英语核心句法(四)状语从句(1)

1、年 级高二学 科英语编稿老师李敏英课程标题核心句法（四）状语从句（1）一校林卉二校黄楠审核赵梅红在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的从句叫状语从句。状语从句在句中的作用相当于一个副词，因此也叫副词性从句。从句的位置可放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号；放在句末时，从句前面一般不用逗号。根据含义，状语从句可分为：时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、让步、条件、比较等9种。状语从句是高中阶段的重点，也是历年高考的常考点，经常会在单选、完形填空、短文改错等题目中出现，在阅读理解、阅读表达以及写作中也占有重要地位。状语从句的重点：掌握并正确使用不同种类的从句应使用

2、的连词。本讲处理状语从句主要考查点其中的三个方面：1. 主从句时态的呼应问题2. 连词的辨析问题，如：when, while, as; because, since, as, for等3. 状语从句中的倒装问题 一、知识精讲 1. 时间状语从句1）引导时间状语从句的连词有：when, as, while, after, before, since, till（until）, once, whenever, no soonerthan, hardlywhen, as soon as, the moment, immediately, every time, the first time, by

3、the time, etc. 【例句】When my mother came in, I was going over my lessons.Dont speak while you are eating.We discussed his suggestion as we went along. Please come to my office as soon as the class is over. 2）when的用法：【例句】The fire was put out when they came.I hope youll think of my words when you drive

4、on the busy roads. Turn off the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine. Why do you want a new job when youve got such a good one already?He walks when he might ride.We have only three chairs when we need five. I was about to go to bed when the phone rang a second time.状元典例1Its known to all

5、 that _ you take exercise regularly will you keep good health.A. unless B. only when C. although D. if only 答案：B思路分析：注意倒装结构。状元典例2How can you expect to learn anything _ you never listen？A. in caseB. even ifC. unlessD. when答案：D思路分析：由下文语意可知，空白处应表示“既然”之意，四个选项中只有when可表达此意。 3）while的用法： 【例句】Please be quiet

6、 while I am talking to you.While I understand what you say, I cant agree with you.He is strong while his brother is weak.状元典例1Mary made coffee _ her guests were finishing their meal.A. so that B. although C. while D. as if 答案：C思路分析：句意：当客人们将要结束用餐的时候，Mary煮咖啡。so that译为“以便”,表示目的，although译为“尽管，虽然”，as if译

7、为“好像”，while译为“当的时候”，因此while符合句意，选择C。状元典例2Id like to study law at university _ my sister prefers geography. A. though B. as C. while D. for 答案：C思路分析：连词while表示转折，意思是“而，可是”。状元典例3_ I really dont like art, I find his work impressive. A. As B. Since C. If D. While答案：D思路分析：while引导让步状语从句，译为“尽管”；as虽可引导让步状语从句

8、，但从句须倒装。4）when, while和as： when, while和as都可译为“当的时候”，表示主句中的动作和从句中的动作同时发生。但while从句中的谓语动词通常是持续性动词，而when, as从句中的谓语动词既可是持续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。as还可译为“随着”，表示事态或状况的变化或发展过程。【例句】As the years went by, his hair turned grey. Just as he was leaving his house, the telephone rang. The thief was caught as/ when he was steal

9、ing in the supermarket. He looked behind from time to time as he went.状元典例Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? A. As B. While C. Because D. If 答案：B思路分析：because引导原因状语从句，if引导条件状语从句，不符合题意。while和as都能引导时间状语从句，as一般强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词动作的同时性，而while除可表示同时性外，还可表示一个动作在另一个动作正在进行或持

10、续过程中的某一时刻发生。再结合句子的意思，就可知道B为最佳答案。5）until和till两词可替换，但until语气比较强，可置于句首。【例句】Wait till/until he comes. Dont leave until he comes. He didnt fall asleep until his mother came back.状元典例1“You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. A. because B. si

11、nce C. when D. until答案：D思路分析：not.until意为“直到才”。状元典例2A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until答案：D思路分析：hold his listeners curiosity意思是“抓住听众的好奇心”，所以后面应是“直到故事结尾”的意思。6）since（自从）的用法【例句】I have lived in Beijing sinc

12、e I left Shanghai.I have returned to Shanghai twice since I left there.He has telephoned me frequently since he was ill. It has been a year since I worked here. It is/has been a long time since he was ill. It is/has been a long time since we parted. 状元典例As is reported, it is 100 years _ Qinghua Univ

13、ersity was founded.A. when B. before C. after D. since答案：D思路分析：句意为“清华大学建校已有百年”，since“自从到现在”，when时间点不对，before前的时态不对，语意也不完整。“从时到现在有多久了”，我们用it isyears since的句型来表达。7）before除译为“在之前”外，还可译为“还未就”, “不到就”， “才”， “趁着还没就”， “还没来得及就”等。【例句】Please write it down before you forget it. Before I could get in a word, he

14、had measured me. It wont be long before we meet again. It was some time before I realized the importance of it. It was five hours before I finished the work. 比较：It is three years since I smoked a cigar. It is three years since I began to smoke. （have smoked） 状元典例1He asked me just to sit down and dri

15、nk some water _ I could say anything about my travel plan. A. while B. when C. if D. before答案：D思路分析：本句中before可译为“还没来得及就”。状元典例2He was told that it would be at least three more months _he could recover and return to work. A. when B. before C. since D. that答案：B思路分析：“It is/was/will be一段时间before”译为“多长时间之

16、后才”。8）by the time的用法 【例句】By the time he gets there, his father has already gone.By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.By the time he left school, he had already learned 5,000 words.By the time he graduates, he will have learned 5,000 words.状元典例By the time Jack returned home from England, his s

17、on from college.A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated答案：D思路分析：考查动词时态，“by the time +过去时”表示“截止到过去某时间为止做了某事”，主句用过去完成时。句意为“截止到Jack从英国返家，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。”9）当表达“一就”之意时，可用as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute等引出状语从句，还可用no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.等句

18、型。【例句】The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.状元典例1Just use this room for the time being, and well offer you a larger one _ it becomes available.A. as soon as B. unless

19、 C. as far as D. until 答案：A思路分析：句意为“仅暂时使用此房间，大点的房间一旦可以正常使用，我们马上提供给你。”状元典例2The passengers were sent to the nearest hospital _the accident happened. A. shortly B. nearly C. instantly D. almost 答案：C思路分析：英语中有几个单词属于副词词形，但是可以用作连词来引导句子，如：immediately, directly, presently等。通常译为“一就”。例如：I shall come immediatel

20、y Ive finished supper.10）短语every time, the first time, any time等也可引导时间状语从句。【例句】Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out. 状元典例_ I met her, she was cutting grass by the river. A. For the first time B. The first time C. At the first time D. On the first time答案：B思路分析：the first time

21、能够引导时间状语从句。2. 引导地点状语从句的连词有：where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere。【例句】You had better put the book back where you took it.Wherever you go, I go too.You can go anywhere you like. Everywhere they went, they were kindly received.状元典例1If you are traveling _ the customs are really foreign to your

22、own, please do as the Romans do. A. in which B. what C. when D. where答案：D思路分析：where引导地点状语从句，容易受定语从句影响而误选in which。状元典例2In peace, too, the Red Cross is expected to send help_ there is human suffering.A. whoeverB. howeverC. whateverD. wherever答案：D思路分析：此题考查“疑问句+ever”的用法。句意：在和平时期也一样，凡有痛苦的地方，人们都期望得到红十字会的援

23、助。由句意可知答案为wherever。3. 引导原因状语从句的连词有：because, since, as, now that, not thatbut that, for the reason that, in that等。【例句】He did not come to school today because he was ill.Since you are here, you had better stay.Now that you are all here, lets begin the meeting.The woman felt a bit worried, not that she

24、 had been out too long, but that her children were waiting for her at home. It was because he was ill that he didnt keep on working.注意：for 引导一个句子表示原因，在语法上不属于原因状语从句，而属于并列句，for在句中是并列连词，表示对前句内容进行补充说明。另外，原因状语从句不能与表示结果的并列连词so连用。【例句】You had better put on your coat, for it is rather cold outside.As the wea

25、ther was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. It was hot, so he turned on the electric fan.状元典例1 Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _ this was a memory she especially treasured. A. as B. if C. when D. where 答案：A思路分析：as 在此处引导状语从句，表原因。状元典例2 The old man asked Lucy

26、 to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A. although B. unless C. because D. if答案：C思路分析：句意：老人叫露丝挪到另一把椅子上，因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。空格前后的两个句子在逻辑意义上存在因果关系，所以用because引导原因状语从句。although引导让步状语从句，unless和if引导条件状语从句。 二、难点聚焦1. till/ until用于强调句和倒装句【例句】It was not until it was dark that he came back.Not u

27、ntil you had explained how did I manage to do it.状元典例In order to prepare for the college entrance examination, it was _. A. not until midnight did he go to bed B. until midnight that he didnt go to bed C. not until midnight that he went to bed D. until midnight when he didnt go to bed答案：C思路分析：notunt

28、il句型的强调句中应为not until连用，所以B、D不对，这个句型的强调句和倒装句不同时使用，所以A不对。2. 时间和条件状语从句中，主句用将来时时，从句用现在时表将来。状元典例If their marketing plans succeed, they_their sales by 20 percent. A. will increase B. have been increasing C. have increased D. would be increasing答案：A思路分析：主句用将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来。3. 区别where引导的从句【例句】Just stay w

29、here you are and dont move.Just stay in the place where you are and dont move. Is this museum where you paid a visit a few days ago? He asked me a question where she had gone. 状元典例Where did you meet her?It was in the hotel_ we stayed. A. thatB. thereC. whichD. where答案：D思路分析：根据题意，where在句中引导定语从句，并在从句中

30、作地点状语。三、状元笔记1. No sooner.than., Hardly/Scarcely.when.中的时态；not until用于倒装2. the first time 与 for the first time的区别3. when, while, as的多种语义及用法4. 时间状语从句中的时态对应问题1. _ I admit his good points，I still feel it unwise to offer him this important position. A. While B. Unless C. When D. As答案：A思路分析：while在本句中表示“尽管

31、，虽然”。2. John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since答案：C思路分析：It will（not）be+时间段+before引导的状语从句，意思是：过多久才，不久就，所以选C。3. Today, we will begin _we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A. when B. where C. how D. what答案：B思路分析：句意：今天，我们从昨天结束的地方开始，这

32、样我们就不会遗漏要点了。where 引导地点状语从句。4. The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friends rushed out to greet her.A. before B. until C. as D. since答案：A思路分析：根据rung the bell和the door was opened发生的先后顺序，可以得出答案。句意：女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上来欢迎她。5. _when has the country been open to

33、international trade?1978, I suppose.A. SinceB. InC. FromD. After答案：A思路分析：句子时态为现在完成时，when相当于下文的1978，只有“since+过去某一时间点”，句子才用现在完成时，故选A项。6. Jasmine was holidaying with her family in a wildlife park_she was bitten on the leg by a lion.A. whenB. whileC. sinceD. once答案：A思路分析：when=and at that time。这是个并列句。7.

34、You can eat food free in my restaurant you like.A. wheneverB. whereverC. whateverD. however答案：A思路分析：本题考查的是“疑问词+ever”引导的让步状语从句，根据句意应选whenever。此题容易误选whatever，whatever相当于anything that，所以主句当中的food与anything重复了，不能选C。8. Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes. He had never praised him

35、 _ he became one of the top students in the grade.A. after B. unless C. until D. when答案：C思路分析：答语句意：直到他成为全年级最优秀的学生，他父亲才表扬他。notuntil直到才。如果要表达“除非他成为全年级最优秀的学生，否则他父亲就不表扬他”，had never praised没必要用过去完成时。 （答题时间45分钟）一、单项选择1. Youd better not leave the medicine _ kids can get at it. A. even ifB. whichC. whereD.

36、so that 2. _unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until3. You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.A. before B. if C. while D. as*4. Did you return Freds call? I didnt need to _ Ill see

37、 him tomorrow. A. though B. unless C. when D. because*5. Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after*6. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _ she visited her friends in Sydney last year. A. that B. which C. when D. where*7. Wheres

38、that report?I brought it to youyou were in Mr. Blacks office yesterday.A. ifB. whenC. becauseD. before8. The American Civil War lasted four yearsthe North won in the end. A. after B. whenC. beforeD. then*9. We were told that we should follow the main road_we reached the central railway station.A. wh

39、eneverB. untilC. whileD. wherever10. _ volleyball is her main focus, shes also great at basketball.A. Since B. Once C. Unless D. While11. If a lot of people say a film is not good, I wont bother to see it, or Ill wait _ it comes out on DVD. A. whether B. after C. though D. until12. Please call my se

40、cretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon, or _ it is convenient to you. A. whenever B. however C. whichever D. wherever13. One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away _ my daughter heard cries for help.A. after B. while C. since D. when14. It was April 29, 2010 _ Prince William and Ka

41、te Middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony. A. that B. when C. since D .before15. He had no sooner finished his speech _ the students started cheering.A. since B. as C. when D. than16. _ all of them are strong candidates, only one will be chosen for the post.A. Since B. While C

42、. If D. As*17. Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break_ she got to her office A. since B. that C. when D. until*18. She had just finished her homework _ her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since二、完形填空 DavidYears ago, wh

43、en I was working at a childrens institution, a boy 1 up in the waiting room. It was David. He had 2 his parents. He was very sad 3 to talk to others.The first two times we met, David didnt say a word. He sat in the chair and only 4 up at the childrens drawings on the wall. As he was about to leave 5

44、 the second visit, I put my hand on his 6 .He didnt shrink（退缩）back, but he didnt look at me either.“Come back next week,” I hesitated a bit.He came, and I suggested we play a game of chess. He 7 . After that we played 8 every time, in complete 9 and without making any eye contact. Its not 10 to chea

45、t in chess, but I admit that I made sure David won 11 .It seemed as if he enjoyed my 12 . But why did he never look at me？Perhaps he sensed that I respected his suffering. I kept wondering and 13 with him, until some months later, 14 , he looked up at me. “Its your turn,” he said.After that day, David started 15 . He got friends in school. He wrote me a few 16 about how he would try to get into university. After some time, the letters 17 . Now he had really started to live his own life.I learned how 18 cures pain. And David showed me how o