m5u1复习学案

1、M5U1单元复习学案一、不定式的句法功能1作主语 To finish the work today is not easy 今天做完这个工作不容易。 不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。 It is right to give up smoking戒烟是正确的。固定句型： It is +adj/n+to do sth2作宾语常跟不定式作宾语的动词有：afford，agree，ask，beg，choose，decide，demand，desire， determine，expect，fail，help，hope，learn，manage，offer，plan，pretend，

2、promise，refuse，want，wish，would like / love等。例如：The guests promised to come early客人们答应早点来。不定式作宾语后跟宾语补足语时，常把不定式后移而代之以形式宾语it，常见句式：Think / believe / consider / find / feel，etc+ it + adj / n + 不定式。例如：I think it necessary to send for an expert我认为请位专家来是有必要的。3作宾语补足语或主语补足语(1) 常接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词或动词词组有：advise，

3、allow，ask，beg，cause，encourage，expect，forbid，force，get，intend，invite，like，love，order, persuade，prefer，request，require，teach，remind，tell，want，warn，wish，call on，depend on，wait for等。例如： Father will not allow us to play on the street父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 The officer ordered his men to fire长官命令士兵开火。 (2) 常接不带to的不定式

4、作宾语补足语的动词或动词词组有：一感(feel)，二听(hear，listen to)，三让(have，let，make)，五看(look at，notice，observe，see，watch)，半帮助(help后的宾语补足语可以带to也可以不带to)。但是这些句子变成被动语态时，需带上to。主动：I often hear him sing the song被动：He is often heard to sing the song(by me)我经常听到他唱这首歌。4不定式作定语不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰词的后面。例如： I have a lot of work to do我有许多工作要做

5、。 He is not a man to tell lies他不是一个撒谎的人。 (1) 不定式作定语时，不定式所修饰的名词往往是不定式所表示动作的承受者；如果不定式由不及物动词构成，那么不定式后面要加上相应的介词。 Pass me a piece of paper to write on，please 请递给我一张可以写字的纸。 (2) 当名词被first，second，third，last等序数词以及only，next等词修饰时，其后常用不定式作定语。 She is always the first(person)to come and the last to leave 她总是第一个来，

6、最后一个走。5作表语 不定式作表语放在be和其他系动词后。 His job is to teach English他的工作是教英语。 The problems remain to be unsettled问题还没有解决。 不定式作表语，可用主动形式表示被动意义。 She is to blame.她应该受到责备。 The house is to let. 该房屋出租。 The result is not long to see. 结果不久就会看到。 Something is still to find out. 有些东西还有待查明。 The cause is not far to seek. 这

7、原因不难找到。6作状语 (1) 目的状语。常见表达形式为：to do，in order to do，so as to do，其中so as to do不能置于句首。 In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard为了通过考试，他非常努力地学习。 We ran all the way so as not to be late为了不迟到，我们一路跑来。 (2) 结果状语。常见表达形式为：only to do (结果却)，tooto do，enough to do，so + adj + as to do和such() as to do等。 He hurri

8、ed to the house only to find that it was empty 他匆忙赶到那房子里，发现已经空无一人。 The room is big enough to hold us那间房子足够大，可以容纳我们。 He was so angry as to be unable to speak. 他气得话都说不出来。 We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们不是那样愚蠢的人，竟会相信他。 Her illness is not such as to cause anxiety. 她的病还没有严重到令人忧虑的地步。 (3) 原因状语。

9、常见表达形式：be + adj (表示人的喜、怒、哀、乐) + to do。 We were very excited to hear the news我们听到那个消息都很兴奋。7作独立成分 不定式有时用作独立成分，表明说话人的态度，对整个句子进行解释。类似的短语有：to tell you the truth: 实话告诉你 to be frank: 坦率地说to be sure: 的确 to begin with: 起初to be brief: 简言之 to make matters worse: 更糟糕的是to be exact: 精确地说 to conclude: 总之to be hone

10、st: 老实说 to sum up: 概括地说 To tell you the truth, I forgot all about it. 实话告诉你，这事我全忘了。 To be frank, I didnt agree with you. 坦率地说，我不同意你的意见。 She is pretty, to be sure, but not perfect. 她的确漂亮，但并非十全十美。 To begin with, he had no money, but later he became quite rich. 起初他没有钱，可后来却相当富有。8、不定式的否定式 不定式的否定式是在to前面加n

11、ot，有时表强调也用never。 She decided not to be late again她决定不再迟到了。 He promised never to make such a stupid mistake他许诺不再犯这样蠢的错误。9、疑问词+不定式 不定式常与疑问词who，which，when，where，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、宾语、表语等。 How to solve the problem is very important(主语) 如何解决这一问题很重要。 He didnt know what to ask(宾语) 他不知道该问些什么。 My questio

12、n is when to start(表语) 我的问题是何时开始。10、不定式符号to的省略。(1)动词不定式在介词but，except后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式常不带to，否则要带to。 The bus had passed byThey had nothing to do but wait(=They had no choice but to wait.) 公交车已经过去了，他们别无选择只能等。(2)短语had better，would rather，cannot but，cannot help but，cannot choose but等之

13、后跟不带to的不定式。 They couldnt choose but stay there他们不得不呆在那儿。 He would rather die than give in他宁死不屈。(3)“Why (not) do?”结构中不使用不定式符号to。 Why turn off the gas? 为什么要把煤气关掉?(4)当and或or连接同一概念的不定式时，或者它们之间是并列关系时，可将and或or后面的to省去。 Id like to go and see a film我想去看电影。 He had to have a job or go hungry他必须有一份工作，否则就得挨饿。 但是

14、，有时为了表示对照或加强语气，还是不省略为好。 It is easier to say than to do 说起来容易，做起来难。(5)用来诠释do的含义的不定式作表语可以省去to。 All that I can do is(to)wait我能做的只有等待。 The first thing to do is (to) have breakfast第一件要做的事是吃早餐。二、具有名词作用的动词的-ing形式1、概念及构成 具有名词作用的动词的ing形式，即传统语法所指的动名词，也是非限定动词，由“动词原形 + -ing”构成。它的名词作用是在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。现以动词do为例，将动

15、名词的时态及语态列表如下。时态主动被动意义一般式doingbeing done动名词动作与谓语动作同时发生完成式having donehaving been done动名词动作先于谓语动作发生2、动名词的句法功能（1）作主语 Reading is important in learning English学英语，阅读是很重要的。 动名词作主语，有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句末。这种用法常用在以下句型中：Its no use / no good / useless doing sth。 Its no use waiting hereLets go home在这儿等着也没用。我们回家吧。（2

16、）作表语 通常表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 My job is taking care of the garden 料理这个花园是我的工作。 =Taking care of the garden is my job（3）作宾语 (1) 常见的后面只能接动名词作宾语的动词有：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider (考虑)，delay，dislike，enjoy，excuse，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mention，mind，miss (错过)，practise，risk，suggest等。 Do you mind my openi

17、ng the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗? Im sorry I missed seeing you while 1 was in Beijing 很遗憾，我在北京时没有见到你。 (2) 以下动词短语和固定搭配后只接动名词作宾语： cant help(情不自禁)，cant stand(无法忍受)，give up，keep on，put off，have difficulty / trouble (in)，be / get used to(习惯于)，look forward to，feel like，insist on，devoteto / be devoted to(致力于)，pay

18、 attention to，object to(反对)，get down to(开始认真做)等。例如： My parents objected to my marrying him 我父母反对我与他结婚。 I dont feel like eating anything我什么也不想吃。 动名词和不定式都可以作主语、宾语和表语，动名词往往表示经常或多次发生的动作，不定式往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous(泛指玩火) 玩火危险。 To play with fire will be dangerous(指一具体动作) 玩火会很危险。(4)作定

19、语 动名词作定语，往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。 a walking stick=fl stick for walking一根手杖 a washing machine=a machine for washing 一台洗衣机三、动名词的复合结构 动名词的前面可有自己的逻辑主语，构成动名词的复合结构。结构为： “物主代词(如his，my) / 名词所有格(如Toms) + 动名词” 动名词的复合结构在句中作主语时，须用名词所有格或物主代词形式；作宾语时，可用物主代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格（如Tom）。当动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，须用普通格形式。 Marys being ill made h

20、er mother upset(不可用Mary) 玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。 We are looking forward to spring coming(spring无生命的名词) 我们盼望着春天的到来。四、动名词的否定式动名词的否定式是在动名词前加not，即not doing / not having done / not being done / not having been done。 We considered not doing it now我们考虑现在不做这件事。 His not arriving on time made me uneasy他未按时到达使我不安。练习：（大

21、部分由本单元的例句改编）1._ is difficult to find a best friend.A.It B. That C. What D. Whether2.You need to apologize quickly _ _ a good fiend.A. avoid, losing B.to avoid, losing C. avoiding, losing D. avoided, to lose3. I have a very important meeting _.A. to be attended B. attended C. to attend D. attending 4

22、. I need _ for eight hours every night.A. sleeping B. to sleep C. sleeped D. to sleeping5. His aim was_ me up.A. cheering B. to cheer. C. cheered D.cheer6. As we know that _ is good for our health. I love _ in the sea during the summer and I keep fit by_ every daty.A.swimming B. To swim C.swimmed D.

23、swim7.I cant help_ why she does not like me.A.wondering B.wonder C. to wonder D. wondered8.I look forward to _ you at the party.A.saw B. to see C.seeing D.seen9.Friendship means _ others.A.being commited to B. commiting to C. commited to D. been commited to10.I regretted _ you that you have failed y

24、our exam. I regretted_ him the secret, which made me feel upset.A. to tell B.telling C.told D.tell11. 1. Though he had often made his little sister_, today he was made_ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry12. They would not allow him_ across the enemy lin

25、e. A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going13. She reached the top of the hill and stopped_ on a big rock by the side of the path. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest14. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. no

26、t to make C. not making D. do not make15. -I usually go there by train. -Why not_ by boat for a change. A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going16. Helenhadtoshout _ abovethesoundofthemusic. A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear C.makingherselfheard D.tomakeherselfheard17. Some

27、thing as simple as _ some cold water may clear your mind and receive pressure. A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk 18. -The light in the office is still on. -Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off19. I cant stand _ with Jane in the sam

28、e office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. A. working; stopping B. to work; stopping C. working; to stop D. to work; to stop20. He let me repeat his instruction _ sure that I understood what was _ after he went away. A. to make; to be done B. making; doing C. to make; to do D. making; to

29、do完形填空：Reading (P2)I feel_1_by my friends. On Monday, we had a surprise math test. I was sure to get a good _2_, but I was wrong .It turned out _3_ I failed my examination. I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz! I didnt want others to know that. So I was determined to be cheerful, but H

30、annah _4_ something was wrong .I told her the truth and admitted _5_ badly I had done. I made her _6_ not to tell anyone and she said she would keep my secret. _7_ my surprise, the next day, I noticed that my classmates were _8_ me when I came into math class .I was so upset that I felt like _9_. I

31、thought that Hannah must have _10_told others. I was so angry that I went straight to her and _11_her because she couldnt keep her word. She swore that she hadnt told anyone else , but I dont believe her .I dont think I can forgive her _12_ everyone teases me now.1.A. awkward B. guilty C. betrayed D

32、. annoyed2. A. sign B. signal C. mark D. grades3. A. that B. which C. what D. when4. A. sensed B. noticing C. oberserving D. realize5. A. which B. what C. how D. however6. A. to promise B. promise C. promising D. promised7. A. In B. by C. to D.with 8. A. stared at B. staring at C. stare at D. stared

33、9. A. cry B. to cry C. cried D.crying 10. A. deliberately B.rudely C. seriously D. ugly11. A. blamed B.asked C. requested D. demanded12. A. while B. but C. because D. howeverReading (P3)I have a_1_. My best friend has stopped _2_ to me . we had a match _3_ another school. The other team was brillian

34、t and we really had to_4_. Matthew was playing really badly. He seemed absent-minded and as a result of his _5_ playing, we lost the game. I thought he was not trying hard enough. But he said it wasnt his fault and I shouldnt yell _6_him. Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned int

35、o a _7_argument. He kept on _8_me of some really bad things to hurt me. I feel really guilty _9_ I said some really cruel things too, but I cant stand_10_our team lose .These days he has been very quiet and looks sad. He is usually cheerful and outgoing .Yesterday, I saw him talking to another boy,

36、and I cant help wondering _11_he wants the boy to be his friend _12_me. What should I do?1.A. dilemma B. question C. puzzle D. mistake2. A. to talk B. talking C. talked D. talk3. A. beat B. against C. draw D. fight4. A. focusing B.focus C. to focus D. focused5. A.careful B.carelessness C. careless D

37、.carefully6. A.in B.at C.to D.on7. A. horrible B. pleasant C. happy D.exciting8. A. accused B. accusing C. to accuse D. accuse9. A.but B.because C.while D. whereas10. A.to see B.seeing C.saw D.seen11. A.whether B. that C. which D. what12. A. insteads of B. insteading of C. insteaded of D. instead of

38、Project(P18)Robert cant understand _1_his twin sister, Amanda and her friends will be sitting on the sofa, _2_in conversation! He wonders _3_in the world they have to talk about.Boys and girls have different attitudes _4_friendships. Many studies show that girls have _5_friendships than boys. When t

39、he adolescent boys are asked, they usually hesitate _6_responding. They say they have so many friends that its _7_to choose just one best friend. _8_girls usually answer the question _9_hesitation. They have _10_to share with each other. They do a lot of things together.1.A. where B. when C. how D.

40、why2. A. absorbed B. absorbing C. to absorb D. having absorbed3. A. what B. that C. which D. who4. A. towards B. for C. in D. on 5. A. more B.less C. much D. fewer6. A. before B.after C. while D. in 7. A. hard B. hardly C. difficulty D. easy8. A. while B. however C. thus D. then 9. A. without B. no

41、C. with D. by10. A. a lot B. little C. a little D. few完形二：(1)Dear Sarah (Part E P5)I think you have every right to feel betrayed _1_your friend if she told your secret to others and then pretend that she was innocent, _2_ perhaps she didnt do it. Would a best friend really act this way?If you still

42、have doubts, think about _3_ you dont believe her. Was _4_ because you were ashamed of your horrible grade, or _5_ you envied her? If so, the problems lies with you, not her. _6_ it may feel awkward, if she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her. _7_, if you really sense tha

43、t she wanted to embarrass you _8_ public, you had better find a new friend.1._ 2._ 3._ 4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._(2)(Project P19)When deciding what is most important in life, some people choose money, _1_ others choose things like security and comfort. However, for me, the most important thing in life is fr

44、iendship, I cant imagine being _2_ it. Because firstly, I think friendship means _3_ being alone. And _4_, friendship means having someone I can rely on. Besides, friendship means being committed to others. The best way _5_ have a friend is to be a friend. In conclusion, when _6_ are old and look ba

45、ck on our lives, what will we remember? Will we remember the things we bought or the places we have been _7_? No, we will remember those whom we loved and those _8_ loved us. We will remember our friends.1._ 2._ 3._ 4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._(3)Dear Andrew (Part E P5)After my reading your letter, _1_ seems

46、that you need to apologize quickly to avoid losing a good friend! Matthew Probably felt guilty about losing the match, and bad about not being _2_ gifted at football as you are. Shouting at him just made him feel _3_ than before. _4_ you both said cruel things to each other, one of you has to be the

47、 first _5_ admit that it was a mistake. You are simply going to have to forgive him. You swear _6_your friendship is as important as football, _7_ dont let a small disagreement destroy your friendship. Talk to your friend and I am sure that, _8_ long, you will be back playing football together.1._ 2

48、._ 3._ 4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._(4)(Project P18)Friendships between girls are usually anchored _1_ shared feeling and support, _2_ friendships between boys are based on activities or interests. When a boy is said to be or to have a best friends, _3_is likely that the two share little about their feelings _4_ one another.The qualities _5_ boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be _6_ same.The important thing _7_ remember is that both of them are friendships. _8_ all need friends in our lives.1._ 2._ 3._ 4._5._ 6._ 7._ 8._双向翻译：A(1)男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度. On the one hand, friendship betw