动词时态和语态(1)

1、动词时态和语态（1）一、动词的分类和形式：动词是表示动作和状态的词。动词有时态、语态和语气3种形式的变化。1、动词按其能否独立作谓语而分为：“谓语动词”和“非谓语动词”两种2、动词的4种基本形式：动词原形、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。3、动词按其构成动词词组作用分为：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。1）实义动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。还可分为持续性动词和瞬间动词；2）连系动词有两种：一种表特征或状态，另一种表状态变化过程。4、五种不同的短语动词：1）“动词+介词”；2）“动词+副词”；3）“动词+副词+介词”；4）“动词+名词（或代词）+介词”；5）“be+形容词（包括相当于形容词的过

2、去分词+介词”。二、动词的时态：1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。）2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）5、过去进行进的用

3、法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时

4、通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for（有时可省去）或since 构成的短语或since引导的从句连用。9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。动词时态与语态（1）1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano.A. is playingB.

5、 playsC. was playingD. played2. She _ the door before she goes away.A. had lockedB. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking.3. A hunter is a man who _ animals.A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching4. What _ if I drink this?A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened5. I will

6、 visit you if Father _ me.A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let6. Look out! That tree _ fall down.A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would7. My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon.A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came8. They cant leave until they _ their work.A. did B. are doing C. have d

7、one D. has done9. Has he seen this film? Yes. He _ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing10. Now Mike isnt here. He _ Mr Greens. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes.A. went to; is coming B. has gone to; will comeC. has been to; will be D. is going to; has come11. That day h

8、e ._ his clothes before he came to see me.A. has washedB. washedC. had been washing D. was washed12. I havent finished my composition.I _ for two hours and a half.A. have written it B. have been writing itC. wrote it D. am writting it13. I will take my daughter with me when I _ ShangHai,A. go to B.

9、will go to C. have been to D. have gone to14. This bright girl _ the truth in front of the enemy.A. didnt sayB. couldnt speak toC. said D. didnt tell15. The bridge which _ last year looks really beautiful.A. was built B. built C. was set up D. had been built16. When _ school begin? Next Monday. A. h

10、as B. does C. did D. is going to17. I will _ here till you give me some money.A. leave B. not leave C. come D. return18. I _ here since I moved here.A. will work B. worked C. work D. have been working19. Every time I _ there, I will buy him something nice.A. went B. will go C. go D. have gone20. It

11、was said that his father _.A. has died B. died. C. has been dead D. had died21. We wont go unless you _ soon.A. had come B. came C. will come D. come22._six years since I began studying English.A. They have been B. it is C. It was D. There are23. They _ the Summer Palace three times.A. have gone toB

12、. have been toC. have been inD. have gone into24. How long havent we seen each other? Well, it _ nearly two years since we _ last. A. is/have met B. was/had met C. is/met D. has been/had met25. Have you seen the art exhibition? No, _ there. A. it was not being held B. they didnt holdC. it had not he

13、ld D. they were holding it26. Dont get off the bus until it _.A. stop B. will stop C. stopped D. has stopped27. Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. I _ it right here. But now its gone. A. did you put/have put B. have you put/putC. had you put/was putting D. were you putting/have put28. The

14、y asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was 10 years since I _ a good drink.A. had enjoyed B. was enjoyingC. enjoyed D. had been enjoying29. Dont come tonight. I would rather you _ tomorrow.A. come B. came C. will come D. coming30. _ you _?A. Do/marry B. Have/marriedC. Have/been married

15、D. Are/married31. When he _ all the newspapers, hell go home.A. sells B. has sold C. will have sold D. will be sold32. This cloth _well and _ long. Ok. Ill take it. A. washes/lasts B. is washed/lastedC. washes/is lasted D. is washing/lasting33. Hurry up, you _ on the phone. Oh, Im coming. Thank you.

16、 A. are wanted B. are being wanted C. want D. are wanting34. I _ see you, but I didnt, for I had no time.A. had wanted toB. has wanted toC. wantedD. was wanted35. I _ in Guang Zhou for six years by this October.A. have lived B. was living C. will be living D. shall have lived36. By this time next ye

17、ar he _ from the college.A. will be graduating B. should be graduatingC. will have graduated D. is graduating37. Our teacher told us that the earth _ from west to east.A. turns B. turn C. has turned D. had turned38. My brother _ while he _ his bicycle and hurt himself.A. fell/was ridingB. fell/were

18、ridingC. had fallen/rodeD. had fallen/was riding39. Bill said he _ twenty-one the next year.A. was going to beB. was about to beC. could beD. was to be40. It is high time you _ in bed now.A. are B. were C. will be D. would be41. After a while an agreement _.A. was arrived atB. was arrived in C. was

19、arrivedD. has been arrived42. The air liner from Beijing _ at 3:00 p.m.A. is about to arrive B. has arrived C. arrives D. is going to arrive43._,that step is not safe!A. Look around B. Look upC. Look out D. Look down44. Have you _ him to give up smoking? No. I _, but he wouldnt listen.A. persuaded/t

20、riedB. tried/persuadedC. tried/triedD. persuaded/persuaded45. The research laboratory is going to _ the new type of computer to use.A. take B. make C. put D. send46. I dont know when he _, but when he _, Ill let you know.A. will come/comesB. comes/will comeC. comes/comes D. will come/will come47. Ho

21、w much do you think that vase _?A. is cost B. used C. was paid for D. cost48. I _ that he would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look diffcult.A. hopeB. had hopedC. hopedD. am hoping49. “Come on, Peter, I want to show you something.”“Oh, how nice of you, I _ you _ to bring me a gift.”

22、A. never think/are goingB. never thought/ were goingC. didnt think/ are goingD. hadnt thought/ were going50. Its a nice flat, but it _ a proper bathroom.A. havent gotB. hasnt gotC. wouldnt getD. doesnt have got51. She had a shock when she heard the news, _?A. hadnt sheB. didnt sheC. wouldnt sheD. wo

23、nt she52. This liquid _ the salt at room temperature.A. became mixed withB. was mixed byC. mixes withD. has been mixing by一、写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词两种形式。（201=20分）1. become _ _ 2. grow _ _3. fly _ _ 4. quarrel _ _5. sit _ _ 6. hold _ _7. swim _ _ 8. study _ _9. sell _ _ 10. give _ _11. understand _ _ 12. perm

24、it _ _13. hurt _ _ 14. flee _ _15. prefer _ _ 16. catch _ _17. shave _ _ 18. teach _ _19. cost _ _ 20. fall _ _二、选词填空（下列方框内的副词或介词常与动词构成短语动词，请根据句意选择适当的副词或介词填空，可以重复使用）。（201=20分）as, across, along, aside, back, down, for, into, to, on, off, out, through, up, with1. I couldnt get _. The line was busy. 2.

25、 Come _, or youll miss the train.3. I was still sleeping when the fire broke _, and luckily I escaped.4. The climate here does not agree _ me. 5. Their marriage broke _ after 25 years.6. The parents set _ money every month for the childrens holidays.7. When we got to the cinema, the tickets had been

26、 sold _.8. Last night the shop was broken _, and a lot of jewels were stolen.9. Our car broke _ on the half way and we had to push it.10. When she came _, she found herself in hospital.11. The police have called _ everyone to watch _ for the escaped prisoner.12. We came _ this little hotel when we w

27、ere wandering about.13. You didnt see the sign which reads “Keep _ the grass”?14. His wife is trying to get him to cut _ the number of cigarettes he smokes each day.15. Its the sort of work that calls _ a particular skill.16. It took them over ten years to pay _ all their debts.17. The farmer built

28、a long fence around his garden to keep pigs and chickens _.18. Our house is rather small and Im sorry we cant put you _ for the night.19. If you find the trousers are too short, you can take them _ to the shop and change them.20. Madame Curie is known _ the discoverer of the element radium while Ein

29、stein is known _ the Theory of Relativity.三、用一个最恰当的动词填空（注意动词的正确形式）。（101=10分）1. The heavy rain _ on for several days and all the roads were flooded.2. Its raining outside, but Ive left my umbrella in the office. Ill have to _ it.3. The child _ to the teacher for being late for school.4. His pale face

30、 _ that he was ill.5. Something has _ wrong with our washing machine. Ill get it repaired this afternoon.6. In autumn, leaves _ yellow.7. In Britain today women _ up 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work.8. Jack agrees with me. He is the only person who _ m

31、y opinion.9. The beautiful young dancers _ the audiences attention the moment the curtain went up.10. I was so familiar with him that I _ his voice the moment I picked up the phone.四、选词填空（注意动词的正确形式）。（52=10分）1. rise; raisea) The speaker _ his voice so as to be heard by all.b) The speakers voice _ and

32、 now everyone could hear him clearly.2. lie; laya) The young couple _ on the grass, their eyes looking at the sky.b) Mother came out of the kitchen and _ the table for supper.3. wish; hope a) My parents _ me to come back home for the Spring Festival family reunion. b) All my teachers _ that I will b

33、e able to go to Oxford University for further study.4. spare; leavea) With only a few minutes _, he hurried to the cinema before the film started.b) They started off late and got to the railway station with only a few minutes to_.5. expect; suppose a) The train was _ to arrive at 11:30, but was an h

34、our late.b) He returned to the company three days later than we _.五、语法填空（阅读下面短文，根据短语动词的搭配，在空格处填入一个适当的副词或介词，或者使用括号里所给的动词用其正确形式填空）。（151=15分）During a dinner party, a self-important businessman said, “The problem with our education system starts with teachers. What can our kids 1 (learn) from people who

35、 decided their best option in life was to become a teacher? Those who can, do. Those who cant, teach.”A guest protested (反驳), “I 2 ( be) a teacher for 20 years, and thats simplistic and unfair.”“Really?” the businessman said. “Then 3 （be）honest, what do you make?”“I suppose youre thinking 4 money,”

36、the teacher replied. “I earn enough, but let me 5 (tell) you what I make.“I make other peoples children read, think, write, wonder, and talk 6 important things such as the world and their role in it.“I make them appreciate the value of education, not simply as a way 7 ( make) a living, but as a way

37、to make a life.“I make them work harder than they want to and accomplish more than they thought possible.“I encourage them 8 (be) skeptical (多疑的) without being cynical (愤世嫉俗的) and optimistic without being nave (幼稚的).“I make them understand that the quality of their life 9 (determine) by their choice

38、s, and I make them take responsibility 10 their actions.“I make them feel proud, capable, and worthy when they 11 (try) hard. “I make them appreciate the importance of integrity (正直) and honor in a world that too often shows little regard for either.“I make them respect themselves and 12 (treat) oth

39、ers with respect.“I make them feel proud and grateful 13 (live) in America where people are treated fairly and with respect and 14 (judge) by their accomplishments and character, not by their color, creed, or size of their bank account.“Most of all, I 15 (make) a difference.“So now,” the teacher sai

40、d to the businessman, “tell us what you make?”六、短文改错（下面短文中有10处动词错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改）。（101=10分）A man hadnt been felt very well and so he goed to his doctor and has a complete checkup.After was examining him the doctor said, “I have some good news and some bad news for you. Which you want to hear fir

41、st?”“Tell me the bad news first,” sayed the man.The doctor replying, “The bad news is, you had Alzheimers disease (阿尔茨海默氏病) .”“And the good news?” asking the man. “The good news is, when you arrive home you didnt remember the bad news!”七、完成句子（阅读下列各小题，根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子）。（101.5=15分）1. When we departed, s

42、he told me _ (和她保持联系) by e-mail. 2. He _ (陷入沉思) and didnt notice me standing nearby.3. My foot hurts, and thats why _ (我不能跟上其他人).4. We find that most children _ (认为理所当然) that their parents should give them more pocket money.5. She kept it a secret so as _ (不失去工作).6. Enough _ (已引起重视) to the developme

43、nt of the western part of China.7. As _ (众所周知), the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was a great success.8. The local people on both sides of the river _ (获益不浅) from this bridge which is _ (明年竣工). 9. They want _ (向公众澄清) that their government always _ (把人民的利益置于一切之上).10. We _ (已作决定) our minds _ (好好利用) this

44、summer holidays _ (补课).一、动词填空（用括号内动词的正确时态填空）。（201=20分）1. Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time? Yes, since he _ (join) our club. 2. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.3. If the weather had been better, we could have had a picnic. But it _ (rain) all da

45、y.4. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ (know) each other for years.5. Have you got any job offers? No. I _ (wait). 6. I called Alice many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ (talk) on the phone all the time!7. Have you read a book calle

46、d Waiting for Anya? Who _ (write) it?8. Did you watch the football match last night? Yes, I did. You know, my brother _ (play) in the match.9. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ (leave) for London to attend a meeting.10. IknowalittlebitaboutItalyasmywifeandI_ (go)thereseveralyearsago.11. Is ther

47、e anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ (just, think) of my parents back home. 12. Tom, you didnt come to the party last night? I _ (go) to, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.13. How can I apply for an online course? Just fill out this form and we _ (see) wha

48、t we can do for you.14. Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday? Yes, he did. He _ (see) his old friends for a long time.15. Has your father returned from Africa yet? Yes, but he _ (be) here for only three days before his company sent him to Australia.16. _ you _ (show) him around the museum

49、 yet? Yes. We had a great time there. 17. As you can see, the number of cars on roads _ (keep) rising these days.18. I _ (go) to leave at the end of this month. I dont think you should do that until you _ (find) another job.19. At this time tomorrow we _ (fly) over the Atlantic.20. It _ (be) long be

50、fore we _ (know) the result of the experiment. 二、选词填空（从方框内选出一个适当的短语动词填空，注意其时态）。（102=20分）pick up, wait for, close down, make up, come to, add to, make for, consist of,give out, turn out, break out, drop in1. Hurry up! Alice and Sue _ you at the school gate.2. Do you know when World War II _?3. At the

51、 present speed, the worlds oil supply _ soon.4. Women only _ 30 percent of the workforce in that factory.5. The weather _ to be fine yesterday. I neednt have takenthe trouble to carry my umbrella with me.6. When he realized the police had seen him, the man _ the exit as quickly as possible.7. Now and then they _ at our house and have a t