2022届新教材高考英语一轮复习选择性必修第二册Unit5Adelicateworld课件外研版

1、unit 5a delicate world step 1 诵读经典渗透文化意识. 细品味经典文章 (2019天津高考)how does an ecosystem(生态系统)work? what makes the populations of different species the way they are? why are there so many flies and so few wolves? to find an answer, scientists have built mathematical models of food webs, noting who eats who

2、m and how much each one eats. with such models, scientists have found out some key principles operating in food webs. most food webs, for instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones. when a predator(掠食动物)always eats huge numbers of a single prey(猎物), the two species are strong

3、ly linked; when a predator lives on various species, they are weakly linked. food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term. if a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction(灭绝)of one of them. and if a predator can move on

4、 to another species that is easier to find when a prey species becomes rare, the switch allows the original prey to recover. the weak links may thus keep species from driving one another to extinction. mathematical models have also revealed that food webs may be unstable, where small changes of top

5、predators can lead to big effects throughout entire ecosystems. in the 1960s, scientists proposed that predators at the top of a food web had a surprising amount of control over the size of populations of other speciesincluding species they did not directly attack. and unplanned human activities hav

6、e proved the idea of top-down control by top predators to be true. in the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an industrial scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves. these actions have greatly affected the ecological balance. scientists have built an early war

7、ning system based on mathematical models. ideally, the system would tell us when to adapt human activities that are pushing an ecosystem toward a breakdown or would even allow us to pull an ecosystem back from the borderline. prevention is key, scientists say, because once ecosystems pass their tipp

8、ing point(临界点), it is remarkably difficult for them to return. . 按要求完成任务1. 写出文章中关于生态系统的单词和短语。_ _ ecosystem, species, food webs, predator, prey, live on, extinction, rare,original, attack, human activities, affect the ecological balance, an earlywarning system, adapt, breakdown, borderline, preventio

9、n, tipping point2. 人类的什么行动会在很大程度上影响生态系统的平衡? _ uncontrolled human activities greatly upset ecosystems.step 2 固本强基锻造语言能力. 重点词汇1. owe v. 应该做; 对负有的义务; 欠(债; 钱; 人情等); 应当给予; 把归功于【教材原句】this intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy endi

10、ng. (p51)这次干预是个悲伤的故事, 有个迁延了很久的结局, 但我们人类应该给这个岛一个幸福的结局。【词块必记】【熟词生义】he owes his success to good luck more than ability. ( )他的成功多半靠幸运, 少半靠能力。v. 把把归功于归功于【语境速测】 单句语法填空do i still owe _the concert tickets? dont let me forget that i owe you _the concert tickets. i owe a lot _my wife and children. he owes his

11、 good health _plenty of exercise and a regular life. _(owe) to his hard study, he passed the exam. forfortotoowing完成句子he _mr smith. 他欠史密斯先生许多钱。_, the match was cancelled. 由于下雨, 取消了比赛。owes a lot of money toowing to the rain【写作金句】he owes his success to hard work and patience. 他的成功全靠努力和耐心。2. comparison

12、 n. 比较【教材原句】data, examples and comparisons are then used to support the main ideas. (p56)数据, 例子和比较, 用来支持主要的想法。【词块必记】【知识拓展】comparev. 比较; 对比(1)compare. . . with. . . 把和相比(2)compare. . . to. . . 把比作(3)compared with/ to. . . 与相比【语境速测】 单句语法填空we can only tell good from bad by _(compare). the drivers injur

13、ies were sightly _comparison with those suffered by his passenger. in helen maternal love was stronger _comparison than any other. comparisoninbeyond/ withouti compared the copy _the original, but there was not much difference. we may well compare the little girl _a kitten. _(compare) with french, e

14、nglish is easy. withtocompared完成句子the teacher _another students one. 老师把我的作文与另一个同学的作文做了比较。compared my composition with3. endangered adj. 濒危的; 濒临灭绝的【教材原句】although endangered elsewhere in china due to the invasion of foreign species, the bees of shennongjia have coexisted with the local people for cen

15、turies. (p57)尽管由于外来物种的入侵, 神农架的蜜蜂在中国其他地方濒临灭绝, 但它们与当地人已经共存了几个世纪。【词块必记】搭配: endangered species 濒危物种同义词: threatened adj. 受到威胁的【知识拓展】(1)endangerv. 危及; 危害(2)dangern. 危险in danger处于危险中out of danger脱离危险(3)dangerousadj. 危险的【语境速测】 单句语法填空this rare bird has become an _(endanger) species. development of the area w

16、ould _(danger) wildlife. we arent the living things _danger from covid-19. those are _(danger) phrases to include in your self-take in regards to your mental health. endangeredendangerindangerous完成句子the operation is a success and now the patient is _. 手术成功了, 病人现在已脱离危险。out of danger【写作金句】we should do

17、 our best to save endangered species. 我们应该竭尽全力挽救濒于灭绝的物种。. 核心短语4. come up with 想出, 提出【教材原句】experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island. (p51)专家们认为有必要想出一个计划, 把所有的兔子从岛上赶走。【词块必记】come短语(1)come about发生(2)come across(偶然)遇见(3)come on加油; 算了吧(4)come out出版; 出来; (花

18、)开出(5)come to 合计; 共计(6)come up提出; 发生; 走过来; 被提出来【语境速测】 单句语法填空he came up _good ideas for the product promotion. come _, its getting dark! the housing problems came _at the meeting once again. the flowers have come _early this year because of the mild winter. withonupout完成句子while we were talking, a man

19、 _. 我们正在谈话, 一个人走了过来。when this masterpiece _, nobody cared for it. 这部杰作在它问世时没人注意它。came upcame out5. on behalf of 代表; 为了的利益【教材原句】it is my great pleasure to give a lecture here on behalf of the be at one with nature association. (p56)我很荣幸能代表“与自然合一”协会在这里发表演讲。【词块必记】on behalf of = on sbs behalf为了某人的利益; 代表

20、某人【知识拓展】behavev. 表现; 行为; 举止(1)behave oneself 规矩一点(2)behave well 行为规矩, 行为检点, 表现好(3)behave badly行为不检点, 表现不好【语境速测】 单句语法填空i am doing a project _behalf of my school about global warming. your agent will need to sign the form _your behalf. onon完成句子its hard to train children _at the table. 培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的

21、。i wish they would _. 我希望他们能守规矩。to behave wellbehave themselves【写作金句】on behalf of my colleagues and myself i thank you. 我代表我的同事和我本人向你表示感谢。. 经典句式6. no visitor would think it surprising that the island is a unesco world heritage site. 没有游客会对这个岛是联合国教科文组织的世界遗产感到惊讶。【典型例句】they found it pleasant that they

22、worked with us chinese. 他们发现与我们中国人一起工作很愉快。【句型公式】it作形式宾语当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在某个句子中作宾语时, 为保持句子结构平衡, 避免句式结构的混乱, 常用it作形式宾语, 而将真正的宾语放在句尾。此时it仍只起先行引导作用, 本身无词义。下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语: (1)当不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时(如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等)。(2)某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词, 如appreciate, enjoy, lik

23、e, dislike, love, hate, prefer等, 往往不能直接接宾语从句。(3)that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语。(4)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中, 宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时, 须借用it。【语境速测】 单句语法填空i think _necessary that we learn english well. he makes it a rule never _(borrow) money. i think _no use talking about it with them. itto borrowit完成句子you may _that we shall al

24、ways help you. 尽管放心, 我们会随时帮你的。we _that there wasnt a serious accident. 多亏了你才没有发生严重事故。i _that hes so lazy. 我不喜欢他这么懒。i _to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。depend on itowe it to youdont like itfind it difficult【写作金句】i dont think it difficult to understand the special english. 我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。【备选要点】1. decre

25、ase v. (使)减少; (使)变小 n. 减少; 降低【教材原句】but although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130, 000 to around 10, 000, it also meant less food for the cats. (p51)虽然病毒导致兔子数量从13万减少到1万左右, 但这也意味着猫的食物减少了。【词块必记】【语境速测】 单句语法填空the operation must be carefully planned so that the loss of blood wou

26、ld be decrease _ a minimum. their salaries decrease annually _one hundred dollars. crime is _the decrease. tobyon完成句子your speed must be _the city speed as soon as you cross the border. 你一进市区车速就得减到市区的规定速度。 his income has been _half its amount. 他的收入减少了一半。the population of this town _zero point three p

27、ercent in the last three years. 这个城镇的人口近三年以来增长了0. 3%。decreased/ reduced todecreased/ reduced byhas increased by2. greeting n. 问候, 招呼【典型例句】“good morning” and “good evening” are conventional greetings. “早安”及“晚安”是日常惯用的问候语。【词块必记】(1)exchange greetings互致问候offer/ give/ send greetings to sb. 向某人致意(2)同义词: re

28、gards n. 问候, 致意give/ offer/ send regards to sb. 问候某人/向某人致意【知识拓展】greetv. 问候; 致敬greet. . . with. . . 以给打招呼【语境速测】 单句语法填空“how are you? ” is a conventional _(greet). they greet each other _a hug and say merry christmas! 完成句子they _and sat down to lunch. 他们互相问候, 然后坐下来共进午餐。please _miss macleod. 请代我向麦克劳德小姐问候

29、。greetingwithexchanged greetingsgive my greeting to【写作金句】the new year greetings everywhere express the hope for new life and happiness. 各地的新年祝福都表达了对新生活与幸福的希望。3. variation n. 差异; 变化【教材原句】the vast range in altitude results in a great variation in climatic conditions. (p57)海拔高度的变化导致气候条件的巨大变化。【词块必记】【构词法

30、】“v. + -ation”变成原词的名词形式, 意义不变, 如: vary (变化) + -ation variation (变化)。【知识拓展】(1)varyv. 变化; 使多样化vary from. . . to. . . 从到之间变化vary with. . . 随变化(2)variousadj. 多种多样的(3)varietyn. 种类; 多样化a variety of = varieties of 各种各样的【语境速测】 单句语法填空the dial records showed a very slight _(vary) in pressure. the colours vary

31、 from yellow _red. the prices of some goods vary _the season. there are _(vary) ways of solving the problem. the hotel offers its guests a wide _(vary) of amusements. all _(vary) of goods for daily use are available. 日用百货一应俱全。variationtowithvariousvarietyvarieties完成句子it _person to person. 这种情况因人而异。t

32、he test is used to diagnose _diseases. 此项化验可用于诊断多种疾病。varies froma variety of【写作金句】there is a temperature variation of 10 between last week and this week. 上周和本周的气温差十摄氏度。4. nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed i

33、n perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years. 他们也不会不去想象它的原住民, 包括皇家企鹅, 王企鹅和象海豹, 是如何与它们的自然栖息地和谐共存了几千年。【典型例句】nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about. 疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活。【句型公式】 部分倒装句型部分倒装是指将该句中谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。如果句中没有be动词, 就用助

34、动词或情态动词。下列情况需使用部分倒装: (1)否定意义的词放句首用部分倒装, 如no, not, never, neither, nor, rarely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely等。(2)一些“介词 + no + 名词”的结构中需要用部分倒装, 这些结构包括at no time; by no means; in no case; in/ under no circumstances; in no sense等。(3)用于so开头的句子, 意义是“也, 也是”时。(4)so/ such. . . that. . . 句型中, 当so /such和tha

35、t之间的部分位于句首时, 需用部分倒装。(5)“only+状语”位于句首时要部分倒装。【知识拓展】(1)当 as引导让步状语时, 要用于部分倒装句; though引导让步状语时, 可以用于部分倒装句也可以不倒装。(2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中要求倒装。【语境速测】 用部分倒装改写句子she never laughed. she never lost her temper, either. she never laughed, _her temper. little john changed his mind not until yesterday. not until yesterday _(d

36、o) little john change his mind. she worked hard. her husband worked hard, too. she worked hard, so _(do) her husband. nor did she ever losediddid完成句子only in the country _the “true english”. 只有在这个国家你才能学会“真正的英语”。under no circumstances _paul any money. 你怎样都不该借钱给保罗。can you learnshould you lendhard _, he

37、 did not pass the exam. 虽然他很用功, 但他还是没及格。so selfish _that everyone avoided talking with her. 她太自私了, 大家都不愿意和她说话。you dont know what to do now, _. 你不知道现在该做什么, 我也不知道。as/ though he workedwas sheneither/ nor do i【写作金句】in no case should you give up your dreams. 你决不能放弃你的梦想。5. what is special about the honey

38、is that it is produced by the earliest species of chinese bee. 蜂蜜的特别之处在于, 它是由最早的中国蜜蜂生产的。【典型例句】what caused the accident remains unknown. 事故的原因还不清楚。【句型公式】 主语从句主语从句, 即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。引导主语从句的连词主要有: (1)从属连词: that, whether(2)连接代词: who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever(3)连接副词: when, wh

39、ere, how, why, whenever, wherever, however为了防止句子头重脚轻, 有时把形式主语it放在句首位置, 真正主语搁置于句末。【指点迷津】that和what引导主语从句的区别(1)that引导主语从句时, 在从句中不作成分, 但一般不能省略。(2)what引导主语从句时, 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等成分。【语境速测】 单句语法填空_surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. _he finished writing the composition in

40、such a short time surprised us all. _is clear enough what he meant. _will be our monitor hasnt been decided yet. whatthatitwho完成句子_is right. 你做的任何事都是正确的。_that he will win the match. 他一定会赢得这场比赛的。_was a pity. 很遗憾你没去听报告。whatever you didit is certainthat you didnt go to the talk【写作金句】what you need is mo

41、re practice. 你所需要的是更多的训练。step 3 强化检测提升学习能力. 单句语法填空1. (2018全国卷) this switch has _(decrease) pollution in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 2. (2019江苏高考)by _(compare), the brains of apes require only 8% of rest-time energy. 3. (2019全国卷) researchers from

42、georgia tech say that they have come up _a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. decreasedcomparisonwith4. (2020全国卷)other _(variety) of multigenerational family are more common. 5. (2019江苏高考)chris and tim work at a zoo, helping _(endanger) cranes with their reproductio

43、n. varietiesendangered. 完成句子1. the first unique human characteristic is that humans have extraordinarily large brains _. 与其他动物相比, 人类的第一个独特特征是人类的大脑非常巨大。2. the prey species they directly attack will _. 它们直接攻击的猎物种类将会灭绝。compared with other animalsdie out3. the headmaster has _that the school meeting wil

44、l not be put off. 校长说得很清楚校会不会被推迟。4. she hasnt read it and _. 她没有读它, 我也没有读。5. _are good doctors. 我们需要的是好的医生。made it clearneither/ nor have iwhat we need. 语法填空 (2021潍坊模拟) the researchers published their study in the journal nature. they looked at data from recent bleaching (变白) events in the great bar

45、rier reef, off the coast of australia. bleaching causes corals to lose their colour and, often, to die. several causes contribute 1. _ bleaching: warm water temperatures, 2. _(pollute), and overfishing. the bleaching events in the study were caused 3. _(main) by rising water temperature. the researc

46、hers found that local efforts 4. _(improve) water quality and stop overfishing did not increase the reefs chances of survival. researchers say the results of the study highlight the importance of 5. _(fight) global climate change. reefs could become extinct if temperatures continue to rise at the cu

47、rrent rate. corals look like rocks, but they are tiny animals. the creatures can exist alone or in large colonies. they form a hard outer shell. when they die, their skeleton (骨架) 6._ (leave) behind and more coral builds on it. colonies form reefs. they are home to one in four species in the sea. re

48、efs also serve as barriers 7. _ protect the coastlines from 8. _ (power) storms. fortunately, a group of scientists unconnected to the study 9. _(take) action at the moment. their project focuses on protecting 10. _ great many reefs that have not been harmed by climate change. 【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。研究人员在自然杂

49、志中发表了他们的研究, 揭示了近些年大堡礁的珊瑚日益严峻的白化现象, 并说明了其白化的三大主要原因: 水温的升高, 污染和过度的鱼类捕捞, 提醒人们气候变化的重要性。呼吁人们保护环境, 善待大自然。1. 【解析】to。考查介词。句意: 造成白化的原因有以下几个: 温暖的海水温度、污染和过度捕捞。结合句意表示“促成, 导致”短语为contribute to。故填to。2. 【解析】pollution。考查名词。句意同上。此处列举了三个造成珊瑚白化的原因, 第二个根据括号内单词的提示应该填“污染”, 但应改成名词形式, 此处污染作不可数名词使用应用单数。故填pollution。3. 【解析】mai

50、nly。考查副词。句意: 在研究中, 白化事件主要是由水温升高引起的。根据句意可知此处表示白化现象主要是由水温的上升导致的。此处是对状语部分修饰, 应用副词mainly, 表示“主要”。故填mainly。4. 【解析】to improve。考查非谓语动词。句意: 研究人员发现, 当地改善水质和停止过度捕捞的努力并没有增加珊瑚礁的生存机会。分析句子结构可知improve在句中应用非谓语动词形式, 且此处修饰名词effort, 表示“做某事的努力”短语为the efforts to do sth. , 后跟不定式作定语。故填to improve。5. 【解析】fighting。考查非谓语动词。上文

51、of为介词, 后跟动名词作宾语, 即the importance of doing sth. 做某事的重要性。故填fighting。6. 【解析】is left。考查动词时态语态。句意: 当它们死后, 它们的骨架被丢弃, 更多的珊瑚生长在上面。本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动, 且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时, 主语为skeleton, 谓语动词用单数。故填is left。7. 【解析】that / which。考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词barriers, 且先行词在从句中作主语, 指物应用关系代词that或which。故填that / which。8. 【解析】powerful。考查形

52、容词。修饰后文名词storms应用形容词powerful作定语, 表示“强大的”。故填powerful。9. 【解析】is taking。考查动词时态。根据后文“at the moment(此刻, 当前)”可知此处应用现在进行时, 主语为a group of scientists, 谓语动词用单数。故填is taking。10. 【解析】a。考查冠词。句意: 他们的项目重点是保护大量没有受到气候变化损害的珊瑚礁。结合句意表示“许多, 大量”短语为a great many。故填a。直击高考培养思维品质. 话题与阅读理解 (2020新高考全国卷完形填空)molai grew up in a tin

53、y village in india. the village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1. he learned the value and beauty of 2 there from a very young age. when he was 16, molai began to notice something 3 happening around his home. a flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven a

54、way a number of birds. 5, the number of snakes had declined as well. he 6 that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the7. the solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. he turned to the 9 department for help but was told that noth

55、ing would grow there. however, molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 11 young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. molai built at the 13 of each sapling(幼树)a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. the w

56、ater would then drip(滴落)on the plants below. molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. his efforts have resulted in 1, 360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 【文章大意】文章讲述了一个印度男孩几十年如一日在所在的村庄周边的荒岛上植树造林, 最后把荒岛变成了许多动植物生长的家园。1. a. dreamb. job c. homed. choic

57、e【解析】选c。逻辑推理题。根据第一句可知小村庄是他的家, 那么后文提到的wetlands就是他的第二个家了。2. a. natureb. youthc. cultured. knowledge【解析】选a。逻辑推理题。根据下文内容他植树造林保护动植物, 可推知他深知自然的价值。3. a. preciousb. interestingc. disturbingd. awkward【解析】选c。逻辑推理题。根据下一句“洪水侵袭了这一地区, 迫使很多鸟类离开, 蛇的数量也在减少”可知不好的事情发生了。disturbing令人不安的, 符合语境。故选c。4. a. wasteb. tensionc.

58、 paind. damage【解析】选d。固定搭配题。分析句子结构可知it caused为定语从句, 结合句意可知洪水带来的损害是使鸟类离开此地, cause damage 造成损害, 为习惯搭配。5. a. besidesb. howeverc. therefored. otherwise【解析】选a。词义辨析题。由前一句“鸟类飞走了”和后一句“蛇的数量减少了”可知两句都是洪水的危害。however和otherwise表示转折关系, therefore表示因果关系, besides表示递进关系, 故besides符合语境。6. a. agreedb. realizedc. remembere

59、dd. predicted【解析】选b。逻辑推理题。结合宾语从句的内容可知这是他分析后得出的结论, 故为realize(意识到)。7. a. noiseb. heatc. diseased. dust【解析】选b。逻辑推理题。结合本句中的werent enough trees和下一句中的during the daytime可推知树木用来遮荫, 保护这些动物免受太阳照射的热量, 故为heat。8. a. directionsb. partnersc. helpd. shelter【解析】选d。背景常识题。根据常识可知树木在炽热的阳光下可以为动物提供遮蔽。故选d。9. a. laborb. pol

60、icec. forestd. finance【解析】选c。逻辑推理题。根据上下文可知要解决问题就得种树, 他自然会向林业相关部门寻求帮助。故选c。10. a. rebuiltb. discoveredc. leftd. managed【解析】选b。逻辑推理题。根据空后的内容a nearby island可知他找到一个小岛, 用discover。11. a. decoratingb. observingc. wateringd. guarding【解析】选c。逻辑推理题。结合下文的内容可知本段讲的是树木的灌溉问题, 故填water(浇水), 符合语境。12. a. toughb. illegal