医英翻译3diana

1、Medical English Translation Chapter Three Chapter Three Features of Medical English3.1 Medical terminology3.2 More nominalization3.3 More long and complicated sentences3.4 Extensive usage of the passive voices3.5 Lack of the change of tenses3.6 Formula in structure of article3.1 Medical terminologyl

2、Formation of medical terminologyprefix+ root+ suffix in Latin and Greek gastritis 胃炎（希腊语后缀胃炎（希腊语后缀 -itis= inflammation 炎症）炎症） gastrectomy 胃切除术（希腊语后缀胃切除术（希腊语后缀 ectomy= surgical excision 切除术）切除术） gastropathy 胃病（希腊语后缀胃病（希腊语后缀 pathy= disease 病）病） epigastric 上腹部的（希腊语前缀上腹部的（希腊语前缀 epi-= on 在在上）上）3.1 Medica

3、l terminologylAmphibious words In such cases, heart murmur is often present. 这类病例常出现心脏这类病例常出现心脏杂音杂音。 Lymph nodes are enlarged but are not tender. 淋巴结肿大，但无淋巴结肿大，但无触痛触痛。Exercises: 翻译下列句子，注意两栖词汇的译法。翻译下列句子，注意两栖词汇的译法。1. Its a solution of salt and water. 这是一种盐和水的溶液。2. Water can be resolved into oxygen and

4、 hydrogen. 水可以分解为氧和氢。3. As more muscles are involved, rigidity becomes increased and generalized. 当累及更多肌肉时，强直加剧并发展为全身性。4. Dressing should be inspected daily for evidence of bleeding. 应每天检查敷料看是否有出血的迹象。5. The patient with hepatitis was discharged yesterday. 那位肝炎病人于昨日出院。3.2 More nominalizationl Relapse

5、 following initial improvement is a common signal of this event. 病情开始好转后又接着复发，是这种情况病情开始好转后又接着复发，是这种情况的常见信号。的常见信号。l Some patients fail to develop hepatitis following exposure to hepatitis B virus. 有些病人在接触乙型肝炎病毒后并未发生有些病人在接触乙型肝炎病毒后并未发生肝炎。肝炎。 3.2 More nominalizationl Although the production of transgeni

6、c strains of animals carrying foreign genes is now a relatively routine technique in many laboratories, it is unlikely that such methods will be extended to human embryos, both for moral and technical reasons.3.2 More nominalization 尽管目前在许多实验室里，培养这种尽管目前在许多实验室里，培养这种携带异体基因的动物转基因株是一种携带异体基因的动物转基因株是一种比较常

7、规的技术，但由于伦理及技术比较常规的技术，但由于伦理及技术方面的原因，这些方法不大可能扩展方面的原因，这些方法不大可能扩展应用于人体胚胎上。应用于人体胚胎上。 3.3 More long and complicated sentencesl Some bacteria produce bodies, called spores that are much more resistant to high temperatures, drying, and cold than the bacteria and serve to produce new organisms when material

8、containing them again is placed in surroundings favorable to bacteria growths.3.3 More long and complicated sentences 某些细菌能产生称为芽孢的小体。这某些细菌能产生称为芽孢的小体。这些小体对高温，干燥和寒冷比细菌具些小体对高温，干燥和寒冷比细菌具有更强的抵抗力。当含有芽孢的物质有更强的抵抗力。当含有芽孢的物质重新置于有利于细菌生长的环境中时重新置于有利于细菌生长的环境中时，就会产生新的细菌。，就会产生新的细菌。 3.4 Extensive usage of the passiv

9、e voicesl Rigid personal precautions should be taken by attendants. 护理人员应采取严格的个人预防措施。护理人员应采取严格的个人预防措施。l Thrombophlebitis may be produced by multiple intravenous injections of vancomycin. 经常静脉注射万古霉素，可以产生血栓性静脉经常静脉注射万古霉素，可以产生血栓性静脉炎。炎。 3.5 Lack of the change of tenseslMaterials and MethodslResultslDiscu

10、ssion Urine is formed in kidneys. 尿在肾内形成。 Now the patients wounds have healed and the skin has grown well all over her body. 现在病人的伤口已经愈合，全身新的表皮已经长好。3.6 Formula in structure of articlelTitlelAbstractlIntroductionlMaterials and MethodslResultslDiscussionlAcknowledgementslReferences翻译的标准翻译的标准 对于医学专业方面的

11、翻译而言，译文应该至少达到两个标准:忠实和通顺。 （1）忠实，指译文必须忠实于原文的内容，在内容上不应增添删减;也要忠实于原文的风格、语气等。但要往意，盲目追求与原文表面结构的一致并不是忠实。 例一: A woman with child came to see her doctor. 【误译】一位带着孩子的妇女来看病。 【应译】一位孕妇来看病。 例二:The complaints of the patients did not answer to the proper manifestations of the disease. 【误译】病人的主诉没有回答此病的适当表现。 【应译】病人的主诉

12、不符合此病应有的表现。（2）通顺，指译文语言必须合乎汉语的语法规范，用词造句应符合汉语的习惯。避免文理不通、逐词死译、晦涩难懂等现象，在忠实的基础上达到通顺。例一: Illness prevented him from going there.【误译】疾病妨碍他去那里。【应译】他因病未去那里。例二：The medicine will make you feel better.【误译】此药会使你感到好些。【应译】你服此药后会感到好些。翻译的标准翻译的标准Exercises: 修改译文修改译文1) The amount of sleep required depends upon age of t

13、he individual.【误译】睡眠的需要量取决于一个人的年龄。【推荐译文】所需的睡眠量取决于一个人的年龄。2) The sound heard in the heart is due to the closing of the vales.【误译】心脏里听到的声音是由于瓣膜的关闭。【推荐译文】心音是瓣膜关闭所产生的。3) Through this membrane materials are allowed to pass into the protoplasm.【误译】通过这层膜，物质被允许进入原生质。【推荐译文】物质可以通过这层膜进入原生质。4) Half an hour passe

14、d before the patient came to.【误译】在患者苏醒之前，半小时过去了。【推荐译文】半小时后，患者才苏醒过来。5) Two screening test are in common use.【误译】两种筛选实验在常用。【推荐译文】通常采用两种筛选方法。6) It is reported that in the world today there are about 55 million people who have tuberculosis.【误译】它被报道，目前世界上大约有5,500万人患结核病。【推荐译文】据报道，目前世界上大约有5,500万人患肺结核。7) Th

15、ough blood is fluid, it must be classed as a tissue.【误译】虽然血液是液体，但必须作为一种组织来分类。【推荐译文】虽然血液是液体，但必须视为一种组织。8) Prevention is better than cure.【误译】预防比治疗好。【推荐译文】预防胜于治疗。9)The drug is well tolerated.【误译】此药被良好耐受。【推荐译文】病人对该药耐受良好。10)There are wide gaps in the ability of antibiotics to master contagious disease.【误

16、译】存在广大的缺点于抗生素控制传染病方面。【推荐译文】使用抗生素控制传染病尚存在许多缺点。Homework: 翻译下列句子翻译下列句子1.When this kind of antibiotics is used, it should be given in large doses.2.Pulse pressure varies and is dependent upon the following factors. 3.After pregnancy, there is destruction of some smooth muscle cells, reduction in size of

17、 others. 4.Heat is constantly produced by the body as a result of muscular and cellular activity.5.Water evaporates more rapidly when the temperature is high than when it is low. 6. A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job.7. About 45 percent of carcinoma develops i

18、n the lower third of the esophagus. 8. The skill of the surgeon leaves nothing to be desired. 9. Cancer of the uterus involves the body of an organ in about 1 in 7 cases. 10. Appendicitis is most common in the second and third decades of life. 答案：答案：1.When this kind of antibiotics is used, it should be given in large doses.使用这种抗生素时，应给予大剂量。2. Pulse pressure varies and is dependent upon the following factors. 脉搏的变化取决于下列因素。3. After pregnancy, there is destruction of some smooth muscle cells, reduction in size of others.妊娠后，某些平滑肌细胞被破坏，还有一些体积减小。答案：答案：4. Heat is constantly produced by th