职称英语考试卫生类A级新增文章阅读理解

1、阅读理解who want to live forever?if your doctor could give you a drug that would let you live a healthy life for twice as long ，would you take it?the good news is that we may be drawing near to that date，scientists have already extended the lives of flies ，worms and mice in laboratories. many now think

2、that using genetic treatments we will soon be able to extend human life to at least 140 years. this seems a great idea. think of how much more time we could spend chasing our dreams，spending time with our loved ones，watching our families grow and have families of their own."longer life would gi

3、ve us a chance to recover from our mistakes and promote long term thinking," says dr gregory stock of the university of california school of public health. "it would also raise productivity by adding to the year we can work."longer lives don't just affect the people who live them.

4、 they also affect society as a whole. "we have war，poverty，all sorts of issues around，and i don't think any of them would be at all helped by having people live longer," says us bioethicist daniel callahan."the question is 'what will we get as a society? 'i suspect it won&

5、#39;t be a better society."it would certainly be a very different society. people are already finding it more difficult to stay married. divorce rates are rising. what would happen to marriage in a society where people lived for 140 years? and what would happen to family life if nine or 10 gene

6、rations of the same family were all alive at the same time?research into ageing may enable women to remain fertile for longer. and that raises the prospect of having 100-year-old parents，or brothers and sisters born 50 years apart. we think of an elder sibling as someone who can protect us and offer

7、 help and advice. that would be hard to do if that sibling came from a completely different generation.working life would also be affected，especially if the retirement age was lifted. more people would stay in work for longer. that would give us the benefits of age-skill，wisdom and good judgment.on

8、the other hand，more people working for longer would create greater competition for jobs. it would make it more difficult for younger people to find a job. top posts would be dominated by the same few individuals，making career progress more difficult. and how easily would a 25-year-old employee be ab

9、le to communicate with a 125-year-old boss?young people would be a smaller part of a society in which people lived to 140. it may be that such a society would place less importance on guiding and educating young people，and more on making life comfortable for the old.and society would feel very diffe

10、rent if more of its members were older. there would be more wisdom，but less energy. young people like to move about. old people like to sit still. young people tend to act without thinking. old people tend to think without acting. young people are curious and like to experience different things. old

11、 people are less enthusiastic about change. in fact ，they are less enthusiastic about everything.the effect of anti-ageing technology is deeper than we might think. but as the science advances，we need to think about these changes now. " if this could ever happen，then we'd better ask what ki

12、nd of society we want to get，" says daniel callahan. "we had better not go anywhere near it until we have figure those problems out."词汇:mice / mais / n. 老鼠(复数)sibling / 'sibli? / n. 兄弟姐妹bioethicist / n. 生物伦理学家注释:1. brothers and sisters born 50 years apart 出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹2. we had b

13、etter not go anywhere near it 我们最好离它远点，这里的it指代前面讲的 anti-ageing technology.练习:1.  which of the following is not mentioned as one of the things that living longer might enable an individual to do?a spending  more time with his family.b having  more education.c realizing m

14、ore dreams.d working longer.2.  which of the following is implied in the sixth paragraph?amarriages in the us today are quite unstable.bmore and more people in the us today want to get married.cliving longer would make it easier for people to maintain their marital ties.dif people live lon

15、ger ，they would stay in marriage longer.3.  all of the following are possible effects living longer might have on working life exceptacommunication between employers and employees would be more difficult.bmore money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.cthe job market w

16、ould be more competitive.dit would be more difficult for young people to be promoted to top positions.4.  an important feature of a society in which people live a long life is thatait places more emphasis on educating the young.bit is both wise and energetic.cit lacks the curiosity to expe

17、riment what is new.dit welcomes changes.5. which of the following best describes callahan 's attitude to anti-ageing technology ?aoptimistic.bpessimistic.creserved.dnegative.答案与题解：1. b    长寿使个人能做的事主要在第三、四段里讲到，作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教育。2.  a        本题答案以下面的这两句话为依

18、据:people  are already finding  it more difficult  to stay married.  divorce rates are rising.  暗示美国人目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱。3.  b         文章的第九段讲了寿命延长、退休推迟可能带来的种种问题，但作者没有提到雇佣者需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。4.  c   答案可以在第十、十一这两

19、段里找到。5.  c    本题的答案依据可以在最后一段里找到。callahan 认为在搞清楚长寿社会会给我们带来哪些问题之前，最好不要急着搞抗衰老的技术。可见他对抗衰老技术的发展是有保留的。some people do not taste salt like otherslow-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others，according to a study by a penn state college of agricultural sciences food sci

20、entist. the research indicates that genetic factors inf1uence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.those conclusions are important because recent ，well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not ta

21、ste as good to them as it does to others，pointed out john hayes，assistant professor of food science ，who was lead investigator on the study.diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. that is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to

22、 help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. this study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.the research involved 87carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips，on multiple occasions ，spread out over weeks. test s

23、ubjects were 45 men and 42 women ，reportedly healthy ，ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. the sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. they rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale，ranging from barel

24、y detectable to strongest sensation of any kind."most of us like the taste of salt. however，some individuals eat more salt ，both because they like the taste of saltiness more ，and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food. "said hayes. "supertasters，people who

25、 experience tastes more intensely ，consume more salt than do nontasters. snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor ，and at least for these foods， more is better ，so the supertasters seem to like them more. "however ，supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitte

26、r tastes in foods such as cheese ，hayes noted. "for example ，cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk ，but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt ," he said. "a supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronou

27、nced."hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named fox and a geneticist named blakeslee ，showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. as a result ，hayes explained ，we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists ，and this variation is as n

28、ormal as variations in eye and hair color."some people ，called supertasters，describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter ，while others ，called nontasters，find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter. "he said. "response to bitter compounds is one of ma

29、ny ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness. "词汇:publicize / 'p?blisaiz / v. 引起公众对的注 意;(用广告)宣传dietary / 'dai?teri / adj. 饮食的;规定食物的ferment / 'f?:ment / v. (使)发酵geneticist / d?i'netisist / n. 遗传学家acuity / ?'kj

30、u:iti / n. 敏锐;尖锐注释:1. penn state college of agricultural sciences: 即 penn state university-college of agricultural sciences 宾州州立大学农学院。penn 是 pennsylvania 的缩写，是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。宾州州立大学建于1855年，在全国共有 24 个分校。在句中，penn state college of agricultural sciences 用作定语，修饰 food scientist。2. well-publicized efforts to re

31、duce the salt content in food:有关减少食物含盐量的大力宣传的做法.3. left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others:使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。fare 相当于 food。4. lead investigator:研发项目负责人5. carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods as soup and ch

32、ips，on multiple occasion ，spread out over weeks:经过仔细筛选的实验参与者，他们在几周内的不同时间 里品尝加了盐的食物，如汤和薯条。6. too pronounced:此处 pronounced 为形容词，意为 very noticeable ，conspicuous(明显的，显著的)。7. supertasting： 超重味感练习:1. in paragraph 2 ，john hayes points out thata    it is good to health to eat food without salt.b&#

33、160;   many people reject low-salt food completely.c    many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantlyd    food with reduced salt tastes better.2.  the fourth paragraph describes brieflya.  how to select subjects and what to do in the research.b. 

34、  how to identify supertasters and nontasters.c.   why to limit the number of subjects to 87 persons.d.   why to select more male subjects than female ones.3.  the article argues that supertastersa   like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.b 

35、  like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.c   consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.d   like to share salty cheese with nontasters.4.  which of the following applies to supertasters in terms of bitter taste?a  they like b

36、itterness in foods as well as saltiness.b  they like high-salt cheese as it has intense bitter taste.c  they prefer high-salt cheese，which tastes less bitter.d  they prefer high-salt cheese as it is good to health.5.  what message do the last two paragraphs ca

37、rry?a.  taste acuity is genetically determined.b.  taste acuity is developed over time after birth.c   taste acuity is related to one's eye and hair color.d   taste acuity is still a mysterious subject in science.答案与题解:1. c   根据短文的第二段内容，很多人因

38、为食物中的含盐量降低，所以必须做出很大努力 ( struggling) 去适应，而低盐食物对于他们来说，口味很不好(fare that simply does not taste good to them) 。选项c有 accept reluctantly (勉强接受)表达了这层意思，所以是正确的选择。a 、b 、d 三个选项均是错误的。2.  a    第四段介绍了科学家是如何设计这项研究的，它包含了研究对象的人数、性别、人选条件、咸度味感分级表等。选项 a 概括了这方面的内容，所以是答案。而选项 b 、c、d 所述内 容均不符合该段的意思。3.

39、60; b         短文的第五段提供了答案。supertaster 在这里的意思是:口味重的人，在本文中，nontaster是其反义词，即，口味清谈的人。该段告诉我们，口味重的人消耗更多的盐;因为快餐食品的主要味道就是咸味，而且咸度越高，口味越好，所以口味重的人对快餐较为偏爱。选项b表达了上述内容，所以是答案。4.  c 短文第六段提供了答案。该段告诉我们，奶醋发酵会产生苦味，supertasters 不喜欢苦味，而高含盐量可以盖住奶酷里的苦睐，这是他们偏爱高盐奶酷的原因。所以，只有c是正确选择。

40、5.  a文章第七段中，hayes引用了75年前一位遗传学专家的实验。从这项实验中，hayes 得出的结论是，taste acuity( 味觉敏度)上的差异与他们头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异是同一类现象，也就是说，都是与生俱来的。第八段又说，这是一种 biological difference (生物差异)，所以 a 是答案。b 说味觉敏'度是后天形成的，显然与作者的结论相左。c 说味觉敏度的差异与头发和眼睛的颜色上的差异有关，显然是错误的。d 的内容在最后两段都没有提到，所以不会是答案。完型填空dreamseveryone can dreamindeed, every

41、one does dreamthose who 1 that they never dream at all actually dream 2 as frequently as the rest of us, 3 they may not remember anything about iteven those of us who are perfectly 4 of dreaming night 5 night very seldom remember those dreams in 6 detail but merely retain an untidy mixture of seemin

42、gly unrelated impressions. dreams are not simply visual-we dream with all our 7 , so that we appear to experience sound, touch, smell, and tasteone of the world's oldest 8 written documents is the egyptian book of dreamsthis volume is about five thousand years old, so you can 9 that dreams were

43、believed to have a special significance even thenmany ancient civilizations believed that you 10 never ask a sleeping person as, during sleep, the soul had left the body and might not be able to return 11 time if the sleeper were suddenly 12 .from ancient times to the present 13 ,people have been 14

44、 attempts to interpret dreams and to explain their significancethere are many books available on the subject of dream interpretationalthough unfortunately there are almost as many meanings for a particular dream 15 there are books词汇：frequently / 'fri:kwntli/ adv. 时常，屡次；频繁地，经常地significance/ signi

45、ficance / n. 重要性，意义 civilization / ,sivilai'zein, / n. 文明，文化interpret / in't:prit / vt. 解释，说明 口译interpretation / in,t:pri'tein / n. 解释，口译seldom/ 'seldm / adv. 很少，不常retain/ ri'tein / vt. 保持；雇；记住 注释:1. . . . very seldom remember those dreams in detail but merely retain an untidy mi

46、xture. . but. 不而是2. from ancient times to the present.从古至今练习：1.a demand b promise c agree d claim2.a also b just c only d quite3.a though b besides c however d despite4.a familiar b accustomed c aware d used5.a after b on c through d over6.a great b high c strong d deep7.a feelings b emotions c impr

47、essions d senses8.a considered b known c regarded d stimated9.a see b feel c ensure d think10.a would b ought c should d need11.a by b in c with d for12.a awoke b awoken c awake d awaken13.a minute b hour c moment d day14.a doing b putting c making d taking15.a as b like c so d such答案与题解:1. d 这里是一个复

48、合从句，缺的部分是带后边宾语从句的一个谓语成分。根据后边宾语从句的内容"never dream at all " ，可以判断此处应该是 claim ，声称。demand ，promise ，agree 都有后边的语义不符。-2. bas frequently as 已经表达了"同样"的意思，所以 also 不符合这一空。quite 不能用来修饰 as. . . as 这样的词组，而根据上下午的语境，这里应该是"刚好，恰恰”所以最佳答案是just 。3. a 根据上下文的语-境，可以判断出这一空所衔接的前后两个句子有转折的关系，而且后一 句为条件

49、，despite 与 though 都可以表示."虽然，尽管"的意思，但是 despite 是做介词是才有"虽然，尽管"的意思，此处缺的是一个连接词，所以只能用 though. .4. c 这四个选项中，只有 aware 可以与 of 搭配，策示"意识到'，accustomed 通常与 to 搭配，表示习惯于，同样 used to 也表示习惯于。而 familiar 通常与 with 搭配，表示"对熟悉"。 从语义与搭配两个层面来看，最合适的都是 aware.5. a night after night"

50、一夜又一夜"，固定搭配。同样的结构还有 year after year ，day after day，week after week。相似的结构有 day by day ，"逐日，一天天"year by year ，"逐年，一年年.6. a 此处是在 in detail 这一表达当中增加了一个形容词，来表示细致的程度。high 表示高度的变化，strong 是强度，deep 是深度，用来表示细致都不合适。所以应该用 great ，in great detail ，表示细致入微，描述得淋漓尽致。7. d从前边的 visual ，以及后边的 sound ，t

51、ouch ，smell ，taste 这些可以看出，这里指的是人所有的各种感官的感觉。感官叫做 sense organ ，所以这种种的感觉通常都用 sense 来表示。8. b 根据上下文，可以发现此处是在描述一个事实。因此首先排除 estimated"估计"，而这 本最古老的书是已经被认定过7的，所以 regard ，consider 都不合适，因此，最佳答案应该是 known ，目前所知的。9. a 此处是通过从前文所描述的这样一个事实，可以让我们认识到这个空后边所表达的内容。因此不是 feel ，think. 也不是让我们确认，而只是发现，所以也不是 ensured

52、，而应该是see。10. c 根据上下文的语境，可以判断出此处表达的是不能，不应叫醒睡梦中的人。首先排除 need ，另外 ought 通常跟 to 一块使用，所以也不可能。而 would 更 should 两者相比，后者的 程度更深，更符合这个语境。11. b 此处应该是及时的意思，in time ，固定搭配。12. b 此处考察的是被动语态，与动词 awake 的变形。这里是被叫醒，所以 a 和 c 都排除了， 表示被动态而且形式又正确的应该是 b awoken.13. d 这里表达的是从古到今的意思，通常都用笼统一些的概念，minute ，moment 表示的比较具体。所以用 day 比

53、较合适。14. c 此处所表达的是人类一直在尝试，"尝试，试图"通常直接用 attempt to，或者用 make attempts to ，固定搭配。15. aas. . as 句式，这里所表达的前后一样是指书的数目，与书中对梦解释的数目的一致性。a health profilea health profile is a portrait of all of the factors that influence your healthto draw your health profile，you will 1 what diseases run in your famil

54、y，what health hazards you may be exposed to 2 work,ow your daily 3 compares to the recommended standards，how nluch time per week you 4 exercising and what type of exercise you engage 5 ,how stressful your work and family environments are，what kinds of illnesses you get regularly,and 6 or not you hav

55、e any one of a number of addictions. 7 this portrait,you should have a checkup to determine how your blood，heart， and lungs are functioning.this checkup will serve 8 a baseline,to which you can then compare later tests9 this profile is thoroughly drawn，you can begin to think about setting health pri

56、orities based 10 your particular portraitfor example，if you drink two martinis every evening,have a high-stress 11 ,are overweight，smoke a pack of cigarettes a day,and use marijuana occasionally on weekends， you should quit smoking first，followed 12 losing the excess weight，reducing the stress of yo

57、ur job，giving up your marihuana habit，and then finally giveing some 13 to those martinis if you want to prevent first cancer，and then heart disease even for the youthful working person who has never been sick a day in his life,who is 14 excellent healtha good look at all health habits and at work and home environments may suggest changes that will 15 him in the future练习：1.a know b have known c need know d need to know2.a with b in c on d at3.a diet b meals c food d dinner4.a use b d