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采用超前-滞后补偿方案某型鱼雷航向控制系统设计

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西北工业大学明德学院本科毕业设计论文英文文献翻译专业名称 自动化 学生姓名 李伯培 指导教师 金文凯 毕业时间 2014.07 9外文原文:Wire-guided torpedoCharacteristics of wire-guided torpedoWith a small wire or fiber launch platform (ships, aircraft or shore based) with the torpedo connected, launch pad fire control system and lightning protection device on contact, used for torpedo control, guide the torpedoes approaching, capturing and attacking enemy ships, the torpedo was wire-guided torpedo.Therefore, it has incomparable advantages other torpedo. Capture target of probability high on distance far, and speed big, and maneuver performance strong of target, in target movement elements determination errors larger, and torpedo itself launches spread larger or since guide role distance more short Shi, torpedo capture target of probability will quickly reduced, and line guide torpedo launches Hou by launches ships directly manipulation, can has been guide torpedo guide target, greatly improve has capture target of probability.Launch quickly Torpedo must precise determination of target motion parameters can be set for the torpedo firing parameters, and finally the torpedo shot. Such as the use of wire-guided torpedo, the detection equipment on a preliminary basis for estimating target azimuth range torpedoes can be fired, then accurate determination of target motion elements, through amendments and guidance at any time. This buys time, against a preemptive strike.Strong anti-interference Capability for wire-guided torpedo launching ship direct manipulation, interference of all its equipment will not work, therefore, greatly improving the anti-interference capability of the torpedo. Good effect of attacking when the torpedo guidance, are not subject to its own noise interference, improves the speed of enemy torpedo, shortening the time from launch to hit, reducing effectiveness of evasive maneuvers.Flexible wire-guided Torpedo could shoot from a single Ray or Ray Salvo, guided by launching warship fire control systems, respectively, and engage multiple targets or more mines laid siege to the same target, up from the original target, changing course midway through another target of the attack. United Kingdom Mk24 TIOS of wire-guided torpedo fire-control system can automatically track 6 targets. In addition, wire-guided torpedoes can also contract and missile attacks launched by a wire-guided torpedo and target the enemy squadron augmented cognition, then fired missiles at a two-pronged approach, completely destroying enemy targets. However, when fired wire-guided torpedoes, launching ships or aircraft and torpedoes on a wire-guided devices should be increased, and the trailer wire, to a certain extent, affect the motion of the torpedo and naval maneuvers.The use of wire-guided torpedo Wire-guided torpedoes from submarines, surface ships and helicopters launch platform. Submarine underwater, is good for hiding, generally prior to surface ships found each other, the implementation of submarine concealed attack; when using wire-guided torpedo submarine-submarine, as the two sides under the environmental conditions, such as, effective against both weapon and equipment performance and who first discovered and first torpedo attack and whether to take underwater acoustic countermeasure, such as the case may be. Using wire-guided torpedoes are generally used for surface ships and helicopters against submarine attack, is also a good method for anti-submarine warfare. But all the emission level is required to address the following three questions:Firing position When choosing a shooting position is to launch wire-guided torpedo targets, and the relative bearing. Theoretically, if target is within range of a wire-guided torpedo, immediately fired wire-guided torpedo, but sonar can detect the target or destination condition indicated by the other detection equipment. Thus, despite the current Mk48 wire guided torpedo range has reached 30-50 nautical miles, but the vessel fired wire-guided torpedo must match the sonar detection equipment. Western navies generally agreed that ship when wire-guided torpedo detection equipment on its own, firing away in General should not be greater than 10 knots, to improve the effect of attacks. Shooting the relative bearing, submarine can be implemented at any relative bearing surface ships wire-guided torpedo, but generally to attack surface ships both small side angle is better in order to respond quickly to the enemy, quick fix. For higher-speed, with a range of large wire-guided torpedo, in particular guidance to wake homing consisting mainly of wire-guided torpedo, or ships risk sonar cannot detect targets in particular the tail wire-guided torpedo attacks sonar blind spot. While surface ships use wire-guided torpedo attacks. When using wire-guided torpedo anti-submarine attack surface ships, in order to maintain the ship, shoot of mine and torpedo navigation process of invisibility when selecting a firing position requirements:First, try to avoid long range passive ranging sonar from submarines both sensitive areas and mine-shot;Second, when the torpedos speed is greater than the target speed is more than 1.5 times, firing position can be selected as follows: shooting distance for the one-second torpedo range, relative bearing/-150-180 submarine sonar blind spot.Third, when Thunder is less than the target rate of 1.5 times when the firing position is: shooting distance for the torpedo range, submarine relative bearing/-60 degrees. Torpedo parameter settings prior to wire-guided torpedo, submarine or surface ship fire-control system based on sonar detection equipment, such as measurements of target bearing and distance to continuously calculate the targets course, speed.Meanwhile, submarine or water ships also must through set cable to torpedo set following data: torpedo corner, and cruise depth, and search depth, and Shang lower depth, and shallow deep-sea way, and late since guide work way, and used line guide or tail flow since Guide and the sound since guide work way, and search and again search way, and triggered or non-triggered, and since guide opened time, and security distance, other parameter can in launches Hou through wire control. Torpedo guidance after launch wire-guided torpedo and submarine or surface ship torpedo attack controllers to guide a torpedo, to guide the torpedo guidance targets. When you boot a submarine or surface ship torpedo, torpedo attack controllers based on the real fire-control targets, torpedoes and naval display on the stage three tracks, and trajectory parameters, decided to adopt the following guidelines:And advance angle method: calculated by measurements of target motion parameters in real time the lead angle of the torpedo, torpedo self-guided so far found goal and converted to Terminal homing search.The shooting method is particularly suitable for the target speed of direct flights and a known target bearing, range, course and speed of use. 23 guidance: keep control torpedo launching ship and destination on the line until homing target and convert Terminal homing search so far.Therefore, this boot method based on moment of bearing, maintains torpedoes at targets, torpedoes and launching vessels on an azimuth of three points, until the torpedo close to the target. Third, the orientation course method: similar to a three-point lead law is the after torpedo tube each time sailing along the target line, boot near the torpedo to the target, and instead steered by Terminal homing torpedoes. This method is particularly suitable to deal with fast maneuvering target, this is the only known azimuth, and no complete and accurate target motion parameter. Helicopters because of their tactical features and submarine detection and location is different from a submarine or surface ship, so the method of torpedo firing position, guiding and operational methods are not the same.Matters needing attention Initial segment heading, and airlines deep, and security distance and since guide boot distance, set to suitable line guide torpedo launches Hou, must as soon as possible left launches airlines ships of heading and depth, prevent fish due to referred to the set had big and endanger this strong of security, or stays in launches depth and hamper launches ships of tactical excited, and prevent due to torpedo radiation noise and effects ships sonar of normal work. Surface ships firing, torpedo set sail on the below a certain depth, A184 in 25 meters, the F17P is 12 metres. When submarine-launched, choose to stagger the torpedo running depth and the depth of the submarine voyage. Set the torpedos initial security time or distance, such as the Tiger fish for 23 seconds, F17P for 13 seconds, SUT can be set to 90, 150, 300.3-meter. Within this time or distance, fuse is not powered. Set homing boot from (usually 400-500), and in the initial boot time, self-directed work to prevent set due to torpedo malfunctions, failures and homing devices capture the launching ship itself in order to ensure the safety of launching ships. In addition, surface ships firing, torpedo A184 hang less than 25 meters deep, the torpedo will stop drowning; underwater launch, must be 18, 35, 90, 250, 450 m within these layers, beyond an initial set of cruise where the depth of water, the torpedo will also stop drowning. The Tiger fish torpedo Nere speed not a safe distance to section 11.3, the torpedo will also stop from sinking. Limited motor range and distance from the submarine torpedo launch tube out of the tube will protect the conductor casing (dozens of meters) straight, after tension reaches a certain force, casing interrupted after partial tule, some hanging outside the launch tube to protect the wires. Since launching ships and torpedoes as well as defense. In order to reduce the County rally, to prevent friction with the ships hull or propeller, winding the wire, it is necessary to limit the steering angle of the torpedo, to avoid after lifting off from the ships aft cyclic, while avoiding launch intense maneuvering the ship, also called launch tube from the bottom of the range should be around 30 m above the seabed obstructions to prevent wire winding.Emergency treatmentDiscover attacks exploit during the boot process, when the torpedo homing torpedo guiding other objectives or directives immediately sank or blew. Launchpad ships with torpedoes are carrying a line device, so that after firing the torpedoes, wire devices to throw out lead. Torpedo high-speed sailing, wire and outlet tube wall Zhijian of friction is big, again plus attached in wire Shang of stalemate real (installation Shi will wire coil stick received up of material) also will peeling Yu outlet tube, with put line length of increased, glue-like real will increasingly more to deposition Yu outlet tube, inhibit wire released, and launches ships of bad manipulation, may makes wire and boats body or propeller winding, thus appeared wire scraping broken, and outlet tube blocked, serious Shi pulled broken wire, fault. Therefore, the wire-guided torpedo should be preset before disconnection or wire guidance system failure lose their homing ability, torpedo in accordance with predetermined break handler for processing. As in initial safety distances set disconnection or boot failure handling for parking since the sinking, outside the safety distances set disconnected or guided troubleshooting to stop drowning or remain disconnected or guidance before the failure of the course and depth, homing devices to start up and automatically become the self-directed search.外文中文翻译:线导鱼雷线导鱼雷的特点用一根细小的导线或光纤把发射平台(舰艇、飞机或岸基)与鱼雷联接起来,使发射平台的火控系统和雷上装置组成联络,用以对鱼雷进行遥控,引导鱼雷接近、捕获和攻击敌方舰艇,这种鱼雷就是线导鱼雷。因此,它具有其它鱼雷无法比拟的优点。捕捉目标的概率高 对距离远、速度大、机动性能强的目标,在目标运动要素测定误差较大、鱼雷本身发射散布较大或自导作用距离较短时,鱼雷捕捉目标的概率将迅速降低,而线导鱼雷发射后由发射舰艇直接操纵,可一直引导鱼雷引导目标,大大提高了捕捉目标的概率。发射迅速鱼雷发射前必须精确测定目标运动要素,才能对鱼雷设定射击参数,最后将鱼雷射出。如使用线导鱼雷,则在探测设备初步判别目标方位距离的基础上即可将鱼雷射出,而后再精确测定目标运动要素,通过导线随时进行修正和导引。这样就赢得了时间,利于先发制人。抗干扰能力强 因线导鱼雷由发射舰艇直接操纵,所有对其干扰的器材将不起作用,故大大提高鱼雷的抗干扰能力。攻击效果好 鱼雷在导引时,可不受自身噪声的干扰,有利于提高鱼雷的接敌速度,缩短从发射到命中的时间,降低目标规避机动的效果。机动灵活 线导鱼雷既可单雷射击,也可多雷齐射,由发射舰船火控系统同时分别引导,进行多目标或多雷围攻同一目标,甚至让其脱离原攻击目标,中途改变航向攻击另一目标。如英国Mk24线导鱼雷的TIOS火控系统可以自动跟踪6个目标。此外,线导鱼雷还可以和导弹进行合同攻击,由线导鱼雷先行发射并在接敌过程中队目标进行补充识别,尔后发射导弹,双管齐下,彻底摧毁敌目标。不过,由于发射线导鱼雷时,发射舰艇或飞机和鱼雷上都须增加一套线导设备,且拖挂导线,在一定程度上影响了鱼雷的运动和舰艇的机动。线导鱼雷的使用线导鱼雷可由潜艇、水面舰艇和直升机等平台发射。潜艇在水下航行,隐蔽性好,一般都能先于水面舰艇之前发现对方,实施水下隐蔽攻击;潜对潜使用线导鱼雷攻击时,由于双方处于等环境条件下,攻击效果视双方武器装备的性能和谁先发现、先使用鱼雷攻击以及是否采取水声对抗等情况而定。水面舰艇和直升机使用线导鱼雷一般用于对潜攻击,也是一种较好的反潜作战方法。但所有的发射水平都须解决以下三个问题:射击阵位的选择 射击阵位就是发射线导鱼雷时目标的距离和舷角。从理论上讲,只要目标位于线导鱼雷的有效射程范围之内,即可立即发射线导鱼雷,但必须在舰艇声纳能测到目标或目标可由其它探测设备指示的前提下。因此,尽管目前Mk48等线导鱼雷的射程已达到30-50海里,但舰艇发射线导鱼雷必须与声纳等探测设备相匹配。西方海军普遍认为,舰艇依靠自身探测设备进行线导鱼雷攻击时,射击距离一般不应大于10海里,以提高攻击效果。至于射击舷角,潜艇水下可以在水面舰艇的任何舷角实施线导鱼雷攻击,但一般以水面舰艇两舷小舷角攻击为佳,以利于迅速接敌,速战速决。对航速较高,航程较大的线导鱼雷,特别是末制导以尾流自导为主的线导鱼雷,也可采用舰艇危险特别是舰艇声纳无法探测目标的尾部声纳盲区实施线导鱼雷攻击。而水面舰艇使用线导鱼雷攻击。而水面舰艇使用线导鱼雷对潜攻击时,为了保持舰艇占位、射雷和鱼雷航行过程中的隐蔽性,选择射击阵位时一般要求:一、尽量避免从潜艇两舷的远距离被动测距声纳的灵敏区占位和射雷;二、当鱼雷速度大于目标速度1.5倍以上时,射击阵位可选择为:射击距离为鱼雷射程的1/2,潜艇舷角为+/-150到180度的声纳盲区。三、当雷速小于目标速度1.5倍时,射击阵位为:射击距离为鱼雷射程,潜艇舷角为+/-60度。鱼雷参数的设定 线导鱼雷发射前,潜艇或水面舰艇火控系统根据声纳等探测器材测得的目标方位、距离不断计算出目标的航向、速度。与此同时,潜艇或水面舰艇也必须通过设定电缆向鱼雷设定以下数据:鱼雷转角、巡航深度、搜索深度、上下限深度、浅海深海方式、末自导工作方式、采用线导或尾流自导及声自导工作方式、搜索和再搜索方式、触发或非触发、自导开启时间、安全距离等,其他参数可在发射后通过导线控制。鱼雷的引导 发射线导鱼雷后,潜艇或水面舰艇鱼雷攻击控制人员要对鱼雷进行引导
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