加拿大非常规油气资源

1、Issue Session 2.7Canadian Unconventional Sourcesof Fossil FuelsWorld Energy CongressChris Seasons - Devon CanadaSeptember 14, 2010Major Canadian BasinsWCSBDelta/ArcticJeanne DArc/SableSource: CAPPMontrealCalgaryNYSE:DVNslide 3Canadian Resource PyramidOilPrimarySecondary(e.g., Water Flood)Tertiary(e.

2、g., CO2Flood)Thermal(e.g., SAGD)ShalesIncreased Operating ChallengesIncreased CostImproved TechnologyConventionalResourcesSmall volumes that are easy to developUnconventional ResourcesLarge volumes that are difficult to develop NYSE:DVNslide 4Canadian Resource PyramidGasConventionalTight Gas SandsCo

3、al Bed MethaneShale GasGas HydratesIncreased Operating ChallengesIncreased CostImproved TechnologySource: CAPPConventionalResourcesSmall volumes that are easy to developUnconventional ResourcesLarge volumes that are difficult to develop Oil SandsNYSE:DVNslide 6Global Crude Oil Reservesby CountryIncl

4、udes 170 billion barrels of oil sands reservesSource: Oil & Gas Journal/CAPPNYSE:DVNslide 7Source: CAPPCanadian Crude Oil ProductionOil Sands and ConventionalOil SandsCurrent Commercial Production TechnologiesMining oil sands less than 60 m deepIn situ oil sands more than 60 m deepCyclic Steam P

5、rocessSteam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)Source: Canadian Centre for Energy InformationNYSE:DVNslide 9Oil Sands Projects In Three DepositsIn Situ ProjectsMining ProjectsFortMcMurrayCold LakeFort HillsHorizonJoslyn CreekSyncrudeSuncorMuskeg RiverAlbianDoverMacKay RiverFirebagHangingstoneLong LakeS

6、urmontChristina Lake (ECA)Foster CreekWolf Lake/PrimroseHilda LakeCold LakeTucker LakeJackfishKearl LakeJackpinePeace RiverPeace RiverSealPeace RiverPeace RiverSealNorthern LightsWhite Sands300 kmNYSE:DVNslide 10Oil SandsKey Current Issues Land usage Boreal Forest disturbance Fresh water usage/impac

7、t Greenhouse gasesNYSE:DVNslide 11Oil SandsLand UsageSource: CAPPNYSE:DVNslide 12Oil SandsMining and In SituOil Sands Reserves(170 Billion Barrels)Oil Sands Land Use(140,200 km2)Mining20%In Situ80%In Situ(Minor Surface Disturbance)97%Mining 3%Source: CAPPNYSE:DVNslide 13Oil SandsLand Usage All distu

8、rbed land must be reclaimed by law Surface disturbance per barrel (SAGD) 1-2% vs. conventional oil in Canada New tailings management technologies being employed to dramatically reduce time to reclaim lands Reuse technologies being employed to reduce the size of tailings ponds Increased well density

9、per pad, low impact pipelining developed in conjunction with Government of AlbertaNYSE:DVNslide 14Oil SandsFresh Water Usage High proportion of water recycled and continues to improve Imperial Cold Lake: 85% reduction over 30 years Some in situ (SAGD) projects use no fresh water (saline water 4,000

10、ppm TDS) Fresh water withdrawals from Athabasca River closely monitored and are less than 2% of volume New technologies focusing on less intensive use of waterNYSE:DVNslide 15Oil SandsGreenhouse Gases Focus on decreasing intensity per barrel production 39% intensity decrease since 1990 Currently 5-1

11、5% greater emissions on a full cycle basis vs. U.S. crude supply average Technology concentrating primarily on lowering energy usage Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) most effective at large conventional sourcesNYSE:DVNslide 16Full Cycle GHG EmissionsSource: Jacobs ConsultancyLife Cycle Assessment Co

12、mparison for North America and Imported Crudes, June 2009Approx 55% of 2008 oil sands productionApprox 40% of 2008 oil sands productionApprox 5% of 2008 oil sands productionNo current production(likely future scenario)98102102102106104114108105116113Range of CommonU.S. Imported Crude OilsU.S.Domesti

13、cCommon U.S.Conventional Oil ImportsOil SandsOn a life cycle basis, oil sands have similar GHG emissions toother sources of oilFull cycle emissions or “wells to wheels” is the appropriate measure to use in setting carbon policiesNYSE:DVNslide 17Oil SandsGHG Technology SolutionsEnergy EfficiencyLow E

14、nergy extraction35oC instead of 80oC = 1/3 less energyWorking on lower temperaturesUnderground combustion rather than steamPetrobank Whitesands THAI processAdditives to reduce the need for both water and energy (steam)LASER (Imperial), SAP (Cenovus), N-SolvSC-SAGD (Laricina), SOLVE (Statoil/PTRC)Ele

15、ctricity instead of steam to warm the heavy oil undergroundET-Energy, ShellCarbon Capture and StorageMost effective at upgraders/hydrogen plantsShell Quest under constructionSource: CAPPShale GasNYSE:DVNslide 19Canadas Natural Gas Resource 3,915 TCF Source: CSUGNYSE:DVNslide 20Shale Gas BasinsSource

16、: CSUGNYSE:DVNslide 21Multi-Stage FractureAlong a Horizontal WellSource: Alberta Venture/CAPPGas locked in solid rock formationNYSE:DVNslide 22Shale GasIssuesFrackingPotential interference with fresh water tableFresh water usage: volumeChemical additives in frac fluidSolutions:-Fresh water reuse-Use of saline waterSurface land usageLarge scale development: wells, pipelines, roads, plant