初中定语从句和宾语从句(共6页)

1、定语从句定语从句是在主从复合句中修饰某个名词或代词句子，它在句中作定语。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词(也叫关系词)。如I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. 我认识那个正坐在树下的女孩。 引导词 先行词 从句 (定语从句) This is the most interesting book that he has ever read. 这是他所读过的书中最有趣的一本。 引导词 先行词 从句 (定语从句) 考点1：先行词是人时引导词的选用 (1). 先行词是人，引导词后紧跟动词时用who或that. 如： He

2、re comes the man who (that) wants to see you. 想见你的那个人来了。(先行词是the man, 引导词后紧跟动词wants, 故引导词用who / that) (2). 先行词是人，引导词后紧跟的不是动词时要用who, whom, that. 如： This is the person whom (who, that) you are looking for. 这正是你要找的人。(先行词是the person, 引导词后紧跟的是you, 不是动词, 故引导词可用who / whom / that) 考点2：先行词是物时引导词的选用 (1).先行词是物

3、时，一般情况下引导词可以用which或that. 如： Mary like music that (which) is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢安静柔和的音乐。(先行词是music, 引导词可用which / that) The film which(that) we saw last night was very interesting.我们昨晚看的电影非常有趣。(先行词是film, 引导词可用which / that) (2).以下情况，引导词只能用that, 不能用which. . 当先行词是不定代词(anything, everything, nothing, som

4、ething, few, all, little等)时，引导词只用that。Have you written down everything that Mr. Lin has said? 你写下林先生所说的每样东西了吗？All that can be done has been done.能做的所有事情都己经做了。There is little that I can do for you. 我能为你做的事几乎没有了。 . 当先行词由以下词修饰时，引导词只用that. 这些词有：only, very, the same, the last, all, any, some, no, little,

5、 few等。如：That is the very dress that I want to buy. 那正是我要买的裙子。 English is the only subject that I like. 英语是我唯一喜欢的科目。Cleaning the room again is the last thing that I can do for you.再次打扫房间是我能为你做的最后一事。. 当先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，引导词只用that. This is the fifth school that I have taught so far. 这是我目前为止教过的第5所学校。Mr.

6、 Lis class is the most interesting one that I have ever had. 李老师的课是我上过的最有趣的课。. 当先行词有人又有物时，只能用that。如： Can you remember the writer and his books that we have reported? 拓展知识 考点3：先行词是时间，地点，原因时引导词的选用 (1). 先行词是时间, 地点，原因并在从句中作状语时, 引导词分别用when, where, why, 也可以用介词+which结构。如： I wanted to know the day when he w

7、as born. =I wanted to know the day on which he was born. 我想知道他出生在哪一天。 He still loved the school where we studied together two years ago. =He still loved the school in which we studied together two years ago. 他仍然爱那所我们两年前一起读书的学校。Do you know the reason why he was late for school? 你知道他迟到的原因吗？(2). 先行词是时间

8、, 地点并在从句中作主语或宾语时, 引导词用which或者that。如： I remember the days which (that) we spent on the farm. 我记得我们在农场渡过的日子。 Lu Ming studies in the school which (that) was built 1 years ago. 卢明在一所1年前建好的学校里读书。考点4：引导词前有介词时，先行词是人,引导词只能用whom, 先行词是事物时，引导词只用which。如： This is the friend to whom I talk a lot.这是跟我谈话很多的朋友。 Jack

9、y stayed in the room in which Lu Xun once lived. 杰克呆在那个鲁迅曾经住过的房间。考点5：先行词是代词时，先判断其指代人还是指代物，再决定用哪个引导词。如： I dont like those who talk much but do little. 我不喜欢说得多做得少的人。The sleeping tigers are bigger than those which are trained there. 这睡着的老虎们比那些被训练的大。宾 语 从 句宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如： Rose said she would vi

10、sit us sometime next week. 露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。 主句 从句 (宾语从句) Could you tell me where he is from? 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？ 主句 从句 (宾语从句) 考点1：引导词的选用 (1). 陈述句的引导词用that，常可省略。I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou. He said. He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou. 他说他将要在广州见他的网友。(2). 一般疑问句的引导

11、词用if/ whether(是否)。（后有or 时只用whether）Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me. He asked me if/whether I would like to play basketball with him. 他问我是否会和他去打篮球。Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know. I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。(3)

12、. 特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。How old are you? They want to know. They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me. He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。考点2：语序 (宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1助动词在主语之后） He asked Jane: “Why dont you come”? 疑问语序(第1助

13、动词dont 在主语you之前) He asked Jane why she didnt come last night.陈述语序(第1助动词didnt 在主语you之后) Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。特殊：.Whats wrong with 在宾语从句中不变语序。如： I want to know whats wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。. 引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture

14、this afternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。(who 是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。) 考点3：时态（主句从句在时态上要一致） (1). 主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。“John speaks highly of you.” Tom tells me. Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me. 汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells, 是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks) He

15、 asked Jane why she didnt come last night. 陈述语序(第1助动词didnt 在主语you之后) Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。 (2). 主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。“When shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked. The boy asked when they should have the meeting. 男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。(主句用asked，是一般

16、过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shallshould) (3). 从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。“The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students. The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun. 老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。(主句用told, 为一般过去时，但从句中the earth goes around the sun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时，不用变) Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound. 考点4：宾语从句答题技巧 (逐步排除法) 先用语序判断，再用时态求证，如有需要再用引导词及意思去决定) 如：( ) Everyone wanted to know _