2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第三册Unit5Learningfromnature课件外研版

1、unit 5learning from naturestep 1 诵读经典渗透文化意识. 细品味经典文章 sustainable development is defined as balancing the fulfillment of human needs with the protection of the natural environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but in the indefinite future. the linkage between environment and

2、 development was first made in 1980, when the international union for the conservation of nature published the world conservation strategy and usedthe term “sustainable development. ” the concept came into general usage following the publication of the 1987 report of the brundtland commissionformall

3、y, the world commission on environment and development. set up by the united nations general assembly, the brundtland commission coined what was to become the most often-quoted definition of sustainable development as development that “meets the needs of the present generation without compromising t

4、he ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ” the field of sustainable development can be conceptually broken into four constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, social sustainability and political sustainability. . 按要求完成任务1. 写出文章中表示可持续发展的单词和短语。_ 2. how

5、to understand the definition of sustainable development? _balancing,naturalenvironment,futuregenerations,environmental,economic,social,political,sustainabilityitmeansthatweshouldnotonlydevelopforourgeneration,butalsoleaveroomforthedevelopmentoffuturegenerations.step 2 固本强基锻造语言能力. 重点词汇1. employ v. 使用

6、, 运用【典型例句】the police had to employ force to break up the crowd. 警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。【词块必记】employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事employ sb. for sth. 因为某事雇用某人employ/hire sb. as. . . (=take on sb. as. . . )聘某人做fire/dismiss sb. 解雇某人employ oneself in doing sth. (= be employed in doing sth. = be busy in doing sth. =be e

7、ngaged in doing sth. )忙于做某事【语境速测】 单句语法填空we employ her _an adviser. the children were employed _weeding the garden. many of its _(employ) are women. asinemployees完成句子you could _better. 你可以把你的业余时间利用得更好些。_deserves the collective attention of society as a whole. 失业现象值得全社会共同关注。different artists _. 不同的画家会

8、使用不同的绘画技巧。employyoursparetimethephenomenonofunemploymentemploydifferentpaintingtechniques【构词法】employee n. 雇工, 雇员; employer n. 雇主, 雇用者; employment n. 雇用; unemployment n. 失业, 失业人数【写作金句】the boss has employedasteamenginetocrackanut: four men now are doing the same thing, although one person can finish i

9、t from start to finish. 这个老板是在大材小用。现在是四个人在做同一件事情, 尽管一个人就能从头到尾地做完它。2. attain v. 得到; 获得; 实现; 达到【典型例句】im determined to attain my purpose at any cost. 我决心不惜任何代价达到目的。【词块必记】attain to达到; 获得attain to power得到权力attain long-term prosperity实现长期的繁荣attain ones aim达到某人的目的attain the opposite shore到达对岸【误区释疑】attain侧重

10、指在抱负或雄心的激励下。achieve侧重为达到目的所需要的技巧、忍耐和努力。【语境速测】 单句语法填空the country _(attain) its independence in 1972. he tried in vain to attain _fame. 完成句子we can _we set in our mind. 我们设定了什么目标, 就能实现什么目标。she _of becoming a pilot. 她实现了成为一个飞行员的志向。most of our students _in their exams. 我们中的大多数学生考试成绩都是五个“a”。attainedtoatta

11、inwhatevergoalattainedherambitionattainedfive“a”grades3. withdraw v. 退出; 撤回; 撤退; 提款【典型例句】in view of members reservation and request for further information, the administration agreed to withdraw the item. 鉴于委员有所保留, 并要求提供进一步资料, 政府当局同意撤回该项目。【词块必记】withdraw from离开/退出withdraw sb. /sth. from sth. (使)撤回, 撤

12、离; 退出withdraw sth. (from sth. )停止提供; 不再给予【名师点津】withdraw用作及物动词时, 接名词或代词作宾语; 用作不及物动词时, 常与介词from, to连用。withdraw的过去式是withdrew, 过去分词是withdrawn。【语境速测】 完成句子he wanted to _. 他想从客人名单中撤回自己的名字。id like to _. 我想从我账户中取出一些钱。bills parents _. 比尔的父母亲让比尔退了学。he _the race. 他让他的马退出了比赛。withdrawhisnamefromtheguestlistwithdr

13、awsomemoneyfrommyaccountwithdrewhimfromschoolwithdrewhishorsefromid like to _from my savings account and put it in my cheque account. 我想从我的储蓄账户上提取1000美元转到支票账户上。withdraw1,000dollars4. resign v. 使自己顺从于(做)某事; 安于【典型例句】he has resigned himself to the fact that he will lose the job. 他已经接受他将要失去这份工作的现实。【词块必记

14、】resign oneself to使听从于resign ones office/position/post辞职resign as sth. 辞去某职务resign from the job辞职resign oneself to ones fate听天由命【语境速测】 单句语法填空the team refused to resign themselves _being defeated. have you heard of her intention _(resign)? he was forced to resign his position_headmaster of the school

15、 because of ill health. she decided to resign _(she) to the failure. 【写作金句】i finally resignedmyselfto going to mexico even though i didnt want to. 我最终还是接受现实去了墨西哥, 尽管我本来不想去。totoresignasherself. 核心短语5. take. . . for granted 认为理所当然【典型例句】sorry! i justtookitforgrantedthatyoud want to come. 抱歉, 我以为你会想来。【词

16、块必记】take sth. for granted“认为理所当然/是必然的”或“(因为视作当然而)对不予重视”。此结构, 常用it作形式宾语, 而真正的宾语由that引导放在句尾。【熟词生义】granted与granting意思相同, 作连接词引导从句, 都表示“假定”。【语境速测】 完成句子im tired of my husband _. 我已经厌倦了丈夫对我的轻视。i _you have read this book. 我认为你一定读过这本书。_, he may not keep his promise. 假定他这么说了, 他也未必会守承诺。takingmeforgrantedtakei

17、tforgrantedthatgranted/granting/supposing/giventhathesaidso6. in return for作为的报酬; 替换【典型例句】i gave him some books inreturnfor his assistance. 我给了他一些书, 作为对他所提供帮助的回报。【词块必记】return to. . . from. . . 从返回到return sb. sth. (return sth. to sb. )归还某人东西a return ticket一张往返车票【语境速测】 单句语法填空she sent him a birthday ca

18、rd and _return for this he gave her some roses. when did she return home _the trip? he went out to buy one return ticket _london. if the company is dissatisfied with my performance in return _money paid, it has power to remove me. infromtofor. 经典句式7. creating buildings such as these enables us to li

19、ve in closer harmony with our environment. 创造这样的建筑能够使我们与环境更进一步和谐相处。【句型公式】 非谓语动词作主语: 动名词和动词不定式均可用作主语。(1)动名词作主语表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念。不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作。(2)动名词和不定式短语作主语时, 为了保持句子的平衡, 避免头重脚轻, 经常用it来作形式主语, 把真正的主语后置。(3)在“there/it +be+ no use(good/help/need)”之后常用动名词作主语, 但是如果该句型中用了for/of引出不定式的逻辑主语, 就只能用不定式。【语境速测】 单句语法

20、填空_(walk)is a good form of exercise for both young and old. it is not easy _(learn)english well. it is no use _(ask)him for help. _is no use crying over the spilt milk. there is no good _us to do that exercise. 完成句子is _good for your health? 做早操对你的健康有好处吗? walkingtolearnaskingit/therefordoingmorningex

21、ercises【备选要点】1. reject v. 冷落; 嫌弃; 厌弃; 拒绝; 丢弃; 排斥【典型例句】he was afraid she would reject him because he was a foreigner. 他担心她会因为他是外国人而拒绝他。【词块必记】reject an appeal驳回上诉reject for poor health因体质太差而遭拒绝reject sb. s help拒绝某人的帮助【误区释疑】reject多指由于某物、某事或某行为不能让人满意而被当面直截了当地拒绝。refuse语气较重, 指态度坚决, 肯定无疑的拒绝。deny指坚决地拒绝接受、给予

22、或承认。【语境速测】 完成句子he _. 他拒绝了他们给他提供的工作。after the transplant his body _. 他的身体对新移植的心脏产生了排斥作用。he _of settling in england. 他抛弃了在英国定居的想法。the supermarket _. 超市丢弃了所有的烂苹果。rejectedtheirofferofajobrejectedthenewheartrejectedtheidearejectedallspottedapples【写作金句】if someone rejectsyououtofhand as their friend just b

23、ecause of what you believe in, then that person wasnt a real friend to begin with. 如果某人仅仅是因为你的信仰而拒绝和你交朋友, 那这个人就不必交。2. reaction to对的反应【典型例句】their reactionto the joke is to laugh. 他们对这个笑话的反应是笑。【词块必记】cause reaction引起反应reaction from来自的反应reaction of的反应【语境速测】 单句语法填空her arrest produced an immediate reactio

24、n _the press. the popularity of these old-fashioned views reflects a reaction _the permissiveness (放任) of the 1960s. his reaction _swiftness surprised us. fromagainstof3. convert. . . into 把转化/兑换为【典型例句】the old barn we bought to convert into flats was practically tumbling down. 那个我们买下想改建成公寓的旧谷仓, 实际上已

25、经快塌了。【词块必记】convert from(使)转变, 转化, 转换convert into/to把转换成, 可转变为; 可变换成convert back to还原到【语境速测】 单句语法填空all the bank money _(convert) into cash. a poet is one who can convert ordinary words _a meaningful and effective piece of writing. 完成句子the solar cell can _. 太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转换成电能。wasconvertedintoconvertthe

26、energyofsunlightintoelectricenergy4. seek solutions to寻求解决办法【典型例句】the government had received many requests from the road users to seeksolutionsto the serious traffic jam. 政府收到许多道路使用者关于解决严重交通堵塞问题的要求。【词块必记】seek after寻求, 追求seek for sth. 寻求, 探求seek sth. from sth. 从中寻找/找到 seek into sth. 仔细检查seek sb. /st

27、h. out挑选出; 物色【语境速测】 单句语法填空we determine to seek solutions _the problems. he is seeking _wealth and power. for over 100 years, men have sought _gold in the hills. the police have no right to seek _the lives of ordinary citizens without just cause. the tourists sought _a shady spot where they sat down

28、and rested. toafterforintoout【写作金句】i felt trapped in such a small town, where opportunities were very scarce for young people, so as soon as i turned 18, i packed up my belongings and moved to new york city to seekmyfortune. 我感觉我被困在这个小城镇里, 在这里对于年轻人来说机会很少, 所以我一到18岁就收拾我的行装搬去了纽约市, 去寻找我的出路。5. respond to

29、响应; 对起反应【典型例句】he respondedto my suggestion with a laugh. 他对我的提议报之一笑。【词块必记】respond to a question回答问题respond to the call响应号召respond to a letter回复一封信respond to drugs对药物的反应in response to回答; 回应make/give no response to没作答复【语境速测】 完成句子for what it is worth, i think china is actually quite well placed to _(响应

30、挑战)of an aging population. he made/gave _my question. 他对我的问题没作答复。he opened the door _. 他一听到敲门声就把门打开了。respondtothechallengesnoresponsetoinresponsetoaknock6. in fact, we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us. 实际上, 我们对它们太习惯了

31、, 以至于我们会把它们当成理所当然, 没有意识到它们给我们带来了多少灵感。 【句型公式】 非谓语动词作宾语: 不定式和动名词都可以作宾语(动词(短语)或介词的宾语)。我们不妨利用下面的口诀记住哪些动词(短语)后只能接动名词或动词不定式作宾语: (1)只能接动名词作宾语的动词(短语)口诀: 建议抵抗享受(suggest, advise, resist, enjoy), 考虑承认冒险(consider, admit, risk), 避免推迟实践(avoid, delay, practise), 期待成功完成(look forward to, succeed in, finish); (2)只能接不

32、定式作宾语的动词口诀: 同意提出做计划(agree, offer, plan), 要求答应来帮忙(demand, ask, promise, help), 准备决定遭拒绝(prepare, decide, refuse), 敢于选择有希望(dare, choose, wish, hope, want, expect), 不能做到莫假装(fail, pretend), 设法做成决心强(manage, determine)。【语境速测】 单句语法填空i had great difficulty _(find)the suitable food on the menu in that restaur

33、ant. i like _(listen)to music, but today i dont like to. david refused _(accept)my invitation. the patient required _(examine). i dont know how _(deal)with this kind of matter. findinglisteningtoaccepttobeexamined/examiningtodeal句式升级(把作宾语的不定式变为从句)she pretends to pay the bill. she pretends _. the old

34、 man pretends to be sleeping in the room. the old man pretends _.thatshewillpaythebillthatheissleepingintheroom7. my idea is to rent a bicycle. 我的想法是租一辆自行车。 【句型公式】(1)非谓语动词作表语: 不定式, 动词的过去分词和动词-ing形式都可以作表语; (2)不定式有一般式( to do/ to be done)、进行式( to be doing)、完成式 (to have done/ to have been done)和完成进行式 (t

35、o have been doing); (3)动词-ing形式有一般式 (doing /being done)和完成式( having done/ having been done); (4)过去分词只有一种形式(done)。过去分词作表语主语通常是人, 表示人的情感变化(如excited兴奋的); 现在分词作表语主语往往是事物, 表示该事物“令人怎么样”(如exciting令人兴奋的)。【语境速测】 单句语法填空johnsons desire is _(be)an astronaut. the music they are playing sounds _(excite). 完成句子our

36、plan is _. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。tobeexcitingtokeeptheaffairsecret句式升级harrison happened to be sleeping in the room. 碰巧当时哈里森正在屋里睡觉。(变为复合句)_.ithappenedthatharrisonwassleepingintheroomstep 3 强化检测提升学习能力. 单句语法填空1. (2020全国卷)in another, _(employ)were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were deco

37、rated with houseplants. 2. (2020全国卷)discover william wordsworths _(inspiration) home. 3. (2019江苏高考)chris and tim offered us the answer: human beings took it _ granted that their brains held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better guide. 4. (2019北京高考)by the time these _(solution) be

38、come widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. employeesinspirationalforsolutions5. (2018北京高考) understanding these reasons will control our own anger if we are willing _(evaluate)ourselves with a critical eye. toevaluate. 完成句子1. he _his mother will help him every time he is in

39、trouble. 他认为在他每次陷入麻烦的时候, 他的妈妈会理所当然地帮助他。2. it will rally the heads of states from around the continent to _(寻求解决办法)challenges in the plans drawn by the african union(au), which many people do not see as inclusive enough. 3. his manner was so bright and pleasant that arthur _. 他的态度这样爽朗愉快, 亚瑟立刻觉得和他在一起没

40、有什么拘束。takesitforgrantedthatseeksolutionstofeltateasewithhimatonce4. _, he gave me the only fee i ever received for legal advice in the elm street diner, a raffle ticket. 为了回报我精明的建议, 他给了我一张兑奖券, 这是我在elm街餐馆里得到过的唯一一笔律师咨询费。5. could i ask for _which is related to us all? 我能问一下您对这个关系到我们每个人的政策有什么反应吗? inretu

41、rnformywisesuggestionyourreactiontothispolicy. 语法填空(黑体词为本单元重点词汇)as a city and regional planner by training, to compare with the rural area, i have been alarmed at the tendency to blame urban density(密度) as a primary wrongdoer for new york citys 1. _(relative)severe initial covid-19 outbreak. an epid

42、emiologist 2. _stanford, a professor of infectious diseases at the university of california identified density as the enemy in a pandemic in the us by making disputable comparisons between covid-19 statistics in new york andrelativelyfromlos angeles. however, statistical analysis does not show a con

43、sistent 3. _ (connect)between big-city density and covid-19 impacts. one only needs to look at cities like hong kong, seoul, and singapore to see that new yorks predicament is the result of many 4. _(much)significant factors than urban density. those other factors, such as inequality and lack of pub

44、lic health infrastructure, have been well documented elsewhere. connectionmore density is not the problem, 5. _l. v. anderson points out when 6. _ (discuss)the resilience(适应力) of cities in a post-covid-19 world. crowding is the problem, and“reallocating outdoor space is the city planners secret weap

45、on” bruce schaller, a new york city transportation consultant, distills this same superb argument very well in his essay 7. _(entitle)density isnt easy. but its a necessity: “the question is not whether we need cities and density. the question is whether we have the vision, commitment, and courage t

46、o make our cities just, 8. _(afford), and sustainable as well as dense, creative, and diverse. ”itakeitforgrantedthatwhat he said is right. asdiscussingentitledaffordable urban density, of course, has advantages. its the key to being able to offer access to shared comforts, including parks, trails,

47、and other recreational open spaces. in facing a pandemic like covid-19, the lesson here should not be becoming anti-density. the parks of this era were specifically designed to avoid crowding and were intended to foster “a temperate, good-natured, and healthy state of mind. ” parks are a fundamental

48、 part of the citys social infrastructure, 9. _also includes community centers, libraries, and hospitals. we canseeksolutionsto whichmaking cities better in a post-covid-19 world, here are four salient action items we can take 10. _(promote)nature in cities, reduce crowding, and improve urban density

49、s natural advantages to foster economic resilience and efficiency.topromote【易错误区】第5题考生容易误填。(1)误导原因: 没有明确这里的句子结构和语境意义。(2)去伪存真: 此处是由as引导的非限制性定语从句, as在定语从句中作宾语, 句子意思是“正如l. v. anderson所指出的”。直击高考培养思维品质. 话题与阅读理解(2020全国卷阅读理解d)the connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific

50、research. recent studies have found positive effects. a study conducted in youngstown, ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. in another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. the engineers

51、at the massachusetts institute of technology(mit)have taken it a step furtherchanging the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. these include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that

52、 can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day, ”explained michael strano, a professor of chemical engineering at mit. one of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments usi

53、ng some common vegetables. stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. the light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. the technology, strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-power

54、ed street lamps. in the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. the engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch”where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. l

55、ighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the us. since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输). glowing plants could reduce this distan

56、ce and therefore help save energy. 【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了科学家运用高科技改造绿色植物从而达到节能减排的科学探索。1. what is the first paragraph mainly about? a. a new study of different plants. b. a big fall in crime rates. c. employees from various workplaces. d. benefits from green plants. 【解析】选d。段落大意题。根据第一段最后两句“例如, 在俄亥俄州扬斯敦进

57、行的一项研究发现, 城市绿化较好的地区犯罪率较低。在另一项研究中发现, 员工的工作场所被室内植物装饰后, 他们的工作效率会提高15%。”可知, 本段主要介绍绿色植物的益处。故选d。2. what is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by mit engineers? a. to detect plants lack of water. b. to change compositions of plants. c. to make the life of plants longer. d. to test chemical

58、s in plants. 【解析】选a。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“其中包括在叶子上印上传感器以显示植物的缺水情况, 还可以检测地下水中的有害化学物质。”可知选a。3. what can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? a. they will speed up energy production. b. they may transmit electricity to the home. c. they might help reduce energy consumption. d. they could take the pl

59、ace of power plants. 【解析】选c。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“发光的植物可以缩短这个距离, 从而帮助节约能源。”可知这种发光的植物在将来可能会有助于节约能源。4. which of the following can be the best title for the text? a. can we grow more glowing plants? b. how do we live with glowing plants? c. could glowing plants replace lamps? d. how are glowing plants made

60、pollution-free? 【解析】选c。标题归纳题。文章主要介绍了麻省理工学院的科研团队的一项研究: 利用特殊的装置让植物发光来照亮房间或把树变成会发光的路灯, 以此来节约和利用能源。故“发光的植物能代替灯吗? ”为最佳标题。【难句剖析】in the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. 分析: 本句主干为th