(完整)高中-同位语从句详细讲解与练习(附答案)

1、同位语从句讲义1定义：用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。2用法：同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, repeport, remar等，关联词多用从属连词。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were 对你生病这件事，他们都很焦虑。Where did you get the idea that I could not come?哪儿听说我不能来？Early in the day came the n ews that Germa ny had declared

2、war on 德国 i已对俄国宣战的消息一大早就传来了。注：同位语从句偶尔由从属连词 whether引导。如：I have no idea whether he II con我不r知道他是否来。连接代词who, which, wha和连接副词where,when, why how亦可引导同位语从句。The questi on who should do the work requires con sidera谁该干这项工作，这个问题需要考虑。We haven t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer 哪儿

3、去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。It is a question how he did那是一个他如何做了此事的问题。1. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句之区别？that引导的同位语从句that引导的定语从句句法功能上that只起连接从句的作用，无意义。在从句中不充当句子成分。不可省。that替代先行词在从句中不仅起连接作用，还充当一个句子成分。如在从句中作动词的宾语时可省略。意义上从句是被修饰名词的内容。从句起限定作用，是定语如：The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is tr同位语从句，that不可省）李先生将是我们的

4、新英语老师这个消息是真的。 The news （that） he told me yesterday is tri定语从句，that在从句中作的宾语，可省）他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。2些表示 建议、命令、要求”的名词后所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气should+动词原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this （should） be settled as soon as p这s就是 我们唯一的请求：尽快解决这个问题。同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（

5、短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。详细信息一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child s teacher, will be visiting us on Tues王0先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2. 短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for

6、the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语But now the questi on comes to their min ds,“ Did she die young because she was ai是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocea n ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开至 U五大湖，让表姐妹俩 感到吃惊。同位语从句用法同位语部分是

7、个句子，就是同位语从句，这种用法比较固定”一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had wo n.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news, idea, fact, promise , question , doubt , thought , hope, message, suggestion, words （消息）， possibility 等。I ve come from Mr wang with a message that he wort

8、 be able to see you this after noon. 我从王先生那里来，他让我告 诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that , whether ,连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引导同位语从句。）He must an swer the questi on whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had f

9、led the city .他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的弓I导词，引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thi nking is quite wron g. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完 全错误的。（作idea的同位语）【注意1】在某些名词（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用

10、虚拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impressi on he was board ing the Tokyo pla ne.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要 登上飞往东京的飞机了。2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）The questi on whether we should c

11、all in a specialist was an swered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来E。【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which弓丨导同位语从句1）.1 have no idea what size shoes she wears我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（ what 作定语）2）.I have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of personal tas我不知道哪种酒最好，

12、 这是个人口味的问题。（which 作定语）3）.The question who will take his place is still not clear.（who 作主语）4.连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词 when, where, how, whyWe haven t yet settled the questi on where we are going to spe nd our summer vacation到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还 没有决定。同位语从句-相关语法一、同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news, idea, fact, pro

13、mise, hope, message等）的后面，用以说明该名词 所表达的具体内容。I ve come from Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this aft我n从on先生那边得知一个消息， 他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door ope n whe n she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门

14、 关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。Where did you get the idea that I could not come ?你在哪儿听说我不能来？三、 同位语从句的语气在suggestion, advice, request, order等意为建议；命令；要求的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer 老师给我们提出了一些如

15、何使用电脑的建议。四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situation thought, fact, evide nee, belief, doubt, fear, hope,question, theory, news, order, ability 等等。How did the cheats expla in the fact that the Emperor did nt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣， 对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的？代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些 动词

16、或短语动词后作 宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于主语+be+表语”结构。You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.（=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.） 你要当 心，别让孩子们着凉了。同位语从句

17、-语法区别 与定语从句的的语法区别:1意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句）We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个new

18、s而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句）2. 引导词的不同what, how, if, whatever等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。4. 被修饰词语的区别同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广

19、泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如 why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词 the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：I have no idea when they will come .我不知道他们什么时候来。（同位语从句）I ll never forget the days when I lived there.我永远不会忘记我住在那儿的日子。（定语从句）同位语从句-特殊形式1间隔同位语从句同位语从句通常是跟在它解释或说明的名词后，但有些情况下，由于句子结构的原因，同位语从句不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的

20、词隔开。A warm thought suddenly came to me that I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday简析：由于that从句太长，为避免句子失去平衡，此处用了间隔同位语从句2.suggestion,request和order等名词后的同位语从句用虚拟语气。She made a request that the doctor（should）be sent for at once 她请求立即请医生来。简析：suggesti on, order，request, prop

21、osal， requireme nt，comma nd，advice，propositi on 禾口 recomme ndati on 等名词 后接同位语从句时，从句中的谓语动词要用“（should+动词原形”的形式，其中should 一词可省略。3短语及固定句式后的同位语从句I will come on condition that John is invited.如果约翰也被邀请的话，我就来。简析： 短语 On condition, on supposition, on the ground（s）, on the understanding, with the exception, in

22、spite of the fact, on the assumption及句式 There BE+no doubt（hope,chance,possibility,后的 that从句为同位语从句。同位语从句-雅思例句1 I have a dream that one day, all roads will be made pla in.2 We hold this truth to be self-evident that all men are created equal.3 Some people hold the opinion that the Internet is a curse.

23、4 Museums play a role of educati on for the simple reas on that they provide people with a good opport uni tyto have a deeper un dersta nding of their own coun trys traditi on and cultures.同位语从句练习题用适当的连接词填空：It worried her a bither hair was tur ning gray2.1 have no ideawe can do with these waste mate

24、rials.3. the doctor really doubts ismy mother will recover from the serious disease soon.4.It is hopedn ature will n ever be destroyed.5. do you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow?6. - I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is thatyou had a few days off?7. Word cameI was wan ted at th

25、e office.8. Do you knowof them will be our new headmaster?9. The teacher didn t tell mewe were wrong.10. It s gen erally con sidered un wise to give a childhe or she wan ts.B.单项选择It was trueAlice did surprised her mother.A. that B. what C. that, what D. what, that2. Doesmatter muchhe can t come to t

26、he meeting.A. it, if B. that, if C. it, whether D. this, whether3. -What are you an xious about?A. How can we succeed B. Whether we can succeed C. When can we succeed D. That we can succeed4. The reas onthe little actress has bee n such a success isshe is both clever and hard-work ing.A. why, whyB.

27、why, thatC. that, because D. for, because5. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Who B. Whoever C. An yo neD. The person6.I really don t knowI had this photo taken.A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why7. ? Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I

28、 can t remember.A. where B. there C. whichD. that8. -What do you thi nk of China?-differe nt life is today fromit used to be.A. How, what B. What, what C. How, thatD. What, that9. Give this toyou th ink can do the work well.A. who B. whomC. whoever D. whomever10. troubles me isI can t learn all thes

29、e English idioms by heart.A. That, that B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that练习二1. The factshe works hard is well known to us all.A.that B.what C.why D.which2. The facthe was successful proves his abilityA.that B.whatC.which D.why3. The n ewshe was kid napped surprised us greatlyA.whatB.thatC.wh

30、yD.whe n4. His suggesti onthe meet ing be delayed was tur ned dow n.A.which B.that C./ D. it5.I have no ideahe will start.A.whe nB.that C.what D./6.Ive come from the gover nment with a messagethe meet ing wont be held tomorrow.A.if B.that C.whether D.which7. The thoughthe might fail in the exam worr

31、ied him.A.whe nB.which C.what D.that8. The orderthe pris oner be set free arrived too late.A.which B.whether C.that D.what9. The nu rses are trying their best to reduce the patie nts fearhe would die of the disease.A.that B.asC.of whichD.which10. He ofte n asked me the questi onthe work was worth do

32、ing.A.whether B.where C.that D.whe n练习一答案 A. 1. that 2. what 3. what, whether 4. that 5. who 6. why 7. that 8. which 9. where 10. whatever B. 15 CABBB 610 ACACD练习二答案：1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间

33、的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。详细信息一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。1. 名词作同位语Mr Wang, my child s teacher, will be visiting us on Tues王a先生，我孩子的老师，星期二要来看我们。2短语作同位语I, the oldest girl in the family, always had to care for the other children.我，作为家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。3. 直接引语作同位语But

34、now the questi on comes to their min ds,“ Did she die young because she was a cl但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题：多莉早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗？”4. 句子作同位语The girls were surprised at the fact that ocea n ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开至 U五大湖，让表姐妹俩 感到吃惊。同位语从句用法同位语部分是个句子，就是同位语从句，这种用法比较固定”一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，

35、用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had wo n.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二、 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news, idea, fact, promise , question , doubt , thought , hope, message, suggestion, words （消息）， possibility 等。I ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won t be able to see you this afterr我从王先生那里来，他让我告 诉你他今天下午不能

36、来看你了。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有 连词that , whether ,连接副词how,when,where等。（注：if,which不能引 导同位语从句。）He must an swer the questi on whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city .他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。同位语从句-引导词同位语从句的 引导词，引导同位语从句的

37、词语通常有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词等。1. 连词that引导同位语从句（注：引导同位语从句的that不能省略）The idea that you can do this work well without thi nking is quite wron g. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完 全错误的。（作idea的同位语）【注意1】在某些名词（如dema nd, wish, suggestio n, resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped fr

38、om the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。【注意2】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impressi on he was board ing the Tokyo pla ne.他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要 登上飞往东京的飞机了。2. 连词whether引导同位语从句（注：if不能引导同位语从句）The questi on whether we should call in a specialist was an swered by the family doctor. 我们

39、是否请专家由家庭医生来E。【注意】whether可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。其它引导词引导的同位语从句连接代词 what, who, whom, whose, which弓丨导同位语从句1）.1 have no idea what size shoes she wears我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（ what 作定语）2）.1 have no idea which wine is best it s a matter of personal tas我不知道哪种酒最好， 这是个人口味的问题。（which 作定语）3）.The question who will take his pl

40、ace is still not clear. （who 作主语）4.连接副词引导同位语从句连接副词 when, where, how, whyWe haven t yet settled the questi on vhere we are going to spe nd our summer vacatio n.至 U哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还 没有决定。同位语从句-相关语法、同位语从句在句中的位置1. 一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词（如news, idea, fact, promise, hope, message等）的后面，用以说明该名词 所表达的具体内容。I ve come fr

41、om Mr Wang with a message that he won t be able to see yaftethiioon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息， 他说他今天下午不能来看你了。2. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后，而被别的词语隔开，在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door ope n whe n she left home.她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门 关上。二、同位语从句前名词的数同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式，并且往往带有限定词（word除外）加以修饰。

42、Where did you get the idea that I could not come ?你在哪儿听说我不能来？三、 同位语从句的语气在suggestion，advice， request, order等意为建议；命令；要求的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。Our teacher gave us some advice how we（should）use the computer 老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。四、同位语从句的先行词同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词，常见的有：idea, situatio

43、n thought, fact, evide nee, belief, doubt, fear, hope,question, theory, news, order, ability 等等。How did the cheats expla in the fact that the Emperor did nt feel the new clothes in him? 皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣， 对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的？代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些 动词或短语动词后作 宾语，同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。I owe it to you that I am

44、 still alive. 幸亏你，我现在还活着。有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为，这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语，因为它相当于主语+be+表语”结构。You must se to it that the children dont catch cold.（=You must see to it, and It is that the children dont catch cold.） 你要当 心，别让孩子们着凉了。同位语从句-语法区别与定语从句的的语法区别：1 意义的不同同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可

45、以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：We are glad at the news that he will come.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句）We are glad at the news that he told us.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,故that从句为定语从句）2. 引导词的不同what, how, if, whateve

46、r等可引导名词性从句，但不引导定语从句。3. 引导词的功能上的不同that引导同位语从句时，它不充当句子成分，而引导定语从句时，它作为关系代词，要么充当定语从句的主语，要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例 that he told us中的that就充当told的宾语。4. 被修饰词语的区别一同位语从句所修饰的名词比较有限，通常有hope, wish, idea, news, fact, promise, opinion, suggestion, truth等，而定语从句所修饰的名词则非常广泛。另外，when和where引导定语从句时，通常只修饰表示时间和地点的名词，而它们引导同位语从句时却不一定；又如 why引导定语从句，它通常只修饰名词 the reason,而它引导同位语从句时则不一定：I have no idea when they will come .我不知道他们什么时候来。（同位语从句）I ll never forget the days when I lived there.我永远不会忘记我住在那