2021高考英语一轮复习第三编专题一应用文写作学案含解析新人教版

1、 应用文写作新高考的写作题型共有三个，其中应用文写作为必考题型。该题型要求考生根据所给情景，写一篇80词左右的短文。情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的方式有提纲、图画、图表等。从题材上看，主要有以下几个特点：1)与中学生生活密切相关的活动，主要是课外活动、度假等。2)中学生所熟知的一般外事活动，主要涉及外教、外国笔友、外国留学生、外国访客等。3)就中学生所熟知的一般社会现象或社会焦点问题发表看法，如家务事、英语学习、生态文明等，多与讴歌积极向上、弘扬正能量等内容相关。从体裁上看，最多的是以文字提纲、图画提示、图表提示三种形式灵活考查叙事、说明或议论。不单纯考查叙事、说明或议论，

2、多表现在叙事、说明、议论与应用文相结合，以应用文的形式呈现，即融叙事、说明性文字或论证内容于书信邮件、通知、演讲稿或日记等应用文体之中。特别注意事项 注意试题所属的应用文类型及体裁和时态。注意要点的全面性，不可遗漏。且要注意要点之间的衔接，要用适当的关联词语贯通全文。注意进行适度的发挥。要点齐全，表达无误并且能在合理的范围内进行适度发挥，是取得高分的关键。注意检查词数、拼写、标点及规范书写等问题，因为这些都是评分的考虑事项。注重语言基础积累词句段篇，这是任何人学习写作的普遍程序，语言表达起源于语言原始材料的积累。阅读中的原始积累是活资源，是写作拔高的源泉。因此，我们不仅要增大阅读量，而且要在这

3、个过程中提炼重点词汇、地道用语、固定短语、典型句式、精彩段落、情景描述等语言基础素材。加强训练和运用若想将记忆的知识熟练运用，就离不开大量的专题强化训练。练习是连接知识和能力的桥梁，只有在练习中不断总结、弥补短板，写作水平才能稳步提升。应用文写作一般遵循审题、列纲、成文、润色、检查五个解题步骤，具体为：第一步审题审题是写作的第一步也是最重要的环节之一，是得高分的前提。审题要做到“三确定”：1)确定类型与格式：不同类型的应用文有不同的写作要求和方法。因此首先要确定文章是哪种类型的应用文。确定了类型之后便可确定全篇的写作格式与写作风格及其段落结构之间的逻辑关系等。2)确定人称与时态：仔细阅读题干要

4、求，接下来要确定全篇以第几人称、何种时态为主。行文中要做到两条主线贯穿始终：上下文人称统一，时态前后照应。这样才能使全文逻辑关系一致，条理清晰。3)确定写作内容要点：审题时，务必弄清写作内容要点，如背景、人物、人物之间的关系、时间等。图表与图画类写作的有效信息点表现在何处，尤其是漫画寓意何在、中心落在何处、折射出什么生活道理等，这些问题都要在审题环节完成。第二步列纲审完题后，接下来就要根据要点列出写作提纲。其目的在于把握文章发展脉络，明确表达要点，理清各要点之间的顺序和层次，初步形成文章框架。列提纲要注意以下三点：1)选好开头句。开头句可以是主题句，也可以不是主题句。是主题句的，要做到内容完整

5、、概括性强、表达清楚；不是主题句的，也要做到开门见山、就事论事、直奔主题。2)安排好结构。一篇高考英语书面表达基本上由5到8个句子组成，通常需要划分段落，以显得自然、得体。尤其是那些正反对比、现在和过去对照的文章，更要划分段落。对于议论性的文章，其结构也要自然地形成主题、扩展和结尾这样的三段式结构。3)选择好素材。每一个要点用什么样的素材来表达，要做到心中有数。要选择那些自己最有把握、最熟悉的句型来陈述要点，以求语言的规范、地道。有些要点可能没有直接的英语句型对应，这时我们要转换表达方式，不要死抠字眼，只要表达出要点就行，但切忌用中式英语来应付。第三步成文列出写作提纲后，便可依据要点扩写成文。

6、扩写时，可运用想象适度发挥，但不可随意乱写，要紧扣画面或文字提示，进行适当描述。另外，要想使文章丰满、上下文连贯，就要恰当地使用一些关联词。第四步润色初稿完成后，必须对文章进行润色，即对其中的用词和句式进行升级。用词是否出彩在一定程度上决定了文章能否取得高分。用词升级的三大方向：新颖化；短语优先；善用形容词和副词等修饰词。好的句式能增强文章的层次感，提高文章的档次，从而增加得分。我们可通过使用较为复杂或特殊的句式来实现对句子的升级。同时，要注意长短句相间，以使文章富有节奏感。第五步检查经润色修改后的写作还必须要严格检查。检查时要做到“六看”：1)看格式是否正确。2)看要点是否齐全。3)看主谓是

7、否一致。4)看人称、时态是否一致。5)看句子结构是否完整。6)看有无标点、拼写错误及词数是否符合要求。假定你是学生会主席李华。学校将举办一次以“校园生活创意无限”(innovations on campus)为主题的创意作品展评活动。请你根据以下图示，以短文形式用英语写一份书面通知。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当发挥，以使行文连贯；3.开头及结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：校园 campus；创意作品 innovation；颁奖 prizegivingnoticean exciting event “innovations on campus” is around the cor

8、ner. student union解题步骤1.审题通过仔细审题，我们可确定：本文为一篇通知布告，因此要特别注意通知的格式和一些惯用语。时态应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主，人称以第二人称为主。写作要点：(1)介绍本次活动；(2)作品展评说明；(3)展评时间、地点等。2.列纲根据要点，列出提纲，规划写作的基本框架。如，我们可分四段去设计：第一段：因已给出，属于开篇点题，我们可顺应逻辑，介绍本次活动的主题“校园生活创意无限”(innovations on campus)并发出邀请；第二段：介绍创意作品展的要求(与校园生活相关、创意来源及所需材料等)；第三段：说明展评地点：体育馆；时间：6月1618

9、日；颁奖时间：6月18日15：0017：00；联系人：李华(44876655)；第四段：再次发出号召。3.成文接下来要做的就是根据所列提纲，转化成文。此时注意不仅所有的要点要准确表达，而且为使内容丰富，行文连贯，还要添加适当的衔接词并进行适度发挥(如添加一些鼓励参加的语言)。4.润色为了使文章更上一层楼，我们还必须对文章进行润色，使用一些高级词汇和复杂句式。如：(1)along with your wonderful innovation, you need to present a report, explaining how the idea occurred to you and wha

10、t materials you used.(使用了非谓语动词和宾语从句)(2)apart from your wonderful innovation, you need to hand in a report, which explains how the idea occurred to you and what materials you used.(使用了定语从句和宾语从句)5.检查最后还必须要检查要点是否齐全，各要点是否表达准确；检查是否有语法、拼写和标点符号等错误；检查词数是否符合要求。核实无误后，工整地誊写到答题卡上。精彩范文noticean exciting event “in

11、novations on campus” is around the corner. whoever is interested can participate.note that your innovations must be closely related to campus life. besides, you need to hand in a report, explaining how the idea occurs to you and what materials you use.all the collections will be on show from june 16

12、 to 18 in the gym. the prizegiving ceremony will be held from 15：00 to 17：00 on june 18. for any further information, call li hua at 44876655.come on, everybody! looking forward to your participation and contributions.student union应用文写作若想取得高分，要做到“一式、两头、三写、四关”。“一式”指要写对格式，掌握英语书面表达常用文体的基本写作格式和特点；“两头”指要

13、写好文章的开头和结尾，能够灵活运用熟悉的句式结构和表达手法，使文章开头和结尾的表达生动准确，引人入胜，耐人寻味；“三写”指规范书写，要求单词的拼写、字母的大小写、行文的书写要符合英语书写要求，力求卷面整洁美观；“四关”指突破内容要点关、行文逻辑关、语法规则关及习惯表达关。type 1建议信test 1现在青少年健康问题日趋严峻。假设你是班长李华，请根据下列信息，给校长写一封信。1现状：青少年体质明显下降(如肥胖、近视等)；2原因：作业负担过重，睡眠不足，缺乏锻炼；3建议：减轻学生负担。注意：1.文章中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；2开头和结尾已给出，但不计入总词数；3词数80左右。参考词汇：肥胖

14、 obesity; 近视 shortsightednessdear headmaster， yours sincerely，li hua写作指导本文要求以李华的身份给校长写一封建议信。首先，态度要礼貌，用词不能太尖锐。另外文章的要点已给出，但要合理整合，需适当调序，切不可盲目地逐条翻译。最后，还应对“建议”部分进行适度发挥。精彩范文dear headmaster，how are you? nowadays many chinese students commonly have health problems, such as obesity, shortsightedness and so o

15、n.under the current educational system, doing endless homework makes the students more stressed and bored in order to go to college. as a result, they dont sleep or exercise enough, thus affecting their health.to solve these physical problems, we should reform the current educational system. whats m

16、ore, we should reduce homework burden on students so that we can have more time to sleep and take exercise and only in this way can the health of chinese students be greatly improved.thanks for your reading. please help us!yours sincerely，li huatest 2假定你是李华，你的英国朋友lucy将去参加一位中国朋友的爷爷的寿宴，发邮件向你咨询有关习俗。 请你

17、回复邮件给出建议。内容包括：1到达时间；2合适的礼物和着装。注意：1.词数80左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 精彩范文dear lucy，im very glad to hear from you. learning that you will go to the birthday party of a chinese grandpa, im writing to offer you some suggestions.firstly, you should arrive at the party before the due time. besides, it is a tradi

18、tion for us to give “shou li” to “the old god of longevity”. whats more, for the dressing, youd better wear clothes with bright colors, which symbolize joy.i hope that my suggestions will be helpful to you.yours，li huatype 2申请信test 1(2019吉林东北师大附中高三调研)假如你是李华，得知某杂志社打算组建一个免费英文网络翻译团队，现正在招募英语翻译，你对此很感兴趣，所

19、以用英文给杂志社的编辑写一封申请信，主要内容包括：1个人情况(年龄、学历、英语水平等)；2加入团队的目的和决心；3你的联系方式。注意：1.词数80左右；2文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称；3开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；4可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。dear editor，my name is li hua. truly yours，li hua写作指导本篇申请信属半开放性作文。可将其分为三部分来写：(1)写信目的：申请成为翻译团队的一员；(2)介绍个人情况，包括年龄、学历、英语水平等；加入团队的目的：为实现自己的梦想；表达加入团队的决心；呈现联系方式；(3)表达感谢。精彩范文dear e

20、ditor，my name is li hua. im writing to apply for an english translator in your online english translation team.im a girl of 18, presently studying at a high school. through years of efforts, ive got a good command of english, which makes me qualified to be a translator. to further improve my languag

21、e skills and broaden my horizons, i wish to become a member of your team. if given the opportunity, i will show you my great sense of responsibility for work. please reach me at 61188888 at any time.if you could take my application into account, i would be very grateful. truly yours，li huatest 2假定你是

22、李华，你校英语网站正在招募编辑，你对此很感兴趣。 请给网站负责人tod写封邮件申请该职位。内容包括：1自我介绍；2陈述个人优势；3表达期望。注意：1.词数80左右； 2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 精彩范文dear tod，im li hua. learning that you are recruiting an editor for your schools english website, im writing to apply for it.im confident that im qualified. im so keen on the events of our school

23、that i will update the website timely. besides, english is my strong point, and i once won the first place of the english composition competition. furthermore, i do well in it. if i get this position, i will make the website more attractive.i hope you can take me into consideration.yours，li huatype

24、3邀请信test 1假定你是李华。中秋节来临之际，你打算邀请你的澳大利亚朋友mark到你家过节。请你给他写一封邀请信，并告知他中秋节的习俗。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。dear mark， yours，li hua写作指导本文为一封邀请信，应以第一人称和第二人称的口吻叙述，以一般现在时为主，辅以一般将来时。就话题本身而言，是大家所熟悉的，因此可有感而发去写作，应将全部信息有效整合，合理谋篇布局，将文章分成三部分：(1)简要介绍中秋节的意义；(2)介绍习俗；(3)表达“我”的愿望。写作时，要适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，内容充实。

25、精彩范文dear mark，the midautumn festival is coming, and i sincerely invite you to spend this wonderful holiday with my family, which can help you to enjoy and understand the charm of traditional chinese culture.the midautumn festival falls on the 15th day of the 8th month in chinese lunar calendar. on t

26、hat day, the moon is round, which indicates the reunion of the family. generally speaking, family members will come back to reunite. after dinner, the whole family sit around admiring the full moon and eating moon cakes.i hope to receive your reply soon.yours，li huatest 2(2019湖北枣阳第一中学高三模拟)假定你是李华，你班同

27、学决定为小明举办生日聚会。请你写信邀请外教susan参加，内容要点包括：1时间：周五晚8点至9点；2地点：学生俱乐部；3内容：生日歌、蛋糕、游戏等。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3信件的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。dear susan，were throwing a surprise party for xiaomings birthday. yours，li hua精彩范文dear susan，were throwing a surprise party for xiaomings birthday. its our honor to invite you

28、 to this surprise party, which will last about one hour. well gather at the students club at 8：00 pm this friday. upon xiaomings arrival, well light the candles on the cake and sing happy birthday together for him. then the cake will be shared and later some interesting games will be played, which w

29、ill surely bring us joy and delight.im looking forward to seeing you at the party and please let me know your decision soon.yours，li huatype 4道歉信test 1(2019浙江湖州高三联考基础测试)假定你是李明，前几天由于感冒发烧，未能完成英语老师陈老师布置的作业，请你给陈老师写一封道歉信说明情况。内容包括：1表达歉意；2说明原因；3保证补交作业。注意：1.词数80左右；2信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；3可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。dear mr

30、 chen， yours sincerely，li ming写作指导本文要求写一封道歉信，信息点已给明，可分为三个部分来写作：(1)向陈老师表达未完成作业的歉意；(2)说明原因：感冒发烧，身体欠佳；(3)保证自己会补交作业。本文需用一般过去时描述生病的情况。精彩范文dear mr chen，i am writing to apologize that i didnt manage to complete the homework you assigned the other day, due to a sudden cold falling upon me. i was in hospital

31、 with a continuous fever, which prevented me from engaging in any academic activity. id appreciate it if you could grant me another two days for the task. i promise ill finish it in time. once again, i would express my sincere apology for the delay. i hope you can understand my situation and give me

32、 another chance.yours sincerely，li mingtest 2假定你是李华，因故不能参加外教mr thomson明天下午开设的关于“英国文学简史”的讲座，请给他写一封邮件。要点如下：1表达歉意；2解释原因；3询问能否提供相关资料。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 精彩范文dear mr thomson，im writing to apologize to you for not being able to attend your lecture tomorrow afternoon, which is on the brief histor

33、y of english literature.due to a sudden illness falling upon me a few days ago, i have been in hospital with a continuous fever so far, which has prevented me from any activity. to be frank, i am extremely interested in what you will talk about. therefore, i would really appreciate it if you could g

34、ive me some relevant materials of the lecture.i sincerely hope you can understand my situation and wish your lecture a great success.yours，li huatype 5投诉信test 1假如你是李华，是某英语学习网站的注册会员，但最近在使用该学习网站时发现一些不太满意的地方。因此，给该网站英语顾问mike先生写一封投诉信，内容包括：1投诉原因；2提出建议。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3开头和结尾已为你写好，但不计入总词数。dear

35、mr mike，ive recently signed up for your english learning website. yours respectfully，li hua写作指导本文为一封投诉信，可将其分成三部分来写：(1)写信的目的；(2)使用该网站发现的一些问题，即投诉的理由，要结合自身感受，适度发挥；(3)联系自我实际体验并对网站提出可行性建议。写作时，投诉人用第一人称，投诉对象用第二人称，应以一般现在时为主，并结合一般过去时、将来时和完成时等时态。要注意语气的委婉，以利于被投诉人虚心采纳。精彩范文dear mr mike，ive recently signed up for

36、 your english learning website. but when i used your website, i found some problems to be solved. therefore, im writing to you.first of all, some content is relatively old. thats to say, its not updated in time, which will affect our interest in learning. secondly, there are some reading materials t

37、hat are not proper for us middle school students. eventually, as a famous website, your service should satisfy your users.i sincerely hope that you should listen to me carefully and improve your website.yours respectfully，li huatest 2假如你是李华，几天前你从国外某网站购买了一个扩音器。现在请你发一封电子邮件给该网站的管理员反映问题：音质不清；操作不简便；经常出问题

38、。你期待的解决办法：退货退款；修理或调换。注意：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2不得使用真实姓名或学校名称。dear sir/madam，im li hua, a customer who bought a loudspeaker from your website several days ago. looking forward to your early reply.yours，li hua精彩范文dear sir/madam，im li hua, a customer who bought a loudspeaker from your website severa

39、l day ago. there seems to be something wrong with it. so, im writing to you, asking for your help.at first, the voice isnt so clear as you have described. besides, its not easy to operate, causing me much inconvenience. whats worse, it often breaks down for no reason, which shows its poor quality. t

40、herefore, i hope you can solve the problems for me. i wonder if i can get my money back. if not, i wish you could have it repaired or changed.looking forward to your early reply.yours，li huatype 6推荐信test 1(2019浙江舟山中学高考仿真模拟卷)李越和dick是在去年中美中学生交流活动中认识的。昨天，李越收到了dick的来信。dick告诉李越他将在今年暑假来中国旅行，他对中国的饮食文化特别感兴趣

41、，希望李越推荐有关这方面的读物或电视节目。假定你是李越，请你给dick写一封回信。信中内容包括：1表达对dick的思念；2推荐电视纪录片舌尖上的中国，推荐的理由：(1)以美食作为窗口，让观众领略(2)地方特色明显(3)语言：英汉双语3对dick将要来中国旅行表示欢迎。注意：1.文中不能提及你就读的学校；2词数80左右；3信的开头与结尾已写好，不计入总词数。参考词汇：纪录片 documentary；舌尖上的中国 a bite of chinadear dick，im glad to receive your letter. yours sincerely，li yue写作指导本篇书面表达的要求是

42、写一封推荐信。写作的类型为提纲式作文，要求在推荐信中包含以下要点：(1)表达对dick的思念；(2)推荐电视纪录片舌尖上的中国并阐明三点理由；(3)对dick将要来中国旅行表示欢迎。写作时，时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主，以第一人称撰写。抓住中心列出要点，具体的内容可以自由发挥，使文章变得充实。精彩范文dear dick，im glad to receive your letter. its nearly a year since we parted. how i miss the time we happily spent together!since you are interested

43、 in chinese food culture, id like to recommend the documentary a bite of china, which uses food as a window to introduce how chinese people love life. besides, there are varieties of mouthwatering and unique local food. in addition, the program is broadcast both in chinese and in english, so it prov

44、ides you with opportunities to pick up some chinese food.when you come, i will take you to have a real bite of china.looking forward to seeing you soon.yours sincerely，li yuetest 2假定你是李华，你的英国朋友lucy即将回国，希望你能推荐一款具有中国特色的纪念品以馈赠亲友。 请你给她写封邮件。内容包括：1推荐的物品；2推荐原因；3表达期望。注意：1.词数80左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 精彩范文dear l

45、ucy，i am so delighted to know that you want to buy some souvenirs with chinese characteristics. im glad to recommend the chinese brush to you.the chinese brush, a traditional writing tool dating back to 2,000 years ago, is ranked as one of the four treasures of the chinese study. frankly speaking, i

46、n ancient china, calligraphy and paintings were mostly created with it. as far as im concerned, the chinese brush is a perfect gift for your relatives who are fond of chinese items.i sincerely hope my advice can be of help to you.yours，li huatype 7报道test 1你接受了一项写作任务，为校报用英语写一篇科技报道。请根据以下信息，介绍在国外医疗行业出现的一项新技术。内容包括：注意：1.词