语法复习专项：定语从句

1、在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句叫定语从句; ;相当于名词和形容词的作用。相当于名词和形容词的作用。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。 连接先行词和从句的词叫做连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或关系代词或关系副词关系副词eg: Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的作用1 1、引导作用、引导作用

2、2 2、替代作用、替代作用 3 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg 1 Those who want to go please sign your names here. 2 This is the house where he was born. 3 Bill, who was here yesterday, asked me a lot of questions.关系代词（关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系的指代关系在限制性定语从句中，当先行词在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物指物时，关系时，关系词可用词可用w

3、hich或或that，二者常可以互换；二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用不用which： (1) 当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词all, a lot, few, much, none, anything, nothing等或等或被不定代词被不定代词all, any, no, much, little, few, every所修饰时。所修饰时。 1. All that can be done has been done. 2. We heard clearly every word that he said. (2) 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰

4、时当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。 The first thing that should be done is to get the tickets. (3) 当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时级所修饰时 Is that the best that you can do? (4) 当先行词被当先行词被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修饰时等所修饰时。 This is the very book that I want to find. (5) 当先行词既指人又指物时当先行词既指人又指物时 S

5、he described in her compositions the people and places that impressed her most. (6) 当主句是以当主句是以which/who开头的特殊疑问句时开头的特殊疑问句时Which is the car that killed the boy? Who is the girl that is talking there?(7) 在在there be 句型结构中句型结构中 There is still a point that I cant understand.(8) 定语从句中缺少表语时定语从句中缺少表语时 China

6、is not the country that it used to be.在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人人时，时，关系词可用关系词可用who(m)或或that，二者常可互换。二者常可互换。 但在下列情况中，但在下列情况中，用用who(m)，而不用而不用that： (1) 当先行词是当先行词是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody 等词时等词时 He was among the few who managed to live through the

7、enemy prison camp. (2) 当先行词是当先行词是he, they, those, people, person等词等词时时He who wants to catch fish just not mind getting wet. 注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用注：在固定结构的谚语或习语中，可用he that He that promises too much means nothing. (3) 当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时当先行词有较长的后置定语修饰时。 Do you know the writer in blue with thick glasses who is

8、speaking at the meeting? (4) 在在分隔式分隔式定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了定语从句中，若先行词指人，为了明确修饰关系，应当用明确修饰关系，应当用who(m)。如。如： A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. I was the only person in my office who was invited. (5) 两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，两个定语从句同时修饰一个指人的先行词，第二个定语从句常用第二个定语从句常用who(m)来引导，如来引导，如： She is the o

9、nly girl (that) I know who can play the guitar. whenwhere / in whichwhy / for which(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，用逗号隔开，也不可省略也不可省略，否则全句意义就不，否则全句意义就不完整。完整。 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? (2)非限

10、制性定语从句只是对先行词作非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。用逗号与主句隔开。This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. (3)两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有有涉他性涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有，而

11、非限制性定语从句具有唯一性唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。 His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个只有一个） His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个不止一个） 引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, as, when 和和 where不可以用不可以用that和和why 另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列另外，非限制性定语从句

12、从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。用并列句或简单句来表达。I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. 关系代词关系代词as可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从可以引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，句，as在从句中作在从句中作主语、宾语或表语主语、宾语或表语；引导限；引导限制性定语从句常用于下列

13、句式：制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such+名词名词+asso+形容词形容词+名词名词+asthe same+名词名词+as像像一样的，像一样的，像之类的之类的和和同样的同样的This is such a difficult problem as nobody in my class can work out.This is such a difficult problem that nobody in my class can work it out.This is so difficult a problem that nobody in my class can work it out.

14、 定语从句定语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句状语从句Your dictionary is the same one as I bought the other day.The dictionary is the same one that I lent you. 不是同一本不是同一本同一本书同一本书考点考点1 关系代词和关系副词的选用关系代词和关系副词的选用在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语在选择引导词时，重要的是分析一下定语从句的成分，从句的成分，若从句若从句缺缺主语、宾语、表语、定语主语、宾语、表语、定语 ，必须，必须用用关系代词关系代词若从句中若从句中不缺不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用主语

15、、宾语或表语，必须用关系副词关系副词a This is the place _ he works. This is the place _ we visited last year.b That was the time _ he arrived. Do you still remember the days _ we spent together?c This is the reason _ he went. The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.d His father works in a factory _ radio parts a

16、re made. His father works in a factory _ makes radio parts. where / in which(which/that)when(which/that)why / for which(which/that)wherewhich/that考点考点2 介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词 只能用只能用which / whom / whose In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to whom

17、 she could turn for help. Recently I bought an vase, the price of which was very reasonable. Mr Smith, in whose department she worked, came to see her.【2】“复合介词短语复合介词短语+关系代词关系代词” 这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用都逗号分开，从句常用分开，从句常用倒装语序倒装语序 He lived in a big house, in front of which _(耸立一棵大树耸立一棵大树).

18、【3】介词】介词+which / whom+不定式结构不定式结构 The poor man has no house in which to live.= The poor man has no house to live in.= The poor man has no house in which he can live.a big tall treestood 1. Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2. I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3. He gave m

19、e some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/ whom/ that I will look after.5. 译：这是我要照顾的小孩。译：这是我要照顾的小孩。4. He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar with.which / that / 不填不填7. (06浙江浙江) I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed.

20、A. of that B. of which C. that D. which6. I recognized the boss in company my sister was working. whose做题技巧做题技巧?3. _ is known to all, he is the best student.4. Jim passed the driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. Aswhichasthatwhich1. It is such a big stone _ nobody can lift.2. It is suc

21、h a big stone _ nobody can lift it.asthat考点考点3 as的用法的用法归纳归纳：as引导引导限制性定语从句限制性定语从句先行词前常被先行词前常被such, the same, so, as 修饰，即构成修饰，即构成suchas , the same as, soas, 结构，做题时容易忽略。结构，做题时容易忽略。as在定语从句中应充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。在定语从句中应充当成分：主语、宾语或表语。as 与与which引导引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句都能指代整句都能指代整句内容内容，但定语从句位于，但定语从句位于句首句首时，只能用时，只能用 as

22、, 意为意为“正如正如、恰如恰如”。 as多用于一些习惯用语中：多用于一些习惯用语中：as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样正如人人都能看到的那样as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知众所周知as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样正如我们所预料的那样as often happens 正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样as has been said before 如上所述如上所述as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的当主句中出现当主句中出现such 或或so 时时,看后面

23、从句看后面从句(1)缺缺主语或宾语主语或宾语,从句前用从句前用as(2)不缺不缺主语和宾语主语和宾语,从句前用从句前用that当主句中出现当主句中出现the same时时, 后面从句缺主语后面从句缺主语或宾语时与或宾语时与as搭配表搭配表同一类同一类事物事物,与与that搭配搭配表表同一个同一个事物事物做题技巧做题技巧?是否缺主语或宾语是否缺主语或宾语:考点考点4 the way为先行词为先行词The way _ you thought of to solve the problem is wonderful.A which B in which C whom D whoseI dont li

24、ke _ you learn English.A the way B the way in thatC the way which D the way of which1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。 where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是引导的

25、定语从句先行词大多数情况下是 表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。考点考点5一些特殊词之后的一些特殊词之后的where解析：如果定语从句分别修饰解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引引导，意思是导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. （06山东）山东） A

26、. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . （06江西）江西） A. why B. where C. how D. /高考题链接：高考题链接：做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择做题要灵活：要分析句子成分，选择恰当的关系词。恰当的关系词。 1. We feed children _are hungry. A whom we think B who we think C we think who D

27、we think whom2. He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A which I think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is考点考点6 注意插入语注意插入语考点考点7 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1 I, who _ your husband, should be responsible for you. (be)2 He is one of the students wh

28、o _ been to America. He is the (only) one of the students who _ been to America. (have)3 To own a computer in families, which we thought_ impossible 20 years ago, now becomes true. (be)amhavehaswas考点考点8 what 与与 定语从句引导词定语从句引导词which/that1 Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the pol

29、ice. A which B what C whatever D that2 He came late again, _ made his teacher very angry. _ made the teacher angry was that he came late again. _ made the teacher angry that he came late again. A it B what C whichCBA1 Ill do everything all /everything I can _ you. A help B to help2 They spent as muc

30、h time as they could_ on the project. A work B working3 After a heated discussion, they agreed on the way I thought of _ the problem. A solve B solving C to solve4 The letter Im looking forward to _ this morning. A arrived B arriving C arrive The theory they stuck to_ right. A proving B proved C was

31、 proved考点考点9 与定语从句有关的句子与定语从句有关的句子5 He often speaks of the trouble he _ helping the orphan. He often speaks of the trouble he _ to help the orphan. A had B founded C taken D took6. With everything she needed _ , she went home. A buy B to buy C bought考点考点9 与定语从句有关的句子与定语从句有关的句子hadtook8 There are 55 stu

32、dents in their class, most of _ are boys.9 There are 55 students in their class, most of them _ boys. 10 There are 55 students in their class _ most of them are boys. wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book. where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型定语从句与强调句定语

33、从句与强调句3. -Where did you last see Mr. Smith? -It was in the hotel_ I lived. A. that B. which C. where D. when 近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句近年来，高考对定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。考点考点10 综合考查综合考查定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句1. We all have heard

34、the news_ our team won.2. We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that (that/which)定语从句与定语从句与表表语从句语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. （05 江苏）江苏） A. which; where B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which that/which不能无先行词不能无先行词找准先行词找准先行词看成分判断关系词看成分判断关系词（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）1. We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2. We should go to the place_ needs us most. A. it B. where C. that D. whatBC对比训练对比训练 1. It was October_we met in 1. It was October_we met in Damiao Damiao for the first