高三语法复习——非谓语动词课件

1、 Grammar Grammar 非谓语动词功能比较非谓语动词功能比较 to doto do的复合结构的复合结构 -ing-ing form form的复合结构的复合结构 非谓语动词的否定式非谓语动词的否定式 -ing-ing form form 与与 pp pp 的区别的区别 1.谓语动词与非谓语动词：谓语动词与非谓语动词： 在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做在句子中担任谓语的动词，叫做谓语动词谓语动词；在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动在句子中担任主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语等的动词，叫做词，叫做非谓语动词非谓语动词。We should serve the people heart

2、and soul.I am reading a novel.She found English hard to learn.Seeing is believing.The results obtained are quite satisfactory. Please stop speaking.（谓语谓语） （谓语谓语）（状语状语）（主语主语和和表语表语） （定语定语）（宾语宾语）2.非谓语动词的分类非谓语动词的分类 不定式不定式(infinitive) 分词（分词（participle） 动名词（动名词（gerund） 3.非谓语动词的特点非谓语动词的特点 1) 不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词

3、或情态动词不能单独做谓语，但可和助动词或情态动词 组成谓语。组成谓语。 You ought to have been here yesterday. 2) 具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语或状语。 The Party called on us to serve the people .3) 连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。连系动词的非谓语动词形式后还可以带表语。 The students ran out of the classroom, laughing merrily .To be frank, your plan is not practi

4、cable. 主主语语表表语语宾宾语语定定语语补补语语状状语语 to do -ing form pp Playing with fire is dangerous. Look out！To play with fire is dangerous.主语主语1. to do 表示具体的动作，表示具体的动作， -ing form 表示泛指的动作。表示泛指的动作。2. 不定式短语作主语时不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语，往往放在谓语之后，用之后，用 it 作形式主语。作形式主语。 It is right to give up smoking. It made me very happy to hear

5、 her talk about it. Itbe名词名词to do Its our duty to take good care of the old. It takes sb+some time+to do How long did it take you to finish the work? Itbe形容词形容词for sbto do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. Itbe形容词形容词of sbto do It is stupid of you to wr

6、ite down everything the teacher says. It seems(appears)形容词形容词to do It seemed impossible to save money. （for 引出引出动作动作发出者）发出者）It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. kind, good, nice, wise, unwise

7、, clever, foolish, cruel, careless, stupid, naughty, polite, impolite, silly, wrong, brave, honest, noble，right, rude等等 It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.注意：注意：常用在常用在 of 句型中的句型中的 adj 有：有：You are very kind to give me some help.You are im

8、polite to speak to the teacher like that.主语主语（of 引出引出 adj 修饰的对象）修饰的对象）It is + adj + of sb to do sth 3.“there is no +doing”句型动名词后常带宾语，相当句型动名词后常带宾语，相当于于Its impossible to结构。结构。 Theres no saying what hell be doing next. Theres no telling what hes going to do. 4. Its +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a wast

9、e of time)+doing Its no good reading in dim(昏暗的）昏暗的）light. Its no use sitting here waiting. 不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执不定式作主语经常表示具体动作，常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作，行者联系在一起；而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作，经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起。 Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat. The

10、officers narrowly escaped _ in the hot battle.(kill) Dont you remember_ the man before? (see) “Have you decided when _?” “Yes, tomorrow morning.”(leave) She pretended _ me when I passed by.(not see)宾语宾语 to leavebeing killednot to seeseeing 考点一考点一: demand, want, expect, promise, determine, refuse, of

11、fer, fail, manage, learn, agree, seem, hope, decide, prepare, pretend, wish, start, afford 等等 + to do宾语宾语 注意：注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补宾语补足语，足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用而用 it 作作 形式宾语形式宾语。 I find / feel it interesting to work with him find / think / feel / make / consider it +a

12、dj / n + to do sth. My teacher made it a rule only to speak English in class. 考点二考点二: admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, deny, enjoy，escape, excuse，face，fancy (设想设想), feel like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，pardon, practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，cant help

13、，cant stand (无法忍受无法忍受) 等等 + doing宾语宾语 考点三：考点三：forget，remember，regret ， go on，like，mean， stop，try 等动词可带动名词或不定式等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。作宾语，但意义上有区别。 I remember doing the exercise. I must remember to do it. I mean to come early today. Missing the train means waiting for another hour我我记得做过记得做过练习练习 我必须我必须

14、记记得去得去做做这事这事我我打算打算今早些来今早些来误了这趟火车误了这趟火车意味着意味着再等一个小时再等一个小时宾语宾语 regret to say / tell / inform 考点四：考点四： allow，advise，forbid，permit + doing allow，advise，forbid，permit + sb to do be allowed / advised / forbidden / permitted + to do We dont allow _here. We don t allow students_. Students are not allow _.sm

15、okingto smoke宾语宾语 to smoke 考点五：考点五：在短语在短语 devote to，look forward to，stick to, be used to，object to， get down to, be ( kept) busy，be worth, have difficulty trouble problem (in)，have a good wonderful hard time (in) + doing如：如：I look forward to _from you soon.hearing宾语宾语 考点六考点六: 动词动词 need, require, wan

16、t 作作“需要需要”解，解， + doing to be done The window requires _. _.cleaningto be cleaned1.The story was _,we were all _.(move)2.There is a _ expression on his face. Maybe the problem is too difficult for him.(puzzle)3.With his son too_, the father was sad.(dispoint)定语和表语定语和表语disappointingpuzzledmoving, move

17、d作表语时或定语时作表语时或定语时， - -inging form form 与与 pp pp 的区别的区别-ing form表示表示“令人令人” , pp表示表示“感到感到”，interesting使人感到高兴-interested感到高兴的 exciting令人激动的-excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的-delighted感到高兴的 disappointing令人失望的-disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的-encouraged感到鼓舞的 pleasing令人愉快的-pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的-puzzled感到费解

18、的 satisfying令人满意的-satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的-surprised感到惊异的 worrying令人担心的-worried感到担心的eg. He attends the meeting being held in the room now.He attended the meeting held yesterday. He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.2.表示被修饰词的内容时，表示被修饰词的内容时， 用用to do.eg. She has a strong wish to go to co

19、llege. the way / chance / ability / right / willingness to do1. 从时态上看，从时态上看，-ing form 表示正在进行的动作表示正在进行的动作, pp表示已经完成的动作表示已经完成的动作, to do表示将来的动作。表示将来的动作。定语定语注意：不定式动词在介词注意：不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动行为动词词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式式不带不带to，否则要，否则要带带to。 She could do no

20、thing but cry What do you like to do besides swim? I have no choice but to go 定语定语 singing competition swimming pool dining car opening speech drinking cup living room typing paper waiting room writing desk washing machine frying-pan sleeping-pill walking stick teaching method动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的动名词作定语表示被

21、修饰名词的用途用途定语定语I found him _the money. (steal)I found the money _.When he came to himself, he found himself _by an old lady. ( look after)I often hear Mary _this English song. -ing form与宾语为主动关系，强调动作正在进行；与宾语为主动关系，强调动作正在进行； pp与宾语为被动关系，强调动作已经完成；与宾语为被动关系，强调动作已经完成； (to) do只单纯表示一个事实，强调动作的全过程。只单纯表示一个事实，强调动作的

22、全过程。补足语补足语stealing stolen being looked aftersing 注意注意2：在在 feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice，observe，see，watch，have，1et，make 等词后的补足语中，不定式等词后的补足语中，不定式不带不带to。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就。但是这些句中如果变成被动结构时，就必须带必须带to。 注意注意1： ask, advise, allow, permit, get, beg, cause, command, order, force, oblige, encourage, instr

23、uct, remind, warn, want, wish, expect, prefer, would like, call on, depend on, ask for, wait for, help + sb to doI often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song 补足语补足语 -ing form 与与 pp 作状语作状语现在分词现在分词(短语短语)与与过去分词过去分词(短语短语)作状语作状语, 表示表示时时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况 等。等。

24、When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us. United, we stand; divided, we fall. (=When / If we are united ) Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.(1)表示时间表示时间(2)表示原因表示原因 Being sick, I stayed at home. She caught co

25、ld sitting on the grass.(3)表示条件表示条件Adopting this method, we will raise the average yield（产量）（产量） by 40 percent.Even if invited, I wont go.(4)表示让步表示让步Admitting what she has said, I still think that she hasnt tried her best.(5)表示结果表示结果It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.It raine

26、d for two weeks on end, completelyruining our holiday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况表示方式或伴随情况He ran up to her breathing heavily.Please fill in the form, giving your name, addressSurrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the room.作作状语状语时的区别：时的区别：They worked hard to pay for the necklace.I went to see

27、 him only to find him out. I am glad to see you.to do 表示表示 1. 目的目的; 2. 结果结果表示出人预料的情况或结表示出人预料的情况或结 果。常用果。常用only强调。强调。 3. 原因原因表示造成情感变化的原因。表示造成情感变化的原因。目的目的结果结果原因原因状语状语-ing / pp 表示表示时间、原因、条件、方式、时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随情况伴随情况等等等等,In order to pass the exam，he worked very hard We ran all the way so as not to be late

28、 2. 在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。在作表语用的形容词后面作状语。 I am very glad to hear it. The question is difficult to answer 3. too + adj/ adv + to do 作状语作状语 He is too old to do that 4. enough + adj/adv + to do 作状语作状语 The room is big enough to hold us 1. 目的状语目的状语: in order to 或或 so as toto do 作作状语状语的其它几种情况的其它几种情况:5. so / such

29、 as to do 表结果表结果He was so angry as to be unable to speak.I am not such a fool as to believe you.分词的时态和语态分词的时态和语态： 与主语动词与主语动词同时同时，应用应用现在分词现在分词。 分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强强调先后调先后， 要用要用 having done。The secretary worked late into the night, _a long speech for the president. (prepare)_ a r

30、eply, he decided to write again. (receive)_in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well_by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smokingHaving studiedpreparingNot having receivedHaving been criticized 分词作分词作插入语插入语 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generally speaking一般说来一般说来talking of

31、(speaking of) 说道说道 strictly speaking 严格的说严格的说judging from 从从判断判断 all things considered 从整体来看从整体来看taking all things into consideration全面看来全面看来 given / considering 考虑到考虑到 supposing , provided, providing 假若假若 例如：例如：Given his age, he did very well. Supposing she doesnt come, what shall we do?动词不定式动词不定式作

32、插入语作插入语表明说话人的立场或态度表明说话人的立场或态度, 在句中作独立成分。在句中作独立成分。to be honest / frank / fair / ； to tell you the truth;to begin / start with ； to cut / make a long story short; to get (back) to the point ； to make things / matters worse; to put it another way ； not to speak of eg.To be honest, I have never heard of

33、 Winston Churchill. He knows English and French, not to speak of German.He decided He decided not tonot to do it. do it.She wished She wished never tonever to see him again. see him again.Not seeingNot seeing John,I asked where he was. John,I asked where he was.Not having doneNot having done it righ

34、t, I tried again. it right, I tried again.His not comingHis not coming made me a little angry. made me a little angry.inging form form的复合结构的复合结构1. 形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词/名词所有格名词所有格+ing form Toms coming his coming2. 代词宾格代词宾格/名词名词+ing form Tom coming him coming 主语主语表语表语 宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语1. Do you mind opening

35、the door?2. Going there saved us a good deal of trouble.3. Being late again made the teacher angry.Do you mind me/my opening Toms going there saved us a good His being late again made说出说出-ing-ing form form 动作的执行者时，须用复合结构动作的执行者时，须用复合结构 独立主格结构独立主格结构 （ 所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑语不是句

36、子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。）主语时，叫独立主格结构。）A)1. Today _( be ) Sunday, the library doesnt open. 2. There _( be ) no buses, we had to walk home.3. The signal _( give ), the bus started.4. Weather _ ( permit ), well visit the Great Wall.5. A teacher from England _( teach ) us English, were sure to learn it

37、well.6. With him _( give ) us a lead, our team is to win.7. With the worker _( lead ), the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.8. Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom, with nobody _( stop ) them.9. He was looking at the screen again, with the

38、machine _( turn ) on.10. The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _( stare ) at her.11. With the machinery _( do ) all the work, we finished the task last month.12. She lay on the grass with her eyes _( close ).13. You might catch a cold with your feet _( expose). 解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，

39、若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词必定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后的应是哪一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻看谓语动词有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。另外，在确定用另外，在确定用-ing形式还是用形式还是用-ed形式，用形式，用t

40、o do还是用还是用to be done时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑时，都是由该非谓语动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：充当句充当句子成分子成分宾语宾语 表语表语状语状语定语定语宾补宾补逻辑逻辑主语主语句子的主语句子的主语所修饰所修饰的词的词句子的句子的宾语宾语例例1the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is base

41、d on the following story. (2008年广东年广东) 分析：因句中已有谓语分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而，而“plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”是是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，因此，help应是非谓语动词；应是非谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长帮助禾苗长”是是“将禾苗拨起来将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填动词不定式，故填to help。例例2While she was getting me _34_ (sett

42、le) into a tiny but clean room(2007年广东年广东) 分析：因句中已有谓语分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，可知，me与与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填故填settled。考点击破考点击破一、单句填空：一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercis

43、e for both young and old. (全国全国)2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. (上海上海)3. Please remain _(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁辽宁)4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _(smoke) here. (江苏江苏) Walking arguing seated smoking 5.

44、 It is difficult to imagine his _(accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西陕西)6. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京北京)7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _ (repair). (陕西陕西)8.

45、 Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南湖南)accepting to stop workingto be repaired living 9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(not take) his advice! (安徽安徽)10. If you think that treating a

46、 woman well means always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南湖南)11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全国全国)12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _ (not talk) at meals. (江苏江苏)not taking getting b

47、eing opened and closed not talking 13. Isnt it time you got down to _(mark) the papers? (重庆重庆)14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海上海)15. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海上海)16. Having been ill in

48、 bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _ (pass) the exam. (福建福建)marking setting walking passing 17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _ (watch) TV. (上海上海)18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _ (happen) again. (全国全国)19. Did you have

49、trouble in_ (find) the post office? (全国全国)20. Sandy could do nothing but _ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海上海)watching happening finding admit 21. I smell something _ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国全国)22. Dont leave the water _ (run) while you brush your teet

50、h. (天津天津)23. It was so cold that they kept the fire _ (burn) all night. (全国全国)24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. (全国全国)burning running burning carried 25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _ (speak) as much a

51、s we can. (江苏江苏)26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _(interest) in his lectures. (江苏江苏)27. Energy drinks are not allowed _(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海上海) 28. My advisor encouraged me _(take) a summer course to improve my writing s

52、kills. (北京北京) spoken interested to be made to take 29. My parents have always made me _(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江苏江苏)30. They knew her very well. They had seen her _ (grow) up from childhood. (全国全国)31. The mother felt herself _ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read

53、 the letter from the battlefield. (上海上海)32. Paul doesnt have to be made _ (learn). He always works hard. (全国全国) feel grow grow to learn 33. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建福建)34. John received an invitation to d

54、inner, and with his work _ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽安徽)35. With a lot of difficult problems _ (settle), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海上海)36. The director had her assistant _(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全国全国)filling finished to settle pick 37. Did Peter

55、 fix the computer himself? He had it _(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. (安徽安徽)38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ (improve) in a short period. (福建福建)39. Helen had to shout to make herself _ (hear) above the sound of the music. (广西广西)

56、40. Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川四川)fixed improved heard saying 41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南湖南)42. _(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the wa

57、rmth of spring. (安安徽徽)43. _ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建福建)44. _ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建福建)moving Walking Having waited Blamed 45. He hurried to the booking o

58、ffice only _ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. (陕西陕西)46. European football is played in 80 countries, _ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全国全国)47. You were silly not _(lock) your car. (湖南湖南)48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _(breathe).

59、(宁夏宁夏) to be told making to have locked to breathe 49. _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南湖南)50. When _ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西江西)51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _(water)

60、 every day. (四川四川)52. When _(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江浙江)To complete asked watered comparing 53. The last one _(arrive) pays the meal. Agree! (全国全国)54. The trees _(blow) in the storm have been moved off the