Unit12长句的翻译

1、翻译长句时,首先要弄清原文的句法结构,找出主句和从句,以及它们之间的逻辑关系,同时,还要从词、句的字里行间捕捉作者所表达的思想、感情、笔锋、神韵,然后再按汉语的表达习惯加以翻译。一般说来,翻译的目的不是再现原文的语法形式,而是传达原文的思想内容。在进行长难句翻译时,不能拘泥于原文的语法框框,而应在准确理解的基础上,分清句子的层次,掌握叙述的重点、逻辑及语气,然后再根据汉语的规范和习惯,恰当地“拆整为零”“化长为短”,做到内容忠实,文字晓畅。 1、顺译法 有些英语长句所叙述的一连串动作基本上是按动作发生的时间先后安排,也有些英语长句的内容是按逻辑关系安排,这与汉语表达方法比较一致,因此翻译时一般

2、可按照原文顺序译出。 If you reach Chicago by train and spend only an hour or two there you will feel the light wind off the lake which gives it the name “Windy City”. 如果你乘坐火车抵达芝加哥，即使只在那里逗留一两个小时，你也会感到从密歇根湖那边吹拂过来的阵阵清风，这就是芝加哥之所以叫做“风城”的缘故。 If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purit

3、y of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.这个句子是由一个主句、一个状语从句和三个定语从句组成的。“

4、她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣”是主句,也是全句的中心内容。主句前边是一个假设状语从句,其中又包含一个定语从句,这个定语从句较长,所以,译文中应加破折号并放在被修饰语之后。原文各句的逻辑关系、表达顺序与汉语完全一致,因此可按原句顺序译出。 如果说她早已失掉了那蔚蓝色的眼睛的，花儿般的魅力，也失掉了她脸儿和身段的那种冰清玉洁，苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似的颜色-二十六年前这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过艾舍斯特-那么在四十三岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡地有点儿斑驳，而灰蓝的眼睛也有点儿饱满了。 It was the moment I ceased being a child,

5、 when I began to have an adults awareness of the pain and tragedy in life. 从那一刻起我不再是一个小孩，我开始有了成年人的意识，能意识到人生的伤痛与灾难。2、倒译法有些英语长句的表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同,甚至完全相反,这时就必须要从原文后面译起,逆着原文的顺序翻译,所谓反其道而行之。Time goes fast for one who has a sense of beauty, when there are pretty children in a pool and a young Diana on the edge

6、, to receive with wonder anything you can catch.这个句子是由一个主句、两个定语从句和一个状语从句组成。“时间是过得很快的”是主句,也是全句的中心内容,全句共有四层意思:时间是过得很快;如果你懂得什么是美的话;当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里,又有个年轻的狄安那在池边好奇地接受东西;你所捉上来的东西。按汉语的表达习惯,条件在先,结果在后,这个句子应逆着原文顺序译出。可译为:当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里当你跟可爱的孩子们站在池子里,又又有个年轻的狄安那在池边好奇地接受你所捉上来的有个年轻的狄安那在池边好奇地接受你所捉上来的东西的时候东西的时候,如果你懂得

7、什么叫美的话如果你懂得什么叫美的话,时间是过得时间是过得很快的。很快的。Engles spoke with the authority and confidence, born of forty years closest friendship and intellectual intimacy, during which he had grasped, as no other man had, the full significance of Marxs teachings. 由于四十年的最亲密的友谊和思想契合， 恩格斯对马克思学说的意义比任何人都了解得彻底，他就是以这四十年所给他的资格和信

8、心说这番话的。 Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a historical background of slow but substantial changes in Chinese family structure, caused by rising living standards and family planning. 由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划生育，中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又具有实质性的变化，必须根据这一历史背景考虑到老年的问题。 The era of blatant disc

9、rimination ended in the 1960s through the courageous actions of thousands of blacks participating in peaceful marches and sit-ins, to force Southern states to implement the Federal desegregation laws in schools and public accommodation. 六十年代，千千万万的黑人参加了和平游行示威和静坐，他们的勇敢行动迫使南方各州执行联邦政府关于在学校和公共场所所废除种族隔离的法

10、律，从而结束了公然歧视黑人的时代。 Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers. （先译主语从句，后译主句。）许多人常常宁愿牺牲比较高的工资以换取成为白领工人的社会地位，这在西方则是人之常情。3、分译法A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the com

11、pany he keeps; for there is a companionship of books as well as of men; and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.我们往往可以从一个人所交往的朋友以及所阅读的书去看他的为人。这是因为人与人之间有友谊，人与书同样也有友谊。人应该经常生活在与最好的书以及最好的人的交谊中。4.综合法:英语的长句情况十分复杂,有时要翻译好一个长句单用一种方法解决不了问题,而需要全面考虑,统筹安排,综合利用各种翻译方法。对于翻译者

12、,尤其是对初学者来说,不但要学会利用、熟练驾驭各种翻译方法,而且要学会善于综合利用各种手段。实际上,翻译一个长句往往需要几种方法的配合,才能把句子译通、译顺、译好。People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.尽管警察已接到命令，要作好准备以应付紧急情况，但人们不敢出门，因为警察也和其他人一样不知所

13、措和无能为力。 5.外位法外位法:外位语结构是汉语里比较常见的一种句子结构,翻译长句时可以适当地采用。具体方法是:把句中较长的难以处理的成分(包括很长的定语从句、状语从句或并列从句等)提前译出,作为外位独立成分,然后再动用“这”、“那”、“他”、“他们”“、该点”“、这方面”等一类承上词语作为本位语将主句译出。采用外位结构,可以突出重点,避免臃肿,句子也平稳严密,清楚顺当。We are weary of the dangers of colonialism,the divisions it has brought to our continent, the bloodshed and conf

14、usion,the racism and hate that go hand in glove with the colonialists.该例用外位法可译为:殖民主义的威胁,殖民主义给我们大陆造成的分裂、流血和混乱,以及与殖民主义者结有不解之缘的种族主义和种族仇恨,这一切我们都受够了。外位法是一个处理长句颇为有效的方法。它往往使主句如释重负,分外突出,同时也使语气贯通起来。通常可用这种方法翻译的句子有:由几个并列从句或并列成分或由二者交融构成的长句;由一个或几个很长的状语从句或定语从句构成的长句;由很长的从句或从属成分构成的疑问句。6.包孕法包孕法:包孕法就是在翻译时,可以将后修饰语译成前修

15、饰语,即把修饰语与中心词、主句和从句合起来译成一个简单句子,也就是把修饰语或从句包含在一起,但要注意包孕成分不宜过长。However, even the president Tacqueville, who predicted 150 years ago that the United States and Russia would emerge as two great contending world powers could not have foreseen that the nation that potentially could decide the world balance of power in the last decades of the twentieth century, and that could become the most powerful nation on earth d