时态非谓语虚拟语气

1、1. 一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成进行时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时1. 动词的时态和语态1 1 动词的时态和语态一览表时态语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时主动被动 doare done didwere done will dowill be done现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时主动被动 are doingare being done were doingwere being done will be doing现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时have

2、主动 被动 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill been done现在完成进行时主动 被动 have been doing1.2 动词主要时态的意义及运用1) 现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语： up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995汉语提示语：已经，早已，了e.g. We haven t met eac

3、h other since last year.By the end of this week, we ll have finished the task.2) 现在完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。 汉语提示语：一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.3) 过去完成时a) said, reported, thought等引导的间接引语中。e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train.b) hardly when, no sooner thane.g. No

4、 sooner had he got up than he received the call.c) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won.I wish I had done better in the exam.历年考题中的动词时态和语态1. Much of the carbon in the earth _ (come) from things that once lived.2. In the past two decades, research _ (expand) our knowledge

5、about sleep and dream.3. Some proverbs _ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed.4. _ (stand) at the gate was a young man in green coat.5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bush s approved rating reacrhcednt9, 1thpeehighestlevel recorded since polling _ (beg

6、in) in the 1930.6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day _ (make)us tolerate crime more than we should.7. So far, Irving _ (live) in New York City for ten years.8. The patient _ (send) to another hospital before we got there.9. The second half of the nineteent

7、h century _ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.10. All the worries they might have felt for him _ (drive) off by the sight of his cheerfulface.Key:1. comes 一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数2. has expanded 现在完成时3. has been 现在完成时4. Standing 过去进行时的倒装形式5. began 一般过去

8、时6. makes 一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数7. has been living 现在完成进行时8. had been sent 过去完成时的被动形式9. witnessed 一般过去时10. were driven 一般过去时的被动2. 非谓语动词2.1 动词主要时态和语态一览表非谓语动词 形式 意义现在分词一 般 式 Doing 主动, 正在进行被 动 式 being done 被动, 正在进行完成主动式 having done 主动 , 已经完成完成被动式 having been done 被动 , 已经完成 过去分词 Done 被动 , 已经完成动词不定式一 般 式 To

9、do 主动,将要进行被 动 式 To be done 被动, 将要进行 完成主动式 To have done 主动 , 已经完成 进行主动式 To be doing 主动 , 正在进行2.2. 非谓语动词作状语?动词不定式： 1）目的状语； 2）结果状语e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的）5）时间状语He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果） ?分词： 1） 伴随状语； 2）原因状语； 3 ）条件状语 4）让步状语； e.g. Walking along the street, he m

10、et his old friend. （时间）Being very tired, my father didn t go oU原W0h us.（条件）Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive.（原因）Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语 )2) After having done their homewor

11、k, the children began to play.(连词 + 分词)3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play.(状语从句)4) With homework done, the children began to play.(独立结构)2.4 非谓语动词作定语1) If there is no choice, there is no decision _ (make). (to be made)2) Do you know the man ( stand) in front of the hous

12、e? (standing)3) The question (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)4) The bridge (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition.(built)2.5 动名词和动词不定式? 作主语和表语 动名词作主语 / 表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。e.g Rising early is good for health.To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.I

13、t is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow.My biggest wish is to go abroad.Seeing is believing.? 作宾语 接动名词作宾语的动词： admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, mind, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used t

14、o, be accustomed to, etc.接动词不定式作宾语的动词：want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, usedto, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin 接动名词和动词不定式有不同含义的动词：1) forget, remember, regret2) stop, continue3) need/ want4) allow doing/ allow sb to do(1) How can

15、I forget meeting you for the first time?Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.(2) I can t stop laughinCg.an you stop to give me a hand?(3) The grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.(4) We don t allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.历年考题中的非谓语动词1. A man cannot be really happy if wh

16、at he enjoys _ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance.2. Anyone _(want) to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes_ (control) his direction.4. As research techni

17、ques become more advanced, the number of animals _ (use) in experiments may decrease.5. It seems reasonable to assume that, other things _ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms.6. This poem, if _ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense.7. They may have their passpor

18、ts (remove), making leaving or“ escapingimpossible.8. Her body, with hands and feet (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in themorning.9. I couldn t help but _ (feel) this is a very strange life.10. Let us consider the earth as a planet (revolve) round the sun.Key:1. doing 动名词做 enjoy 的宾语2. wan

19、ting 现在分词作定语3. to control 动词不定式作目的状语4. used 过去分词作定语5. being 现在分词用在独立结构中6. translated 连词加过去分词作状语7. removed 过去分词作宾补8. bound 过去分词用在独立结构中9. feel couldn t help bU后接动词原形10. revolving 现在分词作定语3. 虚拟语气第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气时间 从句 主句与现在事实相反 did/ were should/could/would + do 与过去事实相反 had done should/could/would + have

20、done 与将来事实相反 were to doshould do should/could/would + do e.g. If I were you, I would be happy to do it.If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.If the job were to succeed, you should work harder.第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气1) would rather + 从句2) wish + 从句3) if only + 从句4) as if/ as though +

21、 从句5) It s time从句e.g. I would rather you didn t tell me the story now.I would rather you had told me the story yesterday.第三大类：从句中用 should 加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中 should 可省略。1) suggest, propose, advise, move( 动议), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer等动词后接的宾语从句；2) suggestion, proposal, advice, m

22、otion, order, requirement, request, desire, preference 等名词后的同位语从句；3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容词 用在it is that句型中；4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的从句中。e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.It is my suggestion that the meeti

23、ng (should) be put off.It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting.历年考题中的虚拟语气1. If it hadn t been for your help, we _ (be) in real trouble. He would have given youmore help, if he _ (not be) so busy.3. It is high time

24、 that we _ (take) firm measures to protect our environment.4. It was imperative that students _ (finish) their papers before July 1st.5. They demanded that the right to vote _ (give) to every adult person.There was amistake on my paycheck. I (receive) $10 more.I would rather he ( buy) thehouse next

25、year. The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _ (meet) them before.9. Should she come tomorrow, I _ take her to the museum.A can B will C would D must10. If we _ everything ready by now, we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.A hadn t goBt didn t get C wouldn t have got D w

26、ouldn t getKey:1. would have been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句2. had not been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句3. took It is high time + 过去式的虚拟形式5. be given demand 所接宾语从句用动词原形的虚拟形式本应该收到 ”而实际上没6. should have received 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句，表示 有。7. bought would rather 后接宾语从句，从句用过去式表示虚拟语气。8. had met as if 所引导的从句用过去完成式表示虚拟语气。9. C 与将来事实相反的虚拟

27、语气的主句。10. A 从句与现在事实相反，但本身已经是现在完成时（从 by now 可以看出），所以变为 过去完成时。结束语：掌握语法题的要诀在于 1 ）牢记上述表格； 2）分清楚题目属于哪种具体情况； 3）熟练套用 正确形式；4 ）最后再检查一下是否应作必要的改动：如是否被动，三人称动词后加s,动词的不规则变化等。 在理解上述表格的适用条件后， 再通过大量作题来巩固， 及时纠正出现 的错误,我们一定能攻克语法难题,在语法部分得到一个理想的分数！leave me _worrying_ (worry)Leave the book _damaged_ (damage)Enable me to s

28、olve the problem .Enable the problem to be solvedI would rather not go with you.I would rather I didn t go with you.It s time it _was odne_ (do) immediately.It s time to do it immediately.He acted as if the book had been written (write) by him.Command, demandThe order which/that is given by my boss

29、is hard to carry out.The order that the task should be finished (finish) today is hard to carry out.1. Studies have shown _ teenagers often suffer from depression.A. that B. which C. in whichD. in thatt you take a b2. driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why dontown?A. In spite ofB.

30、 Rather thanC. In place ofD. other thanHe hasn rtead one book _other than_ novels.He has read no book other than novels.3. In his composition there were no other errors _ a few misspelled words.A. except B. besides C. than D. beside4. In deciding _ a course of action, the candidates tried to estimat

31、e its likely impact on the voters.A. how to pursue B. whether to pursueC. how pursuingD. whether pursuing5. The kids are _ be hungry when they get home they always are.A. obliged to B. bound to C. desired to D. motivated to6. It is said the conference is (hold) in this hall next month. Is to be held

32、7. Little did they realize that they had made_ (make) an important discovery in science.8. A life lived (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed.9. They proposed that the chance (that is available to them) be explained (explain) indetail.10. (They are afraid that) everythi

33、ng well prepared (prepare), they may still lose the game.11. While compelled (compel) to make the decision in a hurry, he made the right choice.12. He is said/known/reported to have made (make) a lot of money before he was thirty years old.He is said to take the job next week.He is said to have take

34、n the job last week.I find him to have made a lot of moneyHe is found to have madeHe said he had made13. He would like to buy a used_ (use) car instead of a new one.14. Having been deprived of all his money, he had to find a job to support himself.15. How can you explain the phenomenon that occurs(o

35、ccur) again and again in ourdaily life?从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.- You something.A. have left B. are always leavingC. are leaving D. always left2. - I so busily recently that I no time to help you with yourmath.- Thats OK. I can manage it by myself.A. have

36、been working; haveB. have worked; hadC. am working; will haveD. had been working; had had3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you to me.A. are writing B. will writeC. has written D. write4. He at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.A. will speak B. is going to speakC. had to sp

37、eak D. was going to speak5. - I beg your pardon, but I didn- Oh, I myself.A. am talking to B. talked aboutC. have talked to D. was talking to6. I ping- pong quite well,Year.A. will play B. have playedC. played D. play7. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He A. had worked B. has workedC. was working D. ha

38、s been working8. - What when I phoned you?- I my work, and I wanted to goA. have you done; finishedB. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finishedD. were you doing; had just finished9. - Have you finished the report?- No. I it all this week.A. will do B. had doneC. have done D. have

39、 been doing10. I can guess you were in a hurry. YouA. had worn B. woret quite catch you.but I haven t had time to play since thein a radio factory at that time.out.your sweater inside out.NewC. were wearing D. are wearing11. - We that you would fix the TV set this week.- I m sorry. I to fix it this

40、week, but I ve been too busy.A. had expected; had intendedB. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intendD. expected; intend12. - Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!- Mum, I my storeroom downstairs.A. cleaned B. have cleanedC. was cleaning D. have been cleaning13. They won t buy new clothes because th

41、ey money to buy a new house.A. save B. are savingC. have saved D. were saving14. The traffic in our city is already good and it even better.A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting15. - I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.- I m sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I my guest

42、s inmy office.A. is being met B. will meetC. will be meeting D. will have met16. - Alice came back home the day before yesterday.- Really? Where ?A. has she been B. had she beenC. has she gone D. had she gone17. I know Mr. Brown; we to each other at an international conference.A. are introduced B. a

43、re been introducedC. were introduced D. had been introduced18. - Where do you think he the computer?- Sorry. I have no idea.A. has; bought B.不填 ; boughtC. did; buy D.不填 ; buys19. Don t bother to look for my dictionary - it some day.A. turns up B. has turned upC. will turn up D. is going to turn up20

44、. - What do you think of this kind of TV set, which in Shanghai?- Well, I don t care about such things.A. was made B. is madeC. has been made D. had been made21. - Did he notice you enter the room?- I don t think so. He to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listened B. was listeningC. has listened D. h

45、ad listened22. The plane at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at thelatest.A. has left B. would leaveC. will have left D. leaves23. The train at the present speed until it reaches the foot of themountain at about nine o clock tonight.A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going24. I us

46、ed to drink a lot of tea but these days I coffee.A. prefer B. preferredC. had preferred D. am preferring25. The vegetables didn t taste very good. They too long.A. had been cooked B. were cookedC. have cooked D. cooked26. - Remember the first time we met, Jim?- Of course I do. You in the library.A.

47、were reading B. had readC. have read D. read27. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I the cloth well.A. have told; washesB. have been told; washesC. was told; washedD. have been told; is washed28. - Is Tom still smoking?- No. By next Saturday he for a whole month without smoking a singlecigaret

48、te.A. will be B. will have goneC. will have been D. has been going29. - Betty this morning?- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seen B. Will you seeC. Do you see D. Did you see?30. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never him talk so much.A. I heard B. did I hearC.

49、 I had heard D. had I heard31. - Look at the black clouds. It soon.- Sure. If only we out.A. is raining; didn t comeB. is to rain; won t startC. will rain; haven t startedD. is going to rain; hadn t come32. He articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he about forty articles.A. has been

50、 writing; has writtenB. has been writing; wroteC. is writing; has been writingD. has written; has written33. She to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner got B. had hardly gotC. no sooner got D. had no sooner got34. Whenhe was alive, the old scientist used to say that k

51、nowledge frompractice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.A. was coming B. had comeC. comes D. would come35. - Don t forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.- No, I .A. don t B. do C. wont D. will36. I decided to go to the library as soon as I .A. finished what I wa

52、s doingB. finished what I didC. would finish what I was doingD. finish what I did37. You won t know whether the coat fits you until you it on.A. will try B. have triedC. tried D. are trying38. My dictionary . I have looked for it everywhere but still it.A. has lost; don t findB. is missing; don t fi

53、ndC. has lost; haven t foundD. is missing; haven t found39. it with me and I ll see what I can do.A. When left B. LeavingC. If you leave D. Leave40. - How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I yet, but I taking a train.A. didn t decide; am consideringB. haven t decided; considerC. hav en t deci

54、ded; am consideringD. hadn t decided; have considered41. - Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favour?- Of course. What is it?- I if you could take me to the station.A. would wonder B. did wonderC. was wondering D. had wondered42. - Got your driving license?- No. I too busy to have enough practice, so

55、 I didn t take the drivingtest last week. I m going to next week.A. was B. have been C. am D. had been43. With the development of science, more new technology to the fieldof IT.A. has introduced B. is being introducedC. is introduced D. was introduced44. - Who s the man over there?- It s Jack.- Oh? in Italy.A. I think he sB. I ve thought he s beenC. I thought he wasD. I d thought he d been45. - I dropped in at your