国外航校私照飞行员地面课Lesson8

1、Sierra Academy of Aeronautics PPL GroundAirport Operations and Basic RadioLesson 8Todays Topics Airports Traffic Pattern Radio Communications TranspondersTypes of Airports Controlled Has an operating control tower which will direct the flow of traffic in the air and on the ground. KMER has a part ti

2、me control tower Un-controlledNo control tower. Pilots are responsible for traffic separation by use of see and avoid and radio communication.KMCE is an uncontrolled airport.Airport Layout Ramps Taxiways RunwaysRamp Parking Areas Fuel Access? Non movement area No communication required to operate on

3、 the ramp Vehicles, Aircraft, and PedestriansTaxiways “Roads” to and from the runway At towered airports need permission to use Taxiways are named by letters of the alphabet or a combination of letters and numbers EX: Taxiway A or Taxiway A1Taxiway MarkingsTaxiwayRunways Surface intended for takeoff

4、 and landing Hard Surfaced Asphalt Concrete Turf Gravel Runways are aligned to magnetic headings Ex: Runway is 36-18 is a North-South RunwayAirport Environment Markings Signs LightingAirport MarkingsAirport MarkingsDisplaced ThresholdOkay to taxi onMust land afterBlastpadNo A/C operationsRunway Mark

5、ingsDestination/Directions Signs Destinations include: Runways Apron Terminals FBOs (Fixed Based Operators) Yellow background with Black inscriptionAirport SignsDestination/Direction SignsTaxiway Bravo is to the Left To get to Runway 27 & 33 take the next RightThe ramp is ahead and to the LeftRunway

6、 Distance Remaining These signs are located on one or both sides of the runway to indicate the number of thousands of feet remaining. Black background with White inscriptionRunway Distance Remaining5,000 feet remainingMandatory Signs An entrance to a runway or critical area Areas where aircraft are

7、prohibited from entering Red background with White inscriptionEntrance for runway 15 & 33Mandatory SignsHold short of runway 15 approach areaSign prohibiting aircraft entry into an areaThis aircraft is exiting runway 30-12 onto taxiway BHold Short LinesInformation Signs Provide information to pilots

8、 such as Cannot be seen by control tower Applicable Radio Frequencies Noise Abatement Procedures Yellow background with black inscriptionInformation SignsLocation Signs Identify where an aircraft is located Taxiway Location Black background & Yellow Inscription Runway Location Black background & Yel

9、low InscriptionAircraft located on taxiway TangoAircraft located on runway 15Boundary Signs Identifies that you are exiting an area Yellow background & black inscriptionRunway Boundary SignILS Critical Area Boundary SignDirection Signs Located at two or more intersecting taxiways Yellow background &

10、 Black inscriptionDirection SignsAirport Lighting Airport Beacon Taxi way lighting Runway edge lighting Runway end lighting Runway centerline lighting Runway approach lightingAirport Beacons Civilian green-white Military Green-white-white Heliport Yellow-white-green Seaport Yellow-whiteTaxiway Light

11、ingRunway Edge Lights White Lights* Side/Edge of the runway On some runways have amber lights the last 2,000 ft to warn the end of the runway is coming soon. Green Lights Approach end of the Runway Red Lights Departure end of the runway Runway Identifier End LightsRunway Centerline LightingPilot Con

12、trolled LightingCheck AFD for lighting information at a specific airportRunway Approach LightsVisual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)QRed over RedQYour deadQRed over WhiteQYou will be alrightQWhite over WhiteQYour as high as a kitePrecision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI)Precision Approach Path Indica

13、tor (PAPI)Wind Direction IndicatorsQWind Sock or ConeQTetrahedronQWind TeeWind Direction IndicatorsTraffic PatternTraffic PatternThe Traffic PatternWind 1836up windbasecrosswinddownwindfinalTraffic PatternNo Wind Pattern 1331Direct Headwind1331Wind Crosswind1331 Wind Traffic PatternQStandard Traffic

14、 PatternQLeft TrafficQRight if published QAFDQSectionalQNOTAMsQSegmented CircleQTraffic Pattern Altitude (T.P.A.)Q600-1000 AGL or as published in the AFD/NOTAMsSegmented CircleTraffic Pattern Entry Procedures Controlled Airport Comply with ATC (Air Traffic Control) instructions Uncontrolled Airport

15、Enter on the midfield downwind at traffic pattern altitudeTraffic Pattern Exit Procedure Controlled Airport As assigned by ATC Uncontrolled Straight out until you reach traffic pattern altitude OR Turn out 45 degrees in the direction of the traffic patternTraffic PatternRadio CommunicationRadio Comm

16、unicationQGround QTower QApproach/Departure QAir Rout Traffic Control CenterQFlight Service Station (FSS) Radio CommunicationQRadios are required at Towered AirportsQNeed to use proper phraseology and proceduresQPhonetic AlphabetHow to Talk on the RadioUse the 5 “W” methodQWho you are callingQWho yo

17、u areQWhere you areQWeather Code (ATIS Codes)QWhat you want“Who you are”QThe aircraft tail number or N numberQN means registered to the United States QCessna 95670“Who you are calling”QExamples: QCastle Ground QCastle TowerQNor Cal ApproachQOakland Center“Where you are”QOn the ground QWhere on the a

18、irport you are locatedQ“North run-up, South run-up, in front of the Terminal, etc”QIn the airQDistance & Direction from the airport QLandmark (Merced Lake) QAltitude (for busier airspace)Q“10 miles North”“What you want”QExamplesQReady to taxi QReady for takeoffQInbound to landQInbound for the option

19、 Weather Code (ATIS Code)QATISQRecorded weather info updated hourly or as neededQPhonetic letter designatorQ“Information Alpha”QASOSQComputer generated weather info that continually updatesQNo special designatorQSay, “with the numbers”Lost Communication Fly the Airplane First Troubleshoot and use Checklist Check the frequency, try a different frequency C