12月六级真题(第1套)

1、 新题型 2015年12月六级真题(第1套) Part Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. 注意：

2、此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Part Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must

3、choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 1. A) He shares some of the household duties. C) H

4、e cooks dinner for the family occasionally. B) He often goes back home late for dinner. D) He dines out from time to time with friends. 2. A) To take him to dinner. C) To discuss an urgent problem. B) To talk about a budget plan. D) To pass on an important message. 3. A) Foreign investors are losing

5、 confidence in India's economy. B) Many multinational enterprises are withdrawing from India. C) There are wild fluctuations in the international money market. D) There is a sharp increase in India's balance of payment deficit. 4. A) Carrying out forward exchange cover. C) Selling Indian Rup

6、ees. B) Signing a contract. D) Taking a wait-and-see approach. Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 5. A) They have unrealistic expectations about the other half. B) They may not be prepared for a lifelong relationship. C) They form a more realistic picture of life. D)

7、 They try to adapt to their changing roles. 6. A) He is lucky to have visited many exotic places. B) He is able to forget all the troubles in his life. C) He is able to meet many interesting people. D) He is lucky to be able to do what he loves. 7. A) It is stressful. B) It is full of fun. C) It is

8、all glamour. D) It is challenging. 8. A) Bothered. B) Amazed. C) Puzzled. D) Excited. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, y

9、ou must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Passage One Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard. 9. A) Maintain the traditional org

10、anizational culture. B) Learn new ways of relating and working together. C) Follow closely the fast development of technology. D) Learn to be respectful in a hierarchical organization. 10. A) How the team integrates with what it is supposed to serve. B) How the team is built to keep improving its pe

11、rformance. C) What type of personnel the team should be composed of. D) What qualifications team members should be equipped with. 11. A) A team manager must set very clear and high objectives. B) Teams must consist of members from different cultures. C) Team members should be knowledgeable and creat

12、ive. D) A team manager should develop a certain set of skills. Passage Two Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard. 12. A) Prestige advertising. C) Word-of-mouth advertising. B) Institutional advertising. D) Distributing free trial products. 13. A) To sell a particular produc

13、t. C) To promote a specific service. B) To build up their reputation. D) To attract high-end consumers. 14. A) By using the services of large advertising agencies. B) By hiring their own professional advertising staff. C) By buying media space in leading newspapers. D) By creating their own ads and

14、commercials. 15. A) Decide on what specific means of communication to employ. B) Conduct a large-scale survey on customer needs. C) Specify the objectives of the campaign in detail. D) Pre-test alternative ads or commercials in certain regions. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear re

15、cordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. 注意

16、：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 18. 16. A) It is newly introduced to the world. C) It is only a platform for demonstration. B) It was created by Japanese researchers. D) It is affordable for ordinary families. 17. A) It performs simple tasks. C) It d

17、iagnoses their diseases. B) It communicates with them. D) It reminds them of things. 18. A) It is available for purchase. C) It may be sold at $500-$5000. B) It is still under experiment. D) It is already in common use. Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 19 to 21. 19. A) It w

18、as published after her death. C) It won her the Pulitzer Prize. B) It was her first novel. D) It was a collection of poems. 20. A) He didn't like her daughter very much. C) He played a domestic role in the family. B) He was a professor of Physics at college. D) He left the family a big fortune w

19、hen he died. 21. A) Because she got very bad grades. C) Because she had too high expectations. B) Because the boys didn't like her. D) Because she didn't get a scholarship. Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 22 to 25. 22. A) Lead all the bees. C) Look for food. B) Wat

20、ch out for enemies. D) Collect food. 23. A) It won him the Nobel Prize. C) It was proved incorrect recently. B) It was accepted by all scientists. D) It showed bees dance to indicate danger. 24. A) The direction of the food. C) The amount of the food. B) The type of the food. D) The distance of the

21、food. 25. A) Fly away from the sun. C) Fly to the south. B) Fly towards the sun. D) Fly to the north. Part Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in

22、a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the ban

23、k more than once. Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage. As it is, sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor. Plus, we live in a culture that 26 to the late-nighter, from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close. It'

24、;s no surprise, then, that more than half of American adults don't get the 7 to 9 hours of shut-eye every night as 27 by sleep experts. Whether or not we can catch up on sleep-on the weekend, say-is a hotly 28 topic among sleep researchers. The latest evidence suggests that while it isn't 29

25、 , it might help. When Liu, the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine, brought 30 sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10 hours per night, they showed 31 in the ability of insulin (胰岛素) to process blood sugar. That suggests that catch-u

26、p sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep 32 causes, which is encouraging given how many adults don't get the hours they need each night. Still, Liu isn't 33 to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later. Sleeping pills, while helpful for some, are not 34

27、an effective remedy either. "A sleeping pill will 35 one area of the brain, but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill, because you couldn't really replicate (复制) the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of s

28、leep," says Dr. Nancy Collop, director of the Emory University Sleep Center. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 A) alternatively E) deprivation I) negotiated M) recommended B) caters F) ideal J) pierce N) surpasses C) chronically G) improvements K) presumption O) target D) debated H) necessarily L) ready Secti

29、on B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked

30、with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Climate change may be real, but it's still not easy being green How do we convince our inner caveman to be greener? We ask some outstanding social scientists. A The road to climate hell is paved with our g

31、ood intentions. Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions. But the most pervasive problem is less obvious: our own behaviour. We get distracted before we can turn down the heating. We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbour's trip to I

32、ndia. Ultimately, we can't be bothered to change our attitude. Fortunately for the planet, social science and behavioural economics may be able to do that for us. B Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring, most people find it hard to believe that global warming w

33、ill affect them personally. Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington, DC, found that 75-80 per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue. But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities. C This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness.

34、"When we can't actually remove the source of our fear, we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms," says Tom Crompton, change strategist for the environmental organisation World Wide Fund for Nature. D Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman. Evolu

35、tion has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact. "We worry most about now because if we don't survive for the next minute, we're not going to be around in ten years' time," says Professor Elke Weber of the Centre for Research on Env

36、ironmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York. If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben, Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly. But in practice, our brain discounts the risks - and benefits - associated with issues that lie some way ahead. E Matthew Rnshworth,

37、 of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day. "One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future," he says. "This is

38、a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years." F Not any longer. By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate change, it could well be too late. And if we're not going to make rational decisions a

39、bout the future, others may have to help us to do so. G Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth and Happiness, by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein. They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions-such as saving more in

40、 our pension plans-by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of similar tactics. If, for example, building codes included green construction guidelines, most developers would be too lazy to challenge them. H Defaults are certainly part of the so

41、lution. But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality (心态). "We need to understand what motivates people, what it is that allows them to make change," says Professor Nell Adger, of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich

42、. "It is actually about what their peers think of them, what their social norms are, what is seen as desirable in society." In other words, our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to. I The passive attitude we have to climate chan

43、ge as individuals can be altered by counting us in-and measuring us against-our peer group. "Social norms are primitive and elemental," says Dr. Robert Cialdini, author of Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion. "Birds flock together, fish school together, cattle herd together. ., ju

44、st perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behaviour in the direction of the crowd." J These norms can take us beyond good intentions. Cialdini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people's doors. Some of t

45、he messages mentioned the environment, some financial savings, others social responsibility. But it was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use. K Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use with the local average i

46、s enough to cause them to modify their behaviour. The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage on people's bills. L Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for serf-destructive b

47、ehaviour. Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly (不经意地) imply that this behaviour is widespread and thus permissible. Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message. "Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour, the message needs to marginalise

48、 it, for example, by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV, it reduces our ability to be energy-independent." M Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial. The most successful environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own sense of identity. Take your av

49、erage trade union member, chances are they will be politically motivated and be used to collective action-much like Erica Gregory. A retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union, she is setting up one of 1,100 action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity, a two-year environment

50、al campaign aimed at trade unionists. N Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the psychology right-in this case, by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organising groups. "I think it's a terrific idea," she says o

51、f the campaign. "The union backing it makes members think there must be something in it." She is expecting up to 20 people at the first meeting she has called, at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro. O Nick Perks, project director for Climate Solidarity, believes this sort of

52、activity is where the future of environmental action lies. "Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change., and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK," he says. The "Love Food, Hate Waste" c

53、ampaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network-the Women's Institute. Londoner Rachel Taylor joined the campaign with the aim of making new friends. A year on, the meetings have made lasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen. "It's always more of a

54、n incentive if you're doing it with other people," she says. "It motivates you more if you know that you've got to provide feedback to a group." P The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across the political establishment. In the

55、US, the House of Representatives Science Committee has approved a bill allocating $10 million a year to studying energy-related behaviour. In the UK, new studies are in development and social scientists are regularly spotted in British government offices. With the help of psychologists, there is fre

56、sh hope that he might go green after all. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 36. When people find they are powerless to change a situation, they tend to live with it. 37. To be effective, environmental messages should be carefully framed. 38. It is the government's responsibility to persuade people into making

57、environment-friendly decisions. 39. Politicians are beginning to realize the importance of enlisting psychologists' help in fighting climate change. 40. To find effective solutions to climate change, it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change. 41. In their evolution, huma

58、ns have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long- term concerns. 42. One study shows that our neighbours' actions are influential in changing our behaviour. 43. Despite clear signs of global warming, it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will affect their own lives. 44. We should take our future into consideration i