非谓语动词作定语和状语PPT精选文档

1、.1非谓语动词作定语和状语非谓语动词作定语和状语 韦正洪韦正洪模块模块7 UNIT 4 7 UNIT 4 语法语法.2 非谓语动词非谓语动词( (NonfinitiveNonfinitive Verbs)Verbs)高考语法高考语法作作定语和状语定语和状语.3谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状谓语：说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。态。它有人称、数、时态和语态的变化。 e.g. He works. He takes care of the baby. He will go to Shanghai. He didnt go to Shanghai. He

2、 has gone to Shanghai. You are students. You look smart.单谓语或动词单谓语或动词短语短语情态动词情态动词/助助动词动词+ v.系动词系动词+表语表语.4非谓语：主要包括不定式（非谓语：主要包括不定式（to do），），ving形式以及形式以及过去分词过去分词（done）。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓。无人称，数的变化，不单独作谓语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。语，但保留动词特点，可以有宾语或状语。e.g. He works. He wants to work here. He is working now. He has done

3、his work. You are students, so you dont work in the factory. Being students, you dont work in the factory. .5非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别非谓语动词和谓语动词的识别 顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不顾名思义，非谓语动词就是在英语中不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。近能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。近年来高考命题常常通过改变熟悉的句型结构或年来高考命题常常通过改变熟悉的句型结构或利用一些利用一些“ 貌合神离貌合神离” 的手段，加大考生辨别的手段，加大考生辨别非谓语动词的难度。非

4、谓语动词的难度。 一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓一句话通常不能有两个或两个以上的谓语动词，语动词， 除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现除非动词是并列谓语或者分别出现在主从复合或并列句中；一句话也不可能无谓在主从复合或并列句中；一句话也不可能无谓语动词（谓语省略的情况除外）。语动词（谓语省略的情况除外）。.6例例1). At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _ down to eat our picnic lunch. (2005上海）上海） A. sitting B. havi

5、ng sat C. to sit D. sat解析：解析： 此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词，即此题大家易受习惯心理影响选择分词，即 或项，而或项，而andand实际上作为并列连词并列的实际上作为并列连词并列的 是是found及及sat两个动作，而非并列两个动作，而非并列providing与与 sitting. .D.7例例2) Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. have been bought D. buying解析解析：此

6、题学生最易错选的答案为此题学生最易错选的答案为或。依据上面或。依据上面陈述，填入或句子都有两个谓语动词，而此陈述，填入或句子都有两个谓语动词，而此处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主处两个动词并非并列谓语，也不是分别出现在主从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为，从句中，故答案有误。该题正确答案为，bought through a computer为一过去分词短语作为一过去分词短语作后置定语，句中只有一个谓语后置定语，句中只有一个谓语can be lower than。当然此题如改为当然此题如改为Prices of daily goods which have been bought thr

7、ough也是正确的，因为这一动也是正确的，因为这一动作出现在从句中。作出现在从句中。B.8小试牛刀小试牛刀1). If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better_ it youve got some big bills coming A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget2). Daddy didnt mind what we were doing, as long as we were together, _ fun. A. had B. have

8、C. to have D. having AD.93) We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ that all children like these things. A. thinking B. think C. to think D. thought 4). Five people won the “Chinas Green Figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people for their contributions to environmental

9、 protection. A. being given B. is given C. given D. was givenAC.10非谓语不定式（不定式（to do)to do)分词分词动名词动名词(-ing)过去分词过去分词(-ed)现在分词现在分词(-ing)- ing - ing 分词分词-ed-ed 分词分词.11.12.13.14.15一一. . 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 不定式、动名词和分词不定式、动名词和分词都可以作定语，主要区别在都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。于它们的时态意义和语态意义。不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有不定式作定语和被修饰的名词具有

10、“动宾关动宾关 系系”, , 即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承即被修饰的名词是不定式的动作的承受受 者者; ; 如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定如果不定式是不及物动词，就要在不定式式 动词后加上相应的介词。动词后加上相应的介词。Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us. He was the last one to leave school yesterday. The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.16当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或

11、代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。1). Im going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything _(take) to your son? 2). Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything _(take) to your son? to be takento take.172. 现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有现在分词作定语和被修饰的名词具有“主谓关主谓关系系”，即现

12、在分词用主动式时，被修饰的名词正在，即现在分词用主动式时，被修饰的名词正在执行其动作；现在分词用被动式时，被修执行其动作；现在分词用被动式时，被修 饰的名词正在承受其动作饰的名词正在承受其动作( (即与名词是动宾关系即与名词是动宾关系) ) 1)Please tell the children playing outside not to make so much noise.2) The factory making (= that makes) such tools is a small one run by Tom.3)3)They lived in a room facing (= t

13、hat faced) the south.4) Barking dogs seldom bite.5) The building being built will be completed next year. （=who are playing).18 进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系动宾关系”，表，表 示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。 1)1) Some of the experiments _ in the book are easy to perform. A. describin

14、g B. to be described C. described D. to describe 2) It is said that Beijing University was the first institute of higher learning_ in China. A. established B. being established C. to be established D .having been established CA.19Practise1). The wild flower looked like a soft orange blanket _ the de

15、sert. A. coving B. covered C. cover D. to cover. 2). There have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. A. add B. to add C. adding D. added 3). The disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recor

16、ded D. being recorded ADA.204). Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed5)The English exam is not difficult, is it?_. Even Tom _ to the top students failed in it. A. Yes; b

17、elongs B. No; belonged C. Yes; belonging D. No; belongingCC.216). The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上上海）海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 7). A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏）江苏） A. advis

18、ed B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 该题的谓语动词是该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香闻起来很香”用来作用来作定语定语修饰主语修饰主语 flowers。“谋杀谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。BC.223.分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。例如：示的动作之后即将发生

19、的动作。例如：The question _ (discuss) at the meeting yesterday is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting now is of quite importance.The question _ (discuss) at the meeting tomorrow is of quite importance.discussedbeing discussedto be discussed.234.4.只有单个动名词能做定语，放在所修饰的名词前只有单个动名词能做定语，放在

20、所修饰的名词前表示所修饰的名词的用途。表示所修饰的名词的用途。 There is a swimming pool in the back yard. Only after repeated practice can we improve our teaching method.注：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别：注：动名词作定语与现在分词作定语的区别： 现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作。现在分词作定语表示所修饰的名词的动作。 flying fish 飞鱼飞鱼 a running dog 走狗走狗 a falling tide 落潮落潮 a crying boy 哭着的孩子哭着的孩子(=

21、 a pool for swimming) (=a method for teaching)(=A boy is crying ).24 practice 分词作定语： 1). Do you know the man _(speak ) at the meeting? 2). Do you know the man _( praise ) at the meeting? 3). The building _( put ) up last now is our library. 4). The building _( put ) up now will be our new company. .

22、255). The building _( put ) up next year will be our new company.6). There was an old temple _ ( stand ) at the top of the hill.7). There is a sports meeting _ ( hold ) next Tuesday.8). There was an old man _( live ) in the village.26二、非谓语动词作状语二、非谓语动词作状语 能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和能作状语的有不定式、现在分词和过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取

23、决过去分词。作什么样的状语往往取决于它们的位置和在句中的意义。于它们的位置和在句中的意义。.271 1、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因：、不定式做状语，只表示目的、结果或原因： He hurried home only to find his money stolen. （结果状语）（结果状语） To make himself heard, he raised his voice. （目的状语）（目的状语） All of us are surprised to see his rapid progress. ( (原因状语原因状语) ) 不定式短语放在句首多作目的状语，在句不定式短语放在

24、句首多作目的状语，在句末多作原因状语，结果状语。末多作原因状语，结果状语。.282 2、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴、分词做状语可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、让步、方式：随、让步、方式： 1). Given a chance, I can surprise the world. （条件状语）（条件状语） 2). Coming into the room, he found his father angry. （时间状语）（时间状语） 3). Being tired, they went on working. 4). Having been hit by the big boy on

25、the nose, the little boy began to cry. 5). He put a finger in his mouth, tasted it and smiled, looking rather pleased. （让步状语）（让步状语）（原因状语）（原因状语）（伴随状语）（伴随状语）.29 practice 分词作状语：1). When _(heat), water will be changed into vapour. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapour. 2) _(see) from the hi

26、ll, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3) Generally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon. heatedheatingSeenSeeing takentaking.30 3.分词作状

27、语时的逻辑主语问题 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 2) He being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.

28、关于分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题，在试题中关于分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题，在试题中 可以看到各种不同的命题技巧。可以看到各种不同的命题技巧。 FTT(True or false).31例：例：Written in a hurry, _ . How can it be satisfactory? A. they found many mistakes in the report B. Sam made lots of mistakes in the report C. there are plenty of mistakes in the report D. the report is full

29、of mistakes试题分析：试题分析：这时一道非常典型的试题。四个选项均为这时一道非常典型的试题。四个选项均为完整的句子，初看起来似乎不容易领悟试题的意图。完整的句子，初看起来似乎不容易领悟试题的意图。其实，本题的意图仍然是考察分词作状语的知识。抓其实，本题的意图仍然是考察分词作状语的知识。抓住试题意图就容易产生正确的思路住试题意图就容易产生正确的思路哪个句子的主哪个句子的主语能够同过去分词语能够同过去分词written的逻辑主语一致。沿着这个的逻辑主语一致。沿着这个思路向前走，不难想到思路向前走，不难想到the report was written in a hurry, , 试题的答案

30、不言自明。试题的答案不言自明。D.321). - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting2). In order to make our city green, _. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C.

31、our city needs more trees D. we must plant more treesCD.333). _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given4). He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope given 作状语

32、意为作状语意为“考虑到考虑到”，意思相当于，意思相当于 considering。注意注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的的是后面的 to get 。BA.34现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别现在分词与不定式作结果状语时的区别 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world . A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the stat

33、ion only _ that the train had left . A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 现在分词作结果状语往往表示现在分词作结果状语往往表示“正常出现的、自正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中然而然的或意料之中”的结果。不定式作结果状语的结果。不定式作结果状语时通常表示时通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的偶然的、出乎意料的”一种结果一种结果 AA.35 三三、考查连词之后加分词考查连词之后加分词 分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如分词短语常常可以用在某些连词如since, when, while, whenever, no m

34、atter how, once, until 等之后，可以看作是状语从句中的省略现等之后，可以看作是状语从句中的省略现象。象。1). No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven will still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performingA.362). When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the d

35、ifferences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared 3). The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun4) When _, the museum will be open to the public next year. A.

36、 completed C. completing C. being completed D. to be completed CDA.37注意点注意点：1. 不定式在表语形容词后作状语，用主动形式表不定式在表语形容词后作状语，用主动形式表被动意义。被动意义。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?We find this rule hard _ (remember).2. 有些分词已经转变为独立成分，有些分词已经转变为独立成分， 含有含有“泛指泛指”意义，在句中常作插入语。如：意义，在句中

37、常作插入语。如：generally speaking, judging from, talking of, supposing that, considering, compared to., given., Given their inexperience, they have done a good job.38注意点： 3. 独立主格结构：独立主格结构：名词名词/代词分词代词分词独立主格结构在句中作状语，相当于状语从独立主格结构在句中作状语，相当于状语从句。句。1）. Weather permitting, well go outing tomorrow.2）. There being

38、no interesting programs, he turned off the TV set. 3）All things considered, the plan should be put off.4）. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.39 As there was nobody， he had to go alone. There _ nobody, he had to go alone. If time permits, I will go to see you. Time _ , I will go to

39、 see you. As the worked had been finished, he went to bed. The work_,he went to bed.being permitting当存在不同主语时，可以用V-ing形式的独立主格结构。独立主格结构独立主格结构。finished.40例：例：The key_，she went through her handbag carefully. A. hadnt been found B. having not been found C. not having been found D. wasnt found试题分析：试题分析： 选

40、项选项A A、D D均为谓语形式，选择其中的任何一项均为谓语形式，选择其中的任何一项 前半部分便成为一个分句，与后面的分句必须使用前半部分便成为一个分句，与后面的分句必须使用 连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系，因此全部排除。连词。以表示前后分句的逻辑关系，因此全部排除。 选项选项B B是现在分词的完成被动式，凡非谓语动词的否是现在分词的完成被动式，凡非谓语动词的否 定形式，定形式，notnot必须加在最前面，因此也应排除。必须加在最前面，因此也应排除。not not having been found having been found同其逻辑主语同其逻辑主语the keythe key构成独立

41、主构成独立主 格结构，作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语格结构，作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语 sheshe不能不能 充当分词的逻辑主语。充当分词的逻辑主语。C.41四、四、非谓语动词时态形式的确定非谓语动词时态形式的确定 弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作弄清非谓语动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在。一般来说，非谓之间的先后关系是解题的关键所在。一般来说，非谓语动词的时态有以下三种形式。语动词的时态有以下三种形式。 非谓语表示的动作非谓语表示的动作 非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词的形式在谓语表示的动作之后在谓语表示的动作之后与谓语表示的动作同时与谓语表示的动作同时发生发生在谓语表示的动作之前在谓语表示的动作之前to do doing 或或to be doing to have done 或或having done.421). - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official