(完整版)初中定语从句总结用法大全

1、定语从句走进中考定语从句的难点在于学生分析不清楚先行词，不能正确使用关系 代词和关系副词，不能正确理解定语从句中的一些特殊用法。中考对 于定语从句的掌握要求如下：1. 掌握关系代词的用法，特别是that , WhiCh , who, WhOlTl WhOSe 作主语、表语和定语的用法。2. 掌握关系副词When Where , Why引导定语从句的用法；3. 掌握“介词+关系代词”的用法，尤其是介词的选取和使用；4. 掌握关系代词that和WhiCh的用法的异同；5. 掌握表示地点或时间的名词充当先行词时，关系代词和关系副词的选择问题。思维导图概念和位置再语从句位置、概念及构成先行词和关系词

2、定语从句的构成that引导WhiCh引导苦系代词引导的定语从句who, WhOlTl 弓I 导WhOSe弓I导定语从句when弓I导声系副词引导的定语从句where弓I导Why弓I导只用that不用WhiCh的情况只用WhiCh不用that声语从句使用的注意事项定语从句中的主谓L 一致关系代词和关系副词的区别介词+关系代词I-定语从句的概念和位置在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句。定语从句在句子的作用相当于形容词， 故又称为形容词从句。（在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句）e.g.: DO you know the girl WhO is Singing On the stage

3、?ThiS is the museum WhiCh WaS built IaSt year.2.先行词和关系代词被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词叫关系词，指代先行词，放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用, 同时又充当定语从句的某一个成分（主语、宾语、表语、状语等）；e.g.: The_man_who has an UmbreIla in his hand is my uncle.先行词关系代词（在从句中做主语）TheJrain WhiCh hs just Ieft is for ShenZhen.先行词关系代词（做主语）Let* S find a_pla

4、ce_where 命 Can have a picnic.先行词关系副词（地点状语）关系代词二连接词+代词定语从句的构成:He has a car. + The Car has 7 seats.=He has a Car and it has 7 SeatS.=He has a Car WhiCh has 7 seats.The hotel is Very Clean.+ We StayeCl here=The hotel Where We Stayecl WaS Very Clean.We met a man. + The man ClireCteCl US to the factory.=

5、We met a man and he directed US to the factory.=We met a man WhO ClireCteCl US to the factory.3.关系代词引导的定语从句出题点：A指代人的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法；B指代物的关系代词充当主语、宾语、表语的用法。关系代词在句子中起连接、替代的作用，在句子中充当一定的成分，修饰前面的先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词that, WhiCh , who, WhOm WhOSeJ主要用法如下表格：先行词主语宾语所有格人Who/thatWhOm/thatWhOSe事物、动词Which/thatWhich/

6、thatWhOSe人+动物thatthat人+事物关系代词与普通代词的区别：普通代词只起替代作用。关系代词替代先行词，在定语从句中充当一定的成分，同时把先行词与定语 从句联系在一起，起连词的作用。That可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。作宾语时可以省略。作介词宾语时，介词不可提到 that之前，若介词提到前面，指物用WhiCh指人用WhOme.g.: VieWS that are entirely new may also be hard to accept.We need a PerSOn that is right for the job.The PiCtUre (t

7、hat) We are StUdying WaS ClraWn by afifteenyearoId student.ii. WhiCh引导的定语从句WhiChWhiCh 一股指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语。作宾语的关系代词可以省略(放介词后除外)：e.g.: The river WhiCh runs through the Center Of the City WaS polluted SeriOUSly.The StOry (WhiCh) he told WaS Very popular.The house in WhiCh I USeCl to IiVe has become a ShO

8、e ShOP.iii. WhO WhOmgl导的定语从句二者都用丁指人。WhCft定语从句中作主语、宾语；WhOmA定语从句中 作宾语。作宾语的关系代词who, WhomT以省略(介词后作宾语的关系 代词除外)e.g.:-We are PrOUd Of MO Yan.一Yes. He is a great Writer WhO WOn the NObel PriZe inLiteratUre in 2012.e.g.: Her SiSter married a man (who/WhOm) She met On a PIane.*注意：先行词为One, ones, anyone或those时，

9、定语从句中的关 系代词用WhO自助者天助之。e.g.: God helps those WhO help themselves.重点:提酉星：WhOm在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到WhOm前面时，不能用 WhO 代替:e.g.: The PerSOn to WhO you just talked is Deep.（错 误） 应该为to_WhOm或者可以这样表之? The PerSOn who/whomyou just talked to is Deep.（正确）在现代英语中，定语从句中作宾语的关系代词WhO顽以用WhO代替，但WhO不用丁介词之后。在非限定性定语从句中，WhO并可用WhO

10、代替。iv. Whose?）导的定语从句WhOSeM以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。e.g.: DO you know the girl WhOSe JaPaneSe is excellent?I , d Iike a room WhOSe WindOW IOOkS OUt OVer the Sea重点提升：有时U WhOSe琢词”可用“限定词+名词+of which/WhOITl,或者“of whichwhom+限定词+名词”来替代。e.g.: He IiVeS in a house WhOSe WindOWS face SOUth.=He IiVeS in a house WhOSe

11、 WindOWS face SOUth.=He IiVeS in a house the WinClOWS Of WhiCh face SOUth.另：WhOSe琢词引导定语从句时，名词前不能再接限定词，只有转换为“限定词+名词+ofwhich/WhOm,或ofwhich/WhOm+限定词+名词”时，名词前面可以有限定词。出题点：关系副词WhenJ WhereJ Why的用法4.关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。常用的关系副词有Whe n,WhereJ Why等。选择哪一个关系副词要看其前面的先行词。关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分Where表示地点的名词地点状

12、语When表示时间的名词时间状语WhyReaSOn原因状语e.g. I remember thejday . + We first met then .=l remember the_day Whenwe first met.关系副词作时间状语，相当丁 On WhiCh(1) When引导定语从句Wherl指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。它的先行词通常为time J day, week等表示时间的名词。此时时常可用On WhiCh , in WhiCh , during WhiCh 等替代。e.g.: APril the first is the day When PeOPle make fu

13、n Of others.I StiII remember the time When I first travelled by plane.注意：当表示时间的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用Whe nwhere指地点，在定语从句中作状语。它的先行词常为PIaCe , house, COUntry(2) Where引导的定语从句等表示地点的名词。此时常可以用in WhiCh , at WhiCh等替 代。e.g.: LaSt year my Parents Went to thejarm Where they WOrkeCl 30years ago.先行词关系副词作地点状语，相当

14、于inWhiChKeep the books in a-place where you Can find them easily.先行词关系副词作地点状语，相当于atwhich(3) Why引导的定语从句Why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason J此时常可以用for WhiCh来代替。e.g.: I know the_reasOn Why She Ieft you.先行词关系副词作原因状语PIeaSe tell me thejeason Why She is Crying SO bad I y.注意：先行词是the reason,关系副词Why在定语从句中充当原因状语

15、。但是当先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，关系代词不能用Why,要用that或WhiCh引导。5.定语从句中的注意事项岀题点：A只用that不用WhiCh的情况B.只用WhiCh不用that的情况C.定语从句中的主谓一致D. “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择(1) 只用that不用WhiCh的情况;A 先行词时不定代词或者被不定代词修饰时先彳亍i司是 anything , everything , nothing , few, all, none, IittIeJ SOme 等， 或者 由 every J any, all, some, no, IittleJ few, much等不定代词修

16、饰时，关系代词用that不用WhiChOe.g.: HaVe you taken down everything that Mr. Li has SaiCI?Any_manthat doesn, t have a SenSe Of duty can* t do the thing well.B. 先行词时序数词或者形容词最高级或者被其修饰时e.g.: TheJirSHhing that my brother is going to do this after noon isto StUdy PhySiCS.I have found the_best_Way that COUICl finish

17、 the test.C. 先行词既有指人的名词乂有指物的名词时e.g.: He WaS WatChing the_ChiIClren_and_parcels that filled With the car.JaCk took PhOtOgraPhS Of thejhings_andjeople that he WaS interested in.D. 当主句是以WhO或者WhiCh开头的特殊疑问句时e.g.: WhOiS the PerSOn that is Standing at the gate?WhiCh is the bike that you lost?E. 先行词前有the On

18、ly J the Very等修饰时 e.g.: ThiS is the very CliotiOnary that I Want to buy.After the fire5 the OICl Car WaSthe-onlyjhing that he OWnecI.汪息：当主语是以here , there FF头且先行词是指物的名词时，用that而 不用WhiCh引导。e.g. : Here is the book that you are IOOking for.口诀记忆：只用 that 的情况:the Only 3 the Very 3 the Same 3 no, any 先行 词即有人

19、 又有物，高级，不定和序数。(2)只用WhiCh不用that的情况A.关系代词前有介词且指物时e.g.: I, ITl IOOking for a COntainer in WhiCh I Can PUt all these PeaCheS.A ZOO is a Park in_WhiCh manykinds Of animals are kept for exhibition.B.先行词本身就是that时e.g.: I don t Iike that WhiCh he did.What is that WhiCh is On the groIJnd?C.引导非限定性定语从句时非限定性定语从句

20、的关系代词或关系副词与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。e.g.: FOOtbaII, WhiChJSVeryJntereSting_game, is PlayeCl all OVer the WOrICI.Their house WaS WaSheCl away by the floods, WhiCh made them sad.另：限定性定语从句即我们初中阶段所学的定语从句，定语从句和先行词之间的关系密 切，不用逗号隔开，说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等，不能去掉。非限定性定语从句主要起补充说明的作用，往往用逗号与先行词隔开，去掉后不影响主句的意义。(3) 定语从句中的主谓一致这里指关系代词在定语从

21、句中做主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式要与先行词一致的问题。先行词时单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从 句的谓语动词用复数。e.g.: The_man WhO is PIaying football is my PE teacher.I IOVe Singers WhO Write their OWn music.要点提升：UOne Of +复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数形式；Uthe OnIyveryright One Of +复数可数名词”充当先行词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。e.g.: TOrn is One of the StUdents

22、 WhO were awarded.TOm is the-only one of the StUdentS WhO WaS awarded.(4) “介词+关系代词”结构中介词的选择A.根据定语从句中的谓语动词判断-般定语从句的谓语动词如果是及物动词,后面没有宾语时就用关系代词；如果是不及物动词就用关系副词。e.g.: ThiS is the factory that/WhiCh I ViSiteCl IaSt year.ThiS is the factory where I USed to work./、项占士 :定语从句中究竟用关系代词还是用关系副词，把握好一个原则：弄活楚它在从句中充当什

23、么成分，充当状语，即用关系副词，反之则用关系代词。B.根据定语从句中所缺少的成分判断分析定语从句缺失何种成分(主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语)，如果缺少主语、宾语、表 语、定语用关系代词；缺少状语用关系副词。e.g.: IS this the museum (that/WhiCh) you ViSiteCl a few days ago?ViSiteel后面缺少宾语IS this the museum Where the exhibitiOn WaS heICl ?WaS held后面缺少地点状语(5) “介词+关系代词”的用法有时定语从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词+关系代词”结构，该结构中个关系代词可用WhiCh , whose, whose, WhOm不可以用that和WhO=该结构中的介词可以根据定语