[虚拟语气]概要

1、Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气英语动词有三种语气，英语动词有三种语气， 陈述语气，祈使语气和虚陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。拟语气。一、陈述语气一、陈述语气 (The Indicative Mood): 用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、 否定、疑问或感叹等形式。否定、疑问或感叹等形式。 The sun is larger than the earth. Does Tom usually get up very early? What a clever boy!二、祈使语气二、祈使语气(The Imperative Mood)

2、 用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等。Wait outside until you are asked . Lets just take a break, shall we ？ The Subjective Mood 虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、虚拟语气表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，即动词所表示怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现 。V. + ed (were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原

3、)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ ed.2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。 与现在事实相反与现在事实相反If I_ you, I should stay at home. If I _the time, I would make a trip to Italy to see the Leaning tower. werehad 与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 If you _yester

4、day, you would have met him. (come)If the hurricane _during the daytime， there would have been many deaths.(happen)had comehad happened与将来事实相反与将来事实相反 If you came tomorrow, we _the meeting. (have) If it _tomorrow, the meeting would be put off. (rain)would havewere to/should rain虚拟语气的几种特殊用法虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

5、从句省略从句省略 if, 用倒装句式用倒装句式“were, had, should+主主语语”a. Were I in school again, I would work harder. b. Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. c. Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come. 陈述语气与虚拟语气陈述语气与虚拟语气典型例题典型例题1) The volleyball match will be put off if it _. A.will rain B. rains C

6、. rained D. is rained2) - Would you have called her up _ possible? - Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework. A. had it been was B. if it was were C. if it had been had been D. if it were would beB该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是 will be put off。真。真实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。实条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。问句中用的是虚拟语

7、气，主句用问句中用的是虚拟语气，主句用 would have called, 从从句中与过去相反的动词形式为句中与过去相反的动词形式为 had done；答句中表示；答句中表示的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。的是真实的情况，所以该用陈述语气。A用介词短语代替条件状语从句。（含蓄虚拟用介词短语代替条件状语从句。（含蓄虚拟条件句）条件句） Without air, there would be no living things. I would not have succeeded but for your help. Without your help, I would have failed

8、c. I was ill that day .otherwise ,I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副词副词)d. He telephoned to inform me of your birthday , or I would have known nothing about it .(连词连词) e. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. Without electricity = If there were no electricitywithout和和but fo

9、r,otherwise 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。(but for要要不是不是) 有时条件从句中的动作和有时条件从句中的动作和主主句中的动作句中的动作发生的时间不一致，发生的时间不一致，(错综错综时间时间条件句）条件句）如：如：If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be quite all right now. 假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句所假设的谓语动词不一致，叫做错综条件虚拟语气。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。句和从句的谓语动词要依照假

10、设的时间而定。If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now.Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be Withoutwould bePractice:假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好的多。会好的多。You much better now if you my advice.would behad taken要不是你误了公共汽车的话，我

11、们现在正要不是你误了公共汽车的话，我们现在正在听音乐会呢在听音乐会呢If you_the bus,we _the concert now.hadnt missedwould be enjoying 经典题目经典题目1. If you _ him yesterday, you _ what to do now. asked would know had asked would have knownC. asked him know D. had asked would know2. What would have happened, _ as far as the river bank? A.

12、Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked fartherCD高考题点击高考题点击3 You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drovedidnt getB. had drivenwouldnt have got C. drovewouldnt get D. were drivingwouldnt get 4 It is hard for me to imagine w

13、hat I would be doing today if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.(02 上海) A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall前句用的是陈述语气，表示过去发生的事；后句是虚拟语气，表示与过去相反。BB该句主句中用的是与现在相反的虚拟语气，而从句中使用的是与过去相反的虚拟语气。全句意思为“如果我不在七岁时迷上了我们家乡的 Melinda Cox Lib

14、rary，我真不能想象我今天会做什么。”二二. 虚拟语气特殊句型虚拟语气特殊句型:Wish的宾语从I wish I _a bird.I wish he _that. (do)I wish I _rich in the future.werehadnt donewould be1.Wish 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 2. would rather that现在现在:过去过去:未来未来:1)I would rather you paid me now.2)I would rather you had attended the meeting yesterday.3)Dont come. I w

15、ould rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时记住记住Wish1) 现在：用过去式现在：用过去式2)将来将来:(would/could) do 3)过去：过去： (had done)would rather1) 现在现在或或将来将来:用过去式用过去式2) 过去过去: (had done)1. How I wish every family _ a large house with a beautiful garden! (02 上海) A. hasB. hadC. will haveD. had had2. When a pencil

16、is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. (95 N) A. breaksB. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenBC3. as if /though + Clause 现在：现在：过去：过去：过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时1)She loves the baby as if it were her own son.2)It seems that it were spring.3)I remember the whole thing as if it had happened

17、yesterday.4)They talked as if they had been friends for years. 5)He looks as if he were drunk.4. If only 要是就好了要是就好了与现在与现在 事实相反事实相反 过去时（过去时（were）与过去事实相反与过去事实相反 had+过去分词过去分词与将来与将来 事实相反事实相反 would/could/might+动词动词原形原形1)If only I knew his name! 2)If only we had followed your advice!3) If only I could see

18、 him again! Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 过去时过去时Should不可省略不可省略 +V.6. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议的虚拟语气。建议的虚拟语气。使用使用should + 动词原形动词原形, 或者将或者将should省略。省略。宾语从句中常见动词宾语从句中常见动词: 一个坚持一个坚持, 两个命令两个命令, 三个建议三个建议, 四个要求。即四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). de

19、mand, require, request, desireI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建议建议” 或或“坚持要某人做某事时坚持要某人做某事时”, 即它们用于其即它们用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“坚持认为坚持认为”时时,宾宾语从句用陈述语气。语从句用陈述语气。1. The guard at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey)

20、 the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospitals at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句包括主语从句, 表语从句和同位语也要表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气, 从句中的动词

21、形式一样。从句中的动词形式一样。order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desireIts suggested that the plan be carried out.My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.7. Its necessary/strange/natural/ important/a pi

22、ty/no wonder/impossible + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即即(should)+动词原形动词原形It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.考题点击：考题点击：1. Is it necessary that he _ the examination? A. takes B. h

23、as to takeC. must takeD. take2. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has toldDB 小试牛刀小试牛刀1.If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2.The fire _ if you had been more careful .A. wou

24、ld not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt 3. You didnt let me drive . If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4.If it _ rain , the crops would be saved . A. should

25、 B. will C. is going to D. was to 5. _ today , he would get to Germany by Friday . A. Was he leaving B. Were he to leave C. Would he leave D. If he leaves 6.If he _ it , he _ it. A. had seen ; could have believed B. saw ; couldnt believe C. saw ; couldnt have believed D. has seen ; had believed 7.-

26、He is a very brave man . -Yes , I wish I _his courage . A. have B. had C. will have D. may have 8. I wish I _ able to tell him all about it last night . was B. were C. had been D. should go 9.I wish I _ you yesterday . seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see10. I wish I _ ten years younger . A. a

27、m B. were C. am going to D. be 11.I wish that you _.get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job12. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 13. -You _ have set aside more time t

28、o play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you know how busy I was .should; would B. could ; did C. might ; should D. should ; had 14. I cant send her an invitation . I wish I _ her new address . A. know B. will know C. have known D. knew15. - Would you like to work in my company ? - Sorry , Id rathe

29、r _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your company . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 16. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done 17. -How does your aunt act ? - She acts as if

30、 she _ an expert . A. were B. was C. is D. has been 18. The child talks to us as if he _ a grown-up . A. is B. will be C. had been D. were 19. I remember the story as though I _ . A. just read it B. have just read it C. had just read it D. were just reading it .20. When a pencil is partly in a glass

31、 of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has breaks C. were broken D. had been broken21. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 22. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began 23.- Tommy , isnt it time

32、 you _ the school bus ?- Okay, I _ my breakfast .A. should catch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishingC. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 24. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started 25. Fra

33、nklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B. were C. had been D. has been 26. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A.is B. were C. has been D. be 27. Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable . A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait 28. The professor gave orders

34、that the test _ before 5:30 pm. A, be finished B. will finish C, must be finished D. should finished 29. My father was strict . He requested that I _ television on week nights . A, mustnt watch B. not watch C, couldnt watch D. dont watch 30. Marys uncle insists_ in this hotel . A, not staying B. not

35、 to stay C. that he not stay D. staying not 31.We demanded that he _ the bill by the end of this month . must pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid 32. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip . A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had better bring 33. Its one oclock in the morning . It

36、s high time that you _ your store . A, close B. should close C. have closed D. had closed 34. It _ hard now , otherwise we could go out to play .A. rained B. rains C. is raining D. would rain 35. I was ill that day , otherwise I _ the sports meet . would take part in B. had taken part in C. took par

37、t in D. would have taken part in 36. But for the party , he _ of hunger 30 year ago . A. would have died B. must have died C. would die D. died 37. Without your help , I _ the exam last term . A. would have passed B. wouldnt pass C. would have failed D. failed in 38. They helped me a lot . I dont know what I _ without their help . would do B. had done C. would have done D. will have done 39. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball ,