汉英句子翻译基本原理及主要方法-链接

1、Lecture 4Sentences Translation Warm-up Translationn迈向命运共同体迈向命运共同体 开创亚洲新未来开创亚洲新未来n -在博鳌亚洲论坛在博鳌亚洲论坛2015年年会上的主旨年年会上的主旨演讲演讲nTowards a Community of Common Destiny and a New Future for Asian-Keynote Speech by at the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 20153. 信息焦点:找准主语n英语主谓宾的基本结构n英语主语的构成：名词；动名词；不定式；形式主语主

2、语选定nE.g.E.g.：看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌。：看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌。n1. On seeing this miserable scene, people got 1. On seeing this miserable scene, people got panic-stricken very soon.panic-stricken very soon.n2. At the sight of this miserable scene, people 2. At the sight of this miserable scene, people was seized wit

3、h panic/overwhelmed by was seized with panic/overwhelmed by panic/great terror, or people were thrown in panic/great terror, or people were thrown in panic.panic.n3. The sight of this miserable scene threw 3. The sight of this miserable scene threw people in panic. people in panic. n看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，

4、有看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。原文思路：原文思路：n1. 1. 改写为欧化中文：大家如此惊慌以致改写为欧化中文：大家如此惊慌以致于于 (sothat & such that) (sothat & such that)n2. 2. 理清逻辑：整体与部分（大家理清逻辑：整体与部分（大家-有人）有人）译文一n看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。nThe sight of the miserable scene threw people into such a panic that some of them even h

5、ad the idea of making a retreat. nThe sight of the miserable scene made people so panic-stricken that some of them even conceived of/entertained the idea of making a retreat. 译文二n看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌，有人甚至有了打退堂鼓的心思。nThe sight of the miserable scene terrified the people, some of whom even harbored the inte

6、ntion of making a retreat. 4. 句子平衡：分清主次 一、一、独立主格结构独立主格结构 Nominative AbsoluteNominative Absoluten1. n. + present participle phrase1. n. + present participle phrasen到处都可以看见人们穿着节日服装，满到处都可以看见人们穿着节日服装，满脸笑容。脸笑容。nEverywhere you can see people in their Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dresses,

7、 holiday dresses, their faces shining with their faces shining with smilessmiles. .2. n. + past participle phrase2. n. + past participle phrasen他脸朝天，头枕着手躺着。他脸朝天，头枕着手躺着。nHe lay on his back, He lay on his back, his face uphis face up and and his his hands crossed under his headhands crossed under his

8、head. .3. n. + adjective phrasen他鼻子冻得通红地走进房来。他鼻子冻得通红地走进房来。nHe came into my room, He came into my room, his nose red with his nose red with cold.cold.4. n. + adverbial phrasen她伸出双手，掌心向上。她伸出双手，掌心向上。nShe put out her hands, palms up.She put out her hands, palms up.5. n. + n.5. n. + n.n数以千计的船民被淹死，其中许多是小数

9、以千计的船民被淹死，其中许多是小孩。孩。nThousands of boat people were drowned, Thousands of boat people were drowned, many of them children.many of them children.6. n. + infinitive6. n. + infinitiven来客也不少，有送行的，有拿东西的，来客也不少，有送行的，有拿东西的，有送行兼拿东西的。有送行兼拿东西的。nWe also had quite a host of visitors, some We also had quite a host

10、 of visitors, some to see us off, some to fetch things, and to see us off, some to fetch things, and some to do both.some to do both.7. n. + prepositional phrasen他们欢快地一手拿着鞭子，一手扯着缰他们欢快地一手拿着鞭子，一手扯着缰绳，催马向前。绳，催马向前。nIn jolly spirits, they urged the horses on, In jolly spirits, they urged the horses on, w

11、hip in one hand and reins in the other.whip in one hand and reins in the other.二、过去分词短语二、过去分词短语 Past Participle PhrasePast Participle Phrasen错误与挫折教训了我们，使我们变得聪错误与挫折教训了我们，使我们变得聪明起来，我们的事情就办得好一些。明起来，我们的事情就办得好一些。nTaught by mistakes and setbacks, we have Taught by mistakes and setbacks, we have become wis

12、er and handle our problems become wiser and handle our problems better.better.三、形容词短语三、形容词短语 Adjective PhraseAdjective Phrasen周总理是那样谦逊、随和、易于接近，周总理是那样谦逊、随和、易于接近，使大家很快就不紧张了。使大家很快就不紧张了。nModest, unassuming, easy to approach, Modest, unassuming, easy to approach, Premier Zhou soon put everyone there Prem

13、ier Zhou soon put everyone there completely at pletely at ease.四、名词短语四、名词短语 Noun PhraseNoun Phrasen他是一位天才的语言学家，同样精通法、他是一位天才的语言学家，同样精通法、德、英等多种语言。德、英等多种语言。nA gifted linguist, he was equally at home in A gifted linguist, he was equally at home in French, German and English.French, German and English.五、

14、不定式五、不定式 Infinitive PhraseInfinitive Phrasen如果听到他讲英语，人们会以为他是英如果听到他讲英语，人们会以为他是英国人。国人。nTo hear him speak English, one would take To hear him speak English, one would take him for an Englishman.him for an Englishman.六、六、 Co-operative PhraseCo-operative Phrasen运动会风雨无阻，照常进行。运动会风雨无阻，照常进行。nThe sports meeti

15、ng will be held, rain or The sports meeting will be held, rain or shineshine.七、解释性或描述性短语七、解释性或描述性短语 Explanatory and Descriptive PhraseExplanatory and Descriptive Phrasen他的妻子料理一切大大小小的事务。他的妻子料理一切大大小小的事务。nHis wife manages all affairs, big and small.His wife manages all affairs, big and small.八、八、 延续否定延

16、续否定Continuative NegationContinuative Negationn周围没有村庄，甚至连一颗可供遮蔽的大树也没有。nThere are no villages around, nor even a big tree to take shelter under.Practice & Assignmentn1. 天气要是合适的话，我们明天要到西山去天气要是合适的话，我们明天要到西山去玩。玩。n2.他做完作业后回家去了。他做完作业后回家去了。n3. 3.老头坐了下来，由于痛苦脸色发白，两颊老头坐了下来，由于痛苦脸色发白，两颊上还带有泪痕。上还带有泪痕。n4. 4.他袜子穿反了

17、。他袜子穿反了。n5. 5.他为这家杂志写了两篇稿子，一篇即将本他为这家杂志写了两篇稿子，一篇即将本期发表，另一篇将在下期刊载。期发表，另一篇将在下期刊载。n6. 6. 他的第一个剧本成功后，又写了另一他的第一个剧本成功后，又写了另一个剧本。个剧本。n7. 7.他端着枪，走进那间黑屋子。他端着枪，走进那间黑屋子。n8. 8.我一直坐到十一点多钟，全神贯注地看我一直坐到十一点多钟，全神贯注地看着一本小说。着一本小说。n9. 9.这些艺术品丰富多彩，栩栩如生，而且这些艺术品丰富多彩，栩栩如生，而且别出心裁，具有鲜明的民族特色和地方别出心裁，具有鲜明的民族特色和地方色彩。色彩。n10.10.中国是个

18、发展中国家，属于第三世界。中国是个发展中国家，属于第三世界。n11.有一天内孙先生在城里不见了，以后有一天内孙先生在城里不见了，以后再没有人看到他。再没有人看到他。n12.12.不管成功与否，我要试一下。不管成功与否，我要试一下。n13.13.他光头赤脚，气喘吁吁地冲进房来。他光头赤脚，气喘吁吁地冲进房来。n14.14.中国不做超级大国，现在不做，将来中国不做超级大国，现在不做，将来也不做。也不做。nHis work doneHis work done, he went home., he went home.nAfter his work had been done, he went Aft

19、er his work had been done, he went home.home.nWeather permittingWeather permitting, well go on an , well go on an excursion to the Western Hill tomorrow.excursion to the Western Hill tomorrow.nThe old man sat down, The old man sat down, his face pale with his face pale with painpain and and traces o

20、f tears on his cheekstraces of tears on his cheeks. .nHe entered the dark room, gun in hand.He entered the dark room, gun in hand.nHe put on his socks, wrong side out.He put on his socks, wrong side out.nHe has contributed two articles to the He has contributed two articles to the journal, one to be

21、 published in this issue, journal, one to be published in this issue, the other to come out in the next.the other to come out in the next.nHis first play a success, he wrote another.His first play a success, he wrote another.nI sat until eleven, absorbed/immersed in a I sat until eleven, absorbed/immersed in a fiction.fiction.nColorful, lifelike and original, these works Colorful, lifelike and original, these works of art had/assumed distinctive national of art had/assumed distinctive national and local characte