中石油2016通用英语选读课文40Fundamental Techniques in Handling People处理人际关系的基本技巧

1、40 Fundamental<基本的> Techniques in Handling<处理> People处理人际关系的基本技巧1. On the morning of April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay dying<奄奄一息地躺在> in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging<寄住的，暂住的> house directly across the street from Ford's Theater, where John Wilkes Booth had shot him

2、. Lincoln's long body lay stretched<伸展> diagonally<adv斜线地，对角地> across a sagging<下陷的，下垂> bed that was too short for him. A cheap reproduction<复制品，仿制品> of Rosa Bonheur's famous painting The Horse Fair hung above the bed, and a dismal<adj阴暗的，阴沉的，凄凉的> gas jet<煤气喷

3、嘴，煤气火焰> flickered<发出> yellow light.1.1865年4月15日清晨,亚伯拉罕.林肯奄奄一息地躺在福特戏院对面一家廉价客栈的卧房里。约翰·威尔克斯·布斯枪杀了他。那张下陷的床对身材修长的林肯而言实在太短了。床的上方，挂着一件罗莎·邦赫的名画马市的廉价仿制品，一盏阴暗的煤气灯发出惨淡的黄晕。2. As Lincoln lay dying, Secretary of War Stanton said, "There lies the most perfect ruler<元首，统治者> of men

4、 that the world has ever seen."2.当林肯奄奄一息地躺着时，陆军部长斯坦顿说：“躺在这里的，是世界上有史以来最完美的元首。”3. What was the secret of Lincoln's success in dealing with people? I studied the life of Abraham Lincoln for ten years and devoted<投入> all of three years to writing and rewriting<润色> a book entitled<

5、;书名叫做> Lincoln the Unknown. I believe I have made as detailed and exhaustive<adj透彻的，彻底的，无遗漏的，详尽的> a study of Lincoln's personality<个性，人格，人品> and home life as it is possible for any being to make. I made a special study of Lincoln's method of dealing with people. Did he indulge

6、 in<热衷于，沉湎于> criticism? Oh, yes. As a young man in the Pigeon Creek<n小溪，小河> Valley of Indiana, he not only criticized but he wrote letters and poems<诗> ridiculing<vt嘲笑，奚落 n揶揄，嘲笑，奚落> people and dropped these letters on the country roads where they were sure to be found. One of

7、 these letters aroused<引起> resentments<n怨恨，愤恨> that burned for a lifetime.3.林肯待人方面成功的秘诀是什么？我花了十年的时间研究亚伯拉罕·林肯的一生，并投入(devote to + n. / doing sth)了整整三年的时间写作和润色一本叫做林肯不为人知的一面的书。我相信我已经尽了人类一切的可能，对林肯的个性和他的家庭生活，做了详尽和透彻的研究。关于林肯待人的方法我还做了特别的研究。(make a study of v.仔细研究)林肯热衷于批评吗？是的，年轻时，他住在印第安纳州的鸽溪

8、谷；他不但批评他人，还写信做诗揶揄别人，他把写好的信扔到乡间街道上故意让人看到，其中有一封信所引起的怨恨，延续了一辈子。4. Even after Lincoln had become a practicing<开业的，在工作的> lawyer in Springfield, Illinois, he attacked<攻击> his opponents<对手> openly<公开地> in letters published in the newspapers. But he did this just once too often.4.林肯在

9、伊利诺斯州的春田镇，挂牌做了律师后，甚至投书给报社，公开攻击他的对手。虽然他多次做这样的事都得以幸免，但这次他却遭殃了。5. In the autumn of 1842 he ridiculed<讥笑> a vain<自负的>, pugnacious<adj好斗的> politician<政客> by the name of James Shields. Lincoln damned<v讽刺，谴责> him through an anonymous<匿名的> letter published in Springfield

10、Journal. The town roared with laughter<捧腹大笑，哄堂大笑>. Shields, sensitive<敏感的> and proud, boiled<怒火中烧，沸腾> with indignation<n愤怒>. He found out who wrote the letter, leaped<跳> on his horse, started after Lincoln, and challenged him to fight a duel<n/v决斗>. Lincoln didn&#

11、39;t want to fight. He was opposed to dueling, but he couldn't get out of<退出> it and save his honor. He was given the choice of weapons<武器>. Since he had very long arms, he chose cavalry<n骑兵> broadswords<n大砍刀，阔刀，腰刀> and took lessons in sword fighting<刀术> from a West

12、 Point graduate; and, on the appointed day, he and Shields met on a sandbar<n沙洲> in the Mississippi River, prepared to fight to the death; but, at the last minute, their seconds<助阵者，助手> interrupted and stopped the duel.5.1842年秋季，林肯讥笑一个自大好斗的政客，这人叫詹姆斯·西尔滋。林肯在春田的报上，刊登出一封匿名信讽刺他，令镇上的人都捧腹

13、大笑起来。西尔滋是个敏感和骄傲的人，怒火中烧。他查出写这封信的人是谁，跳上了马，去找林肯(start after sb. )，要和他作一次决斗。林肯不想打架，反对决斗，可是为了自己的面子又不能退出。对方给他选择武器的自由。林肯手臂特别长，就选了骑兵用的大砍刀，他向一位西点军校毕业生学习刀术。到了指定的日期，他和西尔滋在密西西比河的河滩上碰头，准备决一死战，就在最后一刻，他们双方的助阵者介入并阻止了决斗。6. That was the most lurid<adj可怕的，苍白的，耸人听闻的，血红的> personal incident<事件，小插曲> in Lincoln

14、's life. It taught him an invaluable<无价的> lesson in the art of dealing with people. Never again did he write an insulting<侮辱的，无礼的> letter. Never again did he ridicule<取笑> anyone. (两句由Never引导的倒装句。) And from that time on<从那时起>, he almost never criticized anybody for anythin

15、g.6.在林肯的一生中，这是件最可怕的个人事件。在做人的艺术方面，林肯学到了无价的一课。他再没有写过侮辱人的信，也没有取笑过任何人。从那时起，他几乎没有因任何事而批评任何人。7. Time after time<屡次>, during the Civil War, Lincoln put a new general<n将领，上将> at the head of the Army of the Potomac<波托马可河>, and each one in turn-McClellan, Pope, Burnside, Hooker, Meade-blunde

16、red<v犯错误，弄糟，跌跌撞撞地走n大错，失误> tragically<悲剧地，悲惨地> and drove Lincoln to pacing<踱步于，走动> the floor in despair<绝望>. Half the nation savagely<野蛮地，残忍地，粗暴地> condemned<vt谴责，判刑，处刑，声讨> these incompetent<无能力的，不能胜任的> generals, but Lincoln, "with malice<n怨恨，恶意，预谋，蓄意犯

17、罪> toward none, with charity<仁爱，宽容> for all," held his peace. One of his favorite quotations<格言，引用> was "Judge<批评> not, that ye<别人> be not judged". And when Mrs. Lincoln and others spoke harshly<adv粗糙地，严厉地，刺耳地> of the southern people, Lincoln replied:

18、"Don't criticize them; they are just what we would be under similar circumstances<情况，境遇>." He had learned by bitter<痛苦的> experience that sharp criticisms and rebukes<n/vt指责> almost invariably<adv总是，不变地> end in futility<n无益的事，无益，无用，轻浮的言行>.7.美国内战的时候，林肯屡次委派新将

19、领（依次有麦克克林、波伯、伯恩赛德、胡克、米德），统帅“波多马克”军队，可是他们都相继惨败而归，使林肯绝望地在地板上踱步。有一半的国人都在痛骂这些差劲的将领，可是林肯因为“不怨恨任何人，对所有人宽容”，一声也不吭。他最喜欢引用的一句格言是，“不要批评别人，别人才不会评议你”。当林肯太太和其他人非议南方人士时，林肯总是这样回答：”不要批评他们，我们在相同的情形下，也会像他们一样。”他已经从他的痛苦经验中明白，尖锐的批评、指责从来都是无果而终(end in futility)。8. Theodore Roosevelt said that when he, as President, was co

20、nfronted with<面对> a perplexing<adj使人困惑的，令人费解的，复杂的> problem, he used to lean<依靠> back and look up at a large painting of Lincoln which hung above his desk in the White House and ask himself, "What would Lincoln do if he were in my shoes<偏意,所处的地位; 境遇>? (虚拟语气) How would he

21、solve this problem? "(虚拟语气) The next time we are tempted to admonish<vt训诫，劝告，警告> somebody, let's pull a five-dollar bill out of our pocket, look at Lincoln's picture on the bill,-and ask, "How would Lincoln handle this problem if he had it? "(虚拟语气)8.西奥多·罗斯福说过，他任总统时，

22、每逢遇到棘手的问题，他常会往后一靠，抬头望望他白宫办公桌墙上那张林肯的巨幅画像，并自问：“如果林肯处在我目前的情形，他会怎么办？他将怎样解决这个问题？”下次我们如果忍不住(be tempted to do sth)要训诫某人时，不妨从口袋拿出一张五元的钞票，看看钞票上林肯的像问自己：“如果林肯遇到这种事，他会如何解决这个问题呢？”9. Do you know someone you would like to change and regulate<调整> and improve? Good! That is fine. I am all in favor of<赞同>

23、 it. But why not begin on yourself? From a purely selfish standpoint, that is a lot more profitable than trying to improve others-yes, and a lot less dangerous. "Don't complain about the snow on your neighbor's roof," said Confucius<孔夫子>, "when your own doorstep is uncle

24、an."9.你愿意你认识的人有所改变、调整和改进吗？如果是，那很好。我完全赞同。但为何不从你自己开始呢？站到纯自私的立场上，这要比改进别人获益更多没错，而且风险更小。孔夫子说过：“如果你的门阶不干净，就不要对你邻居家屋顶上的雪大发牢骚。”（“不能正其身，如正人何？”）10. When dealing with people, let us remember we are not dealing with creatures<生物> of logic<逻辑>. We are dealing with creatures of emotion<情感>,

25、 creatures bristling<adj怒发冲冠，竖立的> with prejudices<偏见> and motivated<激励> by pride and vanity<虚荣心>. If you and I want to stir up<造成，引起，激起> a resentment<愤恨> tomorrow that may rankle<vi痛苦不已，溃烂，发炎，怨恨vt激怒> across the decades and endure<持续> until death, just

26、let us indulge in a little stinging<adj恶毒的，刺人的> criticism-no matter how certain we are that it is justified<合理的，有正当理由的>.10.当我们与人相处时，应该记住，我们所接触的不是逻辑生物，而是情感生物，会因为偏见而怒发冲冠，也会被骄傲与虚荣心所激励。如果你我明天要造成一种历经数十年，直至死亡才会消失的反感，只要轻轻吐出一句恶毒的评语就得了-不论你多么肯定自己那样做事理所当然的。11. Any fool can criticize, condemn and co

27、mplain-and most fools do. But it takes character and self-control to be understanding and forgiving<宽恕，宽容>.11.任何一个愚蠢的人，都会批评人、斥责人、抱怨人，绝大多数蠢人都是这样。若要做到了解和宽恕别人，那就需在性格、自制力上下功夫。12."A great man shows his greatness," said Carlyle, "by the way he treats little men<卑微之人>." And

28、Dr. Johnson said: "God himself, sir, does not propose to judge man until the end of his days." Why should you and I?12.卡莱尔曾经说：”看一个伟人的伟大之处，就是看他如何对待卑微之人。”约翰逊博士也说过：“上帝在一个人的末日之前是不会给他下结论的。“那么你我又为什么要批评人呢？13.PRINCIPLE:Dont criticize,condemn or complain.13.规则：不要批评、责怪或抱怨。课后练习：1. On the morning of April 15, 1865, Abraham Lincoln lay _in a hall bedroom of a cheap lodging house A. die B. dying C. dyeing D. died2. One of these letters _ r