新课标人教版高一英语定语从句精讲与精练Word版

1、定语从句。定义。an exciting match:形容词可以放在名词之前作定语，来修饰名词 the book in my hand:介词短语可以放在名词之后作定语，来修饰名词。 但如果修饰名词的定语不是某一个词或短语，而是一个句子时，我们就要使用定语从句。定语从句通常跟在所要修饰的中心名词（先行词）之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 定语从句相当于形容词或者介词短语的作用。注意。1.从句相当于整个句子的一个成分，因此，从句不能单独使用。She saw that he was sleeping.(宾语从句) I am reading the article which is about your

2、 experience in the UK.(定语从句)2.先行词 定语从句所修饰的词叫“先行词”，因为它总是处在定语从句的前头，比定语从句先行一步。 先行词通常为人、物或者是事情。e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.3.关系词 从意义上说：先行词定语从句的组成部分从结构上说：先行词不在从句中出现 引导定语从句，并取代先行词在从句中的成分 e.g. I am reading the article that is about your experience in the UK.关系词的功能：

3、1. 关系词作主语（动作发出者）The trees are on the school campus. They have lost their leaves.The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.2. 关系词作宾语（动作接受者）We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school.The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.3. 关系词作表语

4、Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy 1 / 15Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.4. 关系词作定语（通常为所有格）She has a brother. I cant remember his name.She has a brother whose name I cant remember.5. 关系词作状语（时间状语、地点状语、原因状语）The school is in Shenzhen. He studies in the schoolThe sch

5、ool where he studies is in Shenzhen.4.定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。关系词。关系代词(relative pronouns)who, whom, which, that, as, whose等跟在先行词的后面，指代先行词，引出定语从句。 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语的作用。先行词 人 事物 人+事物 主语 who /that which / that that 宾语whom / who /that which / that that 表语 that that that 定语whosewhose / of which / who的用法 先

6、行词必须是人，作主语和宾语e.g. The man who spoke at the meeting this morning is a famous lawyer.The girl who you saw just now is Jane.作宾语时，可用whom, that替换, 可以省略。whom的用法 先行词必须是人，作宾语。 通常可以省略 e.g. The girl whom / who / that you saw just now is Jane.which的用法 先行词必须是事物，作主语和宾语e.g. This is the book which / that was writt

7、en in easy English by our English teacher. 作主语时，关系词不可省略。The pictures (which / that) he drew in the 1980s are on show.作宾语时，关系词可以省略。注意(whom & which)： whom & which做介词宾语时，介词常可提前，即介词+whom/which+从句，此时whom & which不能由who或that代替，不能省略。e.g. This is the man from whom your son always begs money.The chair on whic

8、h she is sitting is made of wood.但当介词置于从句末尾时，whom可以由who或that代替，which可由that代替，都能省略。e.g. This is the man (whom / that / who) your son always begs money from.有一些动词短语中的介词是固定搭配，不可拆开，一般还是放在动词之后，不提前。 He is the student who the teachers are looking for.The number of the children who she takes care of is 30.动

9、词短语是否可以拆分，关键看拆分后与拆分前的意思是否相同。如果意思不变，可以拆分，否则不行。 that的用法 1)that可作定语从句中的主语（取代who或which），宾语（取代who或whom或which） 2)关系代词作表语，必须使用that，指代人或物，可以省略。 e.g. My father is no longer the man (that) he was. My hometown is not the small town that it used to be twenty years ago.3)that的特殊用法必须使用that的情况。当先行词是人+事物时。e.g.They

10、talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.The police had great trouble in diverting the men and the cars that had blocked the way.当先行词跟在系动词be后作表语，或关系词本身作定语从句的表语时，关系代词必须用that，但也可以省略e.g.My father is no longer the man (that) he was. He thought his daughter would be the dancer (that) s

11、he always wanted to be. Its a book (that) will help you a great deal.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词如the first, the last 等词修饰时。e.g. This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the first choice that I have made.She is the most careful girl that I have ever known.This is the last letter that I received from h

12、im. 当先行词前面有the only, the very, one of, any, no, every, few, little等词修饰时。e.g. The only person that seems to know the truth is Doctor Brown.Any person that wants to succeed must work hard.There is no difficulty that we can not overcome.I have read all the books that can be borrowed here. 当先行词本身为不定代词如a

13、nything, something, nothing, everything, all, much, few, little, none, the one时。e.g.All that I want is peace and stability.There is little that I can do.There is nothing that I can tell you.I have tried everything that I can think of.I do not mean this one. I mean the one that was bought yesterday.注

14、意：anybody, nobody, everybody等不在此列。 不能使用that的情况。当定语从句前有介词时，关系代词不能用that。that不能用于非限制性定于从句。当先行词为one, ones, anyone, those, 指人时，用who。e.g.Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.当先行词是he时，用who。(多谚语) e.g.He who plays with fire gets burnt.He who laughs at last laughs best.当先

15、行词本身是that时，用which或who避免重复不能用于非限制性定于从句。e.g.Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?whose的用法 whose作定语从句中的定语，表示所修饰的“某（些）人的”或“某物的” 。 e.g.The boy whose name is Tom is the top student in my class.Look at the house whose roof is red.注意： 当whose指代物时，whose+从句结构 =of which+从句 =of which the+从句 e.g. Look at

16、the house whose roof is red.Look at the house, the roof of which is red.Look at the house, of which the roof is red.as的用法 1)as用于限制性定语从句so as；suchas；the sameas；2)as用于非限制性定语从句。代表所修饰的句子，作用相当于which，但比which多一层“正如”的意思。 e.g.She is very careful, as (= which) her work shows.It is like a snake, as (= which) a

17、nybody can see. 但要注意，当as从句置于句首时，as不能由which取代。e.g. As he had hoped, he saw the play. 3)as的习惯用语as we all know 众所周知as is well-known 众所周知as has been said before 如上所述as we had expected 正如人们所预料的那样as anybody can see 正如人人都看到的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样关系副词(relative adverbs) when, where, why 等跟在先行词的后面，指代先行词

18、，引出定语从句分别表示时间、地点和原因。在从句中充当状语的作用。1)when 在定语从句中作时间状语 when代替at / in / on / during/since which等，在定语从句中作时间状语。2)where 在定语从句中作地点状语 where代替at / in / to which等，在定语从句中作地点状语。 3)why 在定语从句中作原因状语 why引导从句作reason的定语，可以用for which取代，充当原因状语。注意：当先行词为某个时间/地点/reason时，关系词的选择要依据关系词在从句中的功能。 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句形式上 限制性定语从句前没有“，”

19、 非限制性定语从句前有“，” 关系词 限制性定语从句中，关系词作宾语时可以省略，可以使用that非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略，不用that意义上 限制性定语从句如果删除，主句意义不完整。翻译成“的” 非限制性定语从句只对先行词补充说明，删除后，主句仍然能够表达清楚 e.g.Her brother who/that is now a soldier always encourages her to go to college.她那当兵的哥哥总是鼓励她上大学。 Her brother, who is now a soldier, always encourages her to go to

20、college.她哥哥总是鼓励她上大学，她哥哥是当兵的。 其他考点关系词的省略 只有关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 The young man (who) you saw was our manager.There is something (that) we must keep in mind.在表示方式的“the way”之后的定语从句有三种引导方式I dont like the way you answered my question.I dont like the way that you answered my question.I dont like the way in whic

21、h you answered my question.定语从句中主谓一致的问题 Mr. Smith, who _ now downstairs, _ asking to see you.Mr. Smiths, who _ now downstairs, _ asking to see you.Jeff is one of the students who _ punished.Jeff is the only one of the students who _ punished.I, who _ a senior high student, should learn hardKeys：is,i

22、s;are,are;are;is;am.that使用时候出现的矛盾1. The very chair on _ she is sitting is made of plastics.2. My sister is a nurse, _I am not. Keys:which;who.请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。 1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking. 3. The person to who you spoke is a studen

23、t of Grade Two. 4. The house in that we live is very small. 5. The sun gives off light and warmth, that makes it possible for plants to grow. 6. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library. 7. This is the best film which I have ever seen. 8. My father and Mr. Smith talked about things a

24、nd persons who they remembered in the country. 9. Everything which we saw was of great interest. 10. His dog, that was now very old, became ill and died. 11. The reason which he didnt go to school is that he was ill. 12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands. 13. The boy, his mother died l

25、ast year, studies very hard. 14. I have two sisters, both of them are doctors. 15. Were going to visit the school where your brother works there. 16. He is the only one of the students who have been invited to the English Evening. 17. That is the way which they work. 18. Those have questions can ask

26、 the teachers for advice. 19. Who is the man who has white hairs? 20. I will never forget the days which we had a good time together at the sea. 答案与部分解析: 1. wherethat/which或去掉where。 2. 把for放在looking之后。英语中,有些短语动词,介词或副词不可与动词相分离。又如:look after, run into等。 3. whowhom。尽管在口语中who, whom都能作宾语,但在介词后只能用whom。 4.

27、 thatwhich。 5. thatwhich。that不可以引导非限制性定语从句。 6. whichthat或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no,some, any, little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。 7. whichthat或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only,the very等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。 8. whothat。如果先行词既指人又指物时,常用that引导定语从句。 9. whichthat或去掉which。当先行词为something, anything,everything, nothing,

28、 all等时,常由that引导定语从句。 10. thatwhich。 11. whichwhy/which前加for或去掉which。 12. wantswant。定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词一致。 13. hiswhose。 14. themwhom或both前加and。 15. 去掉there。 16. havehas。当one of+名词复数作先行词时,从句的谓语用复数;但是当one前有the (only)时,从句谓语要用单数。 17. whichthat/which前加in或去掉which。 18. Those后加who。 19. 第二个whothat。当主句是以who 或whi

29、ch开头的疑问句时, 定语从句常用that 引导, 以避免重复。 20. whichwhen或which前加in。选择题1This is the best factory _we visited last year . A. where B. which C. in which D. that2. Is this the factory _computers are built? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that3. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is red.A. whose B. its C. wh

30、ich D. which of4. The man _ has arrived. A. whom I told you B. that I told you C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about5. Do you know the comrade _ we are talking? A. to whom B. to who C. whom D. to that6. They visited the house _ the great writer was born. A. from where B. in which C. which

31、 D. in where7. The comrade _ is speaking at the meeting is my teacher. A. whom B. which C. who D. whose8. He asked us to watch carefully everything _he did in class . A. who B. that C. what D. where9. Ill visit the professor tomorrow, _ he will be back from Shanghai . A. who B. that C. when D. which

32、10. The school _I study is a new one . A. on which B. at where C. on that D. at which11. China has many islands, _ the largest is Taiwan . A. in which B. at which C. which D. of which 12. The city _ my mother grew up is not far from here . A. what B. where C. that D. which13. Our teacher lives in th

33、e house _ door facts to the north . A. which B. his C. that D. whose14. Do you know the man _ your father nodded ? A. whom B. to whom C. to who D. about whom15. Wrestling is a sport in _ people easily get hurt . A. that B. when C. which D. what16. I told you _ I know . A. all that B. all which C. al

34、l what D. all whom17.China has a lot of famous writers ,one _ is Lu Xun . A. of which B. of whom C. of who D. of them18. Is this factory _ we visited last year ? A. in which B. around that C. whom D. the one19. Who is the man _ was there ? A. who B. which C. that D. whom20. Is there anything _ I can

35、 do for you, sir ? A. that B. which C. whose D. who21. I still remember the day _ she first wore that green dress . A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which22. The knife _ we used to cut the bread is very sharp . A. with which B. with it C. with that D. which23. The games _ the young men competed

36、 in were difficult . A. in which B. which C. it D. who Key:1-5DCCDA 6-10 BCBCD 11-15 DBDBC 16-20 ABDCA 21- 23 DAB定语从句练习1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.AwhichBwithCwith itDwith which2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.Aof whomBby thatCby whomDby which3、The clever

37、boy made a hole in the wall, he could see what it was going on inside the house.Aon whichBat whichCthrough whichDin which4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.Ain whichBworn byCthrough whichDon which5、During the days , he worked as a servant at the Brow

38、ns.Athat followedBto followCfollowingDfollowed6、You may take anything useful .Awhich you wantByou want themCwhat you wantDyou want7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.Alike BthatCasDwhich8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.Aof whoBof whomCof whichDof them9、You can take any se

39、at is free.Ain which BthatCwhereDwhich10、Is there anything to you?Athat belongBwhich belongsCthat belongsDthat is belonged11、We hope to get such a tool he is using.AwhereBthatCasDwhich12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.AtillBthatCsinceDwhich13、She hasnt got enough mo

40、ney she buys the rings.Afor whichBwith whichCthatDwhich14、Ive read all the books were borrowed from the library.AtheyBwhichC/Dthat15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.AitBwhereCthatDwhich16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?AitBwhichC/Dthat17、The Second World War millions of people were

41、 killed ended in 1945.Aon whichBwhereCin thatDduring which18、The train she was traveling was lateAon thatBfor whichCon whichDwhich19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.Aon whichBthatCwhenDwhere20、Ill show you a store you may buy all you need.Athat, thatBwhich, thatCwhe

42、re, whichDin which, /21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.Aon whichBon thatCin which Dwhich22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?AwhyBwhichCfor thatDfor why23、Is some German friends visited last week ?Athis school whereBthis school oneCthis the schoolDthis schoo

43、l24、Is there any one in your class family is in the city.AwhoseBwhichCwhosDwho25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?Awhich you talkedBthat you talkedCabout that you talkedDyou talked about26、This is one of the best films this year.Awhich has been shownBthat have been shownCthat have shownDhave

44、been shown27、Do you know the man ?Athat I spokeBI spoke toCto who I spokeDwhom I spoke28、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.Atwo-thirds in whichBtwo-thirds in themCtwo-thirds of them Dof whom two thirds29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.Aneither of themBnone of themCne

45、ither of whichDnone of which30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.Aby itBthrough whichCwith thatDin which31、Do you know the reason he was late?Afor whichBfor whatCwhichDthat32、 has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.AAsBThatCWhatDWhich33、John got beaten in the game, had been

46、expected.AwhoBwhatCthatDas34、Theyre invented me to their party, is kind of them.AthisBthatCwhichDas35、Crusoes dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.AthisBthatCwhichDas36、There isnt so much noise in the country in big cities.AasBwhereCwhichDthat37、I often thought of my childhood, I lived on a

47、 farm.AwhoBwhenCwhereDwhich38、Next month, youll be in your hometown, is coming.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhich39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.AwhichBthatCwhenD/40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.AthatBwhenCwhoDwhich、Fill in the blanks：1、This is

48、the professor taught me chemistry in 1980 .2、The hospital was built five years ago has been modernized.3、This is the boy father died three years ago.4、The film we saw the day before yesterday is very interesting.5、Do you know the student was praised at the meeting?6、1949 is the year the Peoples Repu

49、blic of China was founded.7、They work in a factory makes radio parts.8、They work in a factory radio parts are made.9、This is the vision phone through we can see and talk to our friends.10、Here are players from Japan, some of are our old friends.11、She lives in a small village, is only three miles fr

50、om here.12、She is going to spend the summer holidays in Shanghai, she has some friends.13、Well put off the meeting till next week, we wont be so busy.14、The sun gives the earth light and heat, is very important to the living things.15、Those want to go to the computer room write your names here.16、He

51、 was often late, made his teacher very angry.17、Who is the person is standing at the gate?18、He talked about the teachers and schools he had visited.、Correct the mistakes in the following sentences if there are any:1、He told us about the countries where he had visited.2、Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids.3、China is the country where he spent the best part of his life.4、The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.5、The house st