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1、专题五 动词和动词短语一、动词的分类根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:1.行为动词(实义动词)及物动词 (带宾语):study, develop;不及物动词(不带宾语)work, swim, go, come状态动词(相对静止)contain, exist, own, prefer, belong动作动词 延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come)2.系动词表示人或事物的特征和状态:be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound表示状态的变化:turn, go, become, get, fall, grow表示某种状
2、态的延续或持续:remain, keep, stay3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语):be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall4.情态动词:can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)二、动词及动词短语 易混动词归纳对比 1、lay(放), lie(躺)与lie(说谎):这三个易混动词构成见下表:中 文原 形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielaylainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和
3、raise:rise是不及物动词,其过去式是rose,过去分词是risen,而raise是及物动词,是规则动词。3、hear与listen to:hear侧重点是听到,听见什么,而listen to是侧重于听的倾向,但hear用于无意中的听见,而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。4、see, watch和look:see用作看电影,剧目;watch则用作看电视比赛,而watch还有在旁观看之意。如:are you going to play or only watch?;look一般用作不及物动词,只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词,如:the little boy looked me in
4、 the face.(小男孩直盯着我的脸。)5、hang的用法:hang有两个意思:一为悬挂,是不规则动词,过去式、过去分词都是hung;二为绞刑,是规则动词,其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。6、bear的过去分词born与borne:bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born,borne。只有当be+born短语后没有by介词短语时,才可用born。如:he was born in shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如:she has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲,则一律用borne。7、sit与seat:seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲,sit只是表
5、示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如:they were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:i seated myself in the armchair.8、borrow, lend与keep:借入英文中用borrow,借出用lend,但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词,不能用于长时间的动作,所以我能借多久应用keep。9、win与beat:win作胜、赢讲时其后应接,a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a race, a bet,但不能接人,如果接人则有
6、另外的含意。如:i have won him. 即我已说服他了,我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲,直接接人、队。10、steal与rob:steal为偷。rob为抢,其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地,而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。11、fit与suit:fit与suit均可作合适讲,但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适,而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 12、take, bring 与fetch:英文中拿三个词,即拿来,拿去,去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来,带来是bring,拿去带走是take,而去取回来是fetch。13、answ
7、er与reply:作为回答讲answer是及物动词,如作不及物动词,则意义不同,如answer for,意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词,后跟宾语时,要加上to。14、reach,arrive与get to:reach当到达讲是及物动词,而当延伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲,则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。15、cost,spend与take:英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take,但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲,主语不能是人,而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on
8、stamps.而take作花费讲时,可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it,如it takes me three hours to finish this work.16、lost, gone与missing:作补足语时意为丢失、不见了,可以用lost, gone,但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.17、have on, wear, put on及dress:作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态,而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作,但dress既可用作状态,又可用作穿衣动作,但
9、用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:he was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时,其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词,如:i dress my children in the morning every day.18、begin与startbegin与start 均可作开始讲,并无多少区别,同样可接不定式或动名词,但在下面的场合多要用start:1)机器的开动发动;2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。19、allow 与pe
10、rmitallow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词,如接人后再接动词则要用不定式,所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如:people are not allowed to spit.20、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found,而found是动词“建立”的原形,其过去式和过去分词是founded,founded,如:the peoples republic of china was founded in 1949.21、speak, say, talk 与tell英文中讲有4个词,speak, say, talk, tell,但其中speak, talk多用作
11、不及物动词,但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词,如:please speak english。而say与tell是及物动词,其中tell常用作接双宾语,如:tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法,如:在作讲实话,讲谎言,表示时间常用单宾语而不能换其它词,如:my watch was broken. it couldnt tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为it said 。在作辨别不同讲时是tell,如:can you tell me the difference between the two?而讲别人好坏话时用speak,如:the
12、 father always speaks well of his son.。22、与名词易混的动词有:advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 23、意义相近的动词:ring摇铃,打铃,电话铃响,strike专指敲钟,打几点,撞击;suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议,advice表示对经验不足
13、人的一种忠告;look由视觉得出的印象,seem暗示一定根据的判定,appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此;stay停留,逗留,remain遗物,某物被取走一部分后剩余部分;discover(发现)找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西,invent(发明)研制出不存在的东西;remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事,remind提醒某人做某事。1. - its a good idea. but whos going to _the plan? -i th
14、ink tom and greg will. a. set aside b. carry out c. take in d. get through 2. happily for johns mother, he is working harder to _ his lost time.&
15、#160; a. make up for b. keep up with c. catch up with d. make use of 3. if you had _ your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would
16、0;have made fewer mistakes. a. looked up b. thought about c. gone over d. gone round 4. would you slow down a bit, please? i cant _ you. a. keep
17、;up with b. put up with c. make up to d. hold on to 5. youd better _ some money for special use. a. pick up b. give away c. put off
18、d. set aside 6. in order to _ with the advanced countries, we must keep learning. a. get along b. put up c. catch up d. go on 7. we didnt p
19、lan our art exhibition like that but it _ very well. a. worked out b. tried out c. went on d. carried on 8. im planning to hold a party in
20、the open air, but i can make no guarantees because it _ the weather. a. links with b. depends on c. connects to d. decides on 9. - smoking is bad
21、 for your health. -yes, i know. but i simply cant _. a. give it up b. give it in c. give it out d. give it away 10. if you _ any
22、problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring a. come up with b. set about c. run into d. put aside 11. we thought of selling this old&
23、#160;furniture, but weve decided to _ it. it might be valuable. a. hold on to b. keep up with c. turn to d. look after 12. his mother had thought
24、;it would be good for his character to _ from home and earn some money on his own. a. run away b. take away c. keep away d. get away 13. can
25、 you make a sentence to _ the meaning of the phrase? a. show off b. turn out c. bring out d. take in 14. news reports say peace talks between
26、0;the two countries_ with no agreement reached. a. have broken down b. have broken out c. have broken in d. have broken up 15. dont mention that at the beginning
27、160;of the story, or it may _ the shocking ending. a. give away b. give out c. give up d. give off 16. the idea puzzled me so much that i st
28、opped for a few seconds to try to_. a. make it out b. make it off c. make it up d. make it over 17. he _ some french while he was away&
29、#160;on a business trip in paris. a. made out b. picked up c. gave up d. took in 18. the engine of the ship was out of order and the bad wea
30、ther_ the helplessness of the crew at sea. a. added to b. resulted from c. turned out d. made up 19. were going to _ with some friends for a picn
31、ic. would you like to join us? a. get in b. get over c. get along d. get together 20. he was in hospital for six months. he felt as if he
32、60;was _ from the outside world. a. cut out b. cut up c. cut off d. cut through 21. it was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important
33、60;test, and as a result, he got punished. a. stick to b. refer to c. keep to d. point to 22. the sports meet will be_ next week because of the&
34、#160;bad weather. a. put off b. put away c. put up d. put down 23. _this book and tell me what you think of it. a. look through b. look on
35、; c. look into d. look up 24. after all the students had taken their seats, the teacher _the examination paper. a. handed in b. handed on c. handed out
36、0; d. handed over 25. i really dont want to go to the party, but i dont see how i can it. a. get back from b. get off c. get away d. ge
37、t out of 26. readers can_ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. a. get over b. get in c. get along d. get through 27. i can
38、 hardly hear the radio. would you please_? a. turn it on b. turn it down c. turn it up d. turn it off 28. it is wise to have some money for&
39、#160;old age. a. put away b. kept up c. given away d. laid up 29. we are all going to the games. why dont you come _? a. up b. across c. a
40、long d. to 30. she_ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. a. looked up b. looked for c. picked out d. picked
41、;up 31. nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to_. a. be put up b. give in c. be turned on d. go out 32. the&
42、#160;internet has brought _ big changes in the way we work. a. about b. out c. back d. up 33. i dont _ rocknroll. its much too noisy for my taste
43、. a. go after b. go away with c. go into d. go in for 34. it was not a serious illness, and she soon _ it. a. got over b. got on
44、;with c. got round d. got out of 35. the forest guards often find campfires that have not been _ completely. a. turned down b. put out c. put away
45、0; d. turned over 36. in some western countries, demand for graduates from mba courses has _. a. turned down b. turned over c. fallen down d. fallen over 3
46、7. you can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _the books when youve finished with them. a. put on b. put down c. put back d. put of
47、f 38. we wanted to get home before dark, but it didnt quite _ as planneda. make out b. turn out c. go on d. come up 39. it is certain that
48、160;he will _ his business to his son when he gets old.a. take over b. think over c. hand over d. go over 40. he accidentally _ he had quarreled w
49、ith his wife and that he hadnt been home for a couple of week. a. let out b. took care c. made sure d. made out 41. we have to _ the wh
50、eat as soon as possible because a storm is on the way. a. get away b. get across c. get through d. get in 42. once a decision has been made,
51、all of us should _ it. a. direct to b. stick to c. lead to d. refer to 43. before the war broke out, many people _ in safe places possessions
52、0;they could not take with them. a. threw away b. put away c. gave away d. carried away 44. its ten years since the scientist _ on his lifes work
53、;of discovering the valuable chemical. a. made for b. took off c. set out d. turned up 45. to keep healthy, professor johnson _ cycling as regular form of e
54、xercise after he retired. a. took up b. caught on c. carried on d. made for 46. helen always helps her mother even though going to school _ most of
55、60;her day. a. saves up b. makes up c. takes up d. puts up 47. the final examination is coming up soon. its time for us to _ our studies. a.
56、0;get down to b. get out c. get back for d. get over 48. after a long way she was tired and her legs _. a. gave in b. gave out c. gave
57、 up d. gave away 49. failure is the mother of success. _your courage. a. keep up b. keep off c. keep on d. keep away 50. the picture of the
58、0;park _ memories of our class trip last year. a. took up b. came up c. turned up d. called up 51. if mary carries on working like this, shell _&
59、#160;sooner or later. a. hold on b. give out c. get down d. break down 52. ill _the matter as soon as possible. just have a little patience. a. look&
60、#160;into b. look after c. look through d. look about 53. i can _ some noise while im studying, but i cant stand loud noise.a. keep up with b. get
61、along with c. catch up with d. put up with 54. my cousin doesnt know what to _ at the university; he cant make up his mind about his future. a.
62、0;take on b. take away c. take up d. take after 55. people in the far-away mountain village cannot_ this program. a. take down b. pick up c. put awa
63、y d. get along 56. thank you, but ill have to _ your offer. a. turn away b. turn down c. turn back d. turn off 57. restaurants in every corner&
64、#160;of chengdu not only provide job opportunities but _ lots of taxes as well. a. bring along b. bring about c. result in d. result from 58. the continuous
65、 rain _ the harvesting of the wheat by two weeks. a. set back b. set off c. set out d. set aside 59. it was a bad idea to build a power
66、 station in the deep valley, but it _ as well as we had hoped. a. came off b. made out c. brought out d. went off 60. under good treatment, linda&
67、#160;is beginning to_ and will soon recover.a. turn up b. pick out c. pick up d. show up 61. i simply couldnt understand how it _ that you did so
68、much work in such a short time. a. came up b. came along c. came back d. came about 62. i kept asking mr. smith to stay for lunch and he fin
69、ally _. a. gave up b. gave out c. gave in d. gave away 63. difficulties and hardships have _ the best character of the young geologist. a. brought in
70、 b. brought up c. brought out d. brought about 64. without proper lessons, you could _ a lot of bad habits when playing the piano. a. keep up b.
71、;pick up c. draw up d. catch up 65. peter _ a little money every month so that he can buy a car of his own in the near future.a. sets aside
72、60; b. sets about c. sets off d. sets out 66. - are you ready to leave? - almost. ill be ready to leave just as soon as i _ my work. a.
73、;get through b. give up c. carry out d. set about 67. - how is dennis getting along with his work? - well, he can always _ a new idea
74、;for increasing sales. a. come about b. come up with c. get way with d. get up 68. all the children on the playground stared up into the sky until
75、;the noise of the plane _. a. gave up b. went out c. died away d. took off 69. do be careful while crossing the street. if not you may get _
76、 by a passing car. a. run over b. run into c. run out d. run across 70. i tried to work on, but i got so tired that i could no longer
77、160;_. a. keep out b. come down c. come up d. hold out 71. john has put on so much weight recently that his mother has to _ all his trousers
78、;to his measure. a. make up b. give away c. bring in d. let out 72. the hotel porter _ anybody who wasnt wearing a collar and tie. a. turned aga
79、inst b. turned off c. turned away d. turned up 73. - will somebody go and get dr. white? - hes already been _. a. asked for b. sent for c.
80、;called for d. looked for 74. some of the students had learned enough english to _ a conversation with a native speaker of english. a. go on b. carry o
81、n c. keep on d. take on 75. it was getting dark. we decided to _ for the night at a farmhouse. a. put up b. put away c. put down d. p
82、ut on 76. how i wish i could _my ideas in simple and wonderful english chatting on the internet. a. set off b. set out c. set over d. set up
83、; 77. the photographer needs to charge up the digital camera every day as the battery _ quickly. a. shuts up b. ends up c. runs out d. turns out 78.
84、160;if you lack experience, you can _ it through practice. a. make up b. make up for c. make of d. make from 79. i could see a car in the di
85、stance, but couldnt _ what color it was.a. make out b. see through c. look out d. watch out 80. many foreigners _ the great wall of china as the w
86、orlds seventh wonder. a. look at b. look for c. look around d. look on 81. - not getting that job was a big disappointment. - dont worry. something b
87、etter will _. a. come along b. take on c. go on d. carry on 82. eating too much fat can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressurea. result fr
88、om b. contribute to c. attend to d. devote to 83. i dont feel well. i think im _ with the flu. a. going up b. dropped in c. getting in touc
89、h d. coming down 84. in britain today, women _ 44% of the workforce, and nearly half the mothers with children are in paid work. a. build up b. make
90、0;up c. take up d. send up 85. our city is no longer what it used to be. it has _ a new look. a. carried on b. kept on c. taken on
91、0; d. put on 86. the school bus was _ by thick fog. a. held up b. broken off c. kept up d. put off 87. we had an anxious moment, but everyt
92、hing _ all right in the end. a. turned out b. turned in c. turned up d. turned off 88. in disneyland, every year, some 800,000 plants are replaced beca
93、use disney refused to _ signs asking his “guests” not to step on them. a. take down b. call for c. put up d. set up 89. when a fire _ at
94、0;the national exhibition in london, at least ten priceless paintings were completely destroyed. a. broke off b. broke out c. broke down d. broke up 90. the spo
95、rts meet, originally due to be held last friday, was finally _ because of the bad weather. a. set off b. broken off c. worn off d. called off 91.
96、;the store had to _ a number of clerks because sales were down. a. lay out b. lay off c. lay aside d. lay down 92. when he realized the police had spotted him, the man _
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