richard iiRichard ii（理查二世）（理查二世） The English romantici

5、sm is often dated to the joint publication by William Wordsworth and Samuel Coleridge of Lyrical Ballads in 1798,a time when there was a revolution in France , and in Britain , a movement for social change.All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. - William Wordsworth 所有的好诗都是

6、炽烈情感的自然涌流。nTime: nIt prevailed in England during the period 17981832; nBeginning: Lyrical Ballads in 1798nEnd: death of Walter Scott in 1832English Romanticism nMain features: Imagination Imagination is the supreme faculty of the mind. Imagination can change and create. Imagination can unify differe

7、nt elements into a complex whole. Suggested poem The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel ColeridgeEnglish Romanticism nRepresentatives: Wordsworth, Coleridge, Shelley, Byron and KeatsEnglish RomanticismNovels The romantic period of the early 19th century showed a flowering of poetry . However , th

8、e Victorian period was the golden age of the realistic English novel , which reflects social life of the day . Though the storys setting is unique in the 19th century , the works are widely read by modern readers , and still receive considerable attention from literary critics.1. Northanger Abbey诺桑觉

9、寺2. Sense and Sensibility理智与情感3. Pride and Prejudice傲慢与偏见4 4. Mansfield Park 曼斯菲尔德花园5. Emma爱玛6. Persuasion劝告Englands literary folle - The Bronte SistersCharlotte Bronte(1816-1855) Emily Bront(18181848) Anne Bront(1820-1849)The Bronte SistersCharlotte Bronte（Jane Eyre） 简爱 1847 （Shirley） 雪莉 1849（Ville

10、tte） 维莱特 1853 （The Professor） 教师 1857 Writing style 在写作风格上，夏洛蒂也独树一帜。她文笔简洁而传神，质朴而生动，加之第一人称的叙述语言，使得小说贴近读者，贴近现实。同时，小说又体现了欧洲浪漫主义文学传统的特点，显示出作者丰富的想象力和诗人的气质。作者在叙述中自然地使用了梦境、幻觉、预感和象征、隐喻等手法，使小说的“自然”境界扑朔朦胧，情节扣人心弦Emily BrontWuthering heights 欧美文学中的哥特传统是研究呼啸山庄的创作源泉的一个重要课题，艾米莉勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统，同

11、时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力，将现实与超现实融为一体，给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度、新鲜活力，达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一，使呼啸山庄具有永恒的艺术魅力。Writing styleAnne BrontAgnes Grey 艾格妮斯格雷The Tenant of Wildfell Hall怀尔德菲尔府的房客 她笔下的小说就如同她本人，给人一种恬静的感觉，主人公都有着纯洁的品德，勇敢地追求独立和幸福，这也是安妮内心的写照。安 妮的作品直率和明晰更像是18世纪的作品，而不像她所处的维多利亚时代的作家风格。 Charles Dickens The greatest representativ

12、e of English critical realism1 1 Sketches by Sketches by BozBoz (1836) (1836)博兹特写集博兹特写集, the first book , the first book 3. 3. Oliver TwistOliver Twist (1837-1838) (1837-1838)奥克佛奥克佛特维斯特特维斯特，雾都孤儿雾都孤儿 4.4. Bleak House(1852-1853) Bleak House(1852-1853) 荒凉山庄荒凉山庄5. Hard Times(1854) 5. Hard Times(1854) 艰难

13、时世艰难时世6.A Tale of Two Cities(1859) 6.A Tale of Two Cities(1859) 双城记双城记 5) Great Expectations(1860-1861)5) Great Expectations(1860-1861) 远大前远大前程程6) Our Mutual Friend6) Our Mutual Friend (1864-1865) (1864-1865) 我们的共同朋友我们的共同朋友Major Works WorksThe Voyage Out, 1915 出海Night and Day, 1919 日夜Jacob s Room, 1922 雅各的房间Mrs. Dalloway, 1925 黛洛维夫人To the Lighthouse, 1927 到灯塔去Orlando, 1928 奥尔兰多The Waves, 1931 海浪The Years, 1937 年月Between the Acts, 1941 幕与幕之间弗吉尼亚.伍尔夫 an English novelist