湛江市培才学校2016届高三年级短文改错精讲(英语)

1、湛江市培才学校2016届高三年级短文改错精讲英 语近年真题改错常见考点归纳命题趋势2015I2015II2014I2014II2013I2013II20122011介词11121112名词、动词、形容词的搭配名词单复数11111111动词时态10111111一般现在时与过去式5次动词语态11000100被动&主动 did&done冠词111111013漏2多词性转换11211100形容词与副词5次副词误用01102001非谓语01000111连词误用10101001代词11100001动词误用01001020分词与动词乱用 情态动词从句引导词01001110名状定从句主谓一致0

2、0010001比较级00000010其他10020000限定词much many2次1高考英语短文改错考点类析·介词一、考点规律分析短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及:介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、习语中的介词用法等。二、真题单句归纳推荐精选(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.(3) When I have free time I go a long walk. (

3、4) When they came down the police were angry to them.(5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (6) and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular. (7) I never knew about a ride down a river could be

4、 so exciting. (8) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (9) In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. (10) Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday. 2高考英语短文改错考点类析·名词一、考点规律分析短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题，即在该用复数的地方误用其单数，或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。二、真题单句归纳(

5、1) We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. (2) We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time. (3) There are branch library in many villages.(4) I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon. (5) so that Ill get good marks in a

6、ll my subject.(6) They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.(7) We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.(8) and often watch football match on TV together.(9) On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautifu

7、l.(10) She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.3高考英语短文改错考点类析·动词谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点，常见动词错误类型有1） 一般现在时与一般过去时错用；2）and 前后动词时态不一致；3）主谓不一致； 4)缺少动词，特别是be动词；5）第三人称单数形式错用； 6）主动语态和被动语态错用一、考点规律分析-动词时态动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别，其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来，在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词

8、来看，主要涉及be ,do和 have三个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态，如一般将来时，现在完成时等，但很少见。二、真题单句归纳(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop(2) and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car 推荐精选(3) Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the(4) Today, it is muc

9、h easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (5) My favorite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. (6) I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set.(7) If the book you will wa

10、nt is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (8) I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again.(9) They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. (10) I learn about yo

11、u from my English teacher, Miss Fang. 二、考点规律分析-主谓一致从广义来说，英语中的一致问题涉及多个方面，如主谓一致、人称的一致、并列结构的前后一致等。由于人称的一致已归入“代词”考点、并列结构的前后一致已分别归入非谓语动词、时态等，所以这里只归纳主谓一致问题。二、真题单句归纳(1) Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it.(2) Playing football not only makes us grow

12、up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.(3) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(4) But then there is always more mysteries to look into.(5) But not all information are good to society.(6) So then, a concert cost so much. I may just listen to music

13、(7) If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. (8) you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection.(9) One evening she told me that something happened when their parents was out. 三、考点规律分析-动词其他用法 此考点归纳的是除动词时态与主谓一致之外的动词考点

14、，它包括被动语态、情态动词、动词形式的变化、动词用法辨析、动词 be 的误加与漏用等。二、真题单句归纳(1) He lied down by the side of the path to rest. (2) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building. (3) Books may be keep for four weeks.(4) and let you know when the book you want has returned. (5) Uncle Ben will also go back for Chri

15、stmas. (6) They eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of questions. (7) Id like to your pen-friend, and get to know more about your country. (8) What your favourite sport? (9) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football. (10) I was used to wat

16、ch it every night.推荐精选4高考英语短文改错考点类析·冠词一、考点规律分析短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用，有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中，涉及最多的是，当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时，其前漏用不定冠词；另外，冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。二、真题单句归纳(1) After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. (2) I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. (3) Good he

17、alth is persons most valuable possession. (4) Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. (5) There is public library in every town in Britain. (6) Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. (7) Today I visited the Smiths my first visit to a Amer

18、ican family. (8) Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. (9) Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. (10) Ill take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. 5高考英语短文改错考点类析·形容词与副词一、考点规律分析短文改错对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用(尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前误

19、加more)、形容词与副词的混用(如修饰动词时误用形容词或修饰名词时误用副词)等，另外，用作表语时该用形容词的却误用了名词、简短副词(如 in, down 等)的误加与漏用、涉及形容词搭配的asas 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。二、真题单句归纳(1) After an hour or so we began to feel very frightening. (2) Charles said, “As soon as I see a realy tall building, I want to climb it.(3) Last Sunday, police cars

20、hurry to the taller building in New York. 4) As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. (5) Therefore, there are still some countries where people have shorter lives. (6) Finding information on the Net is easily.(7) Im sure well have a wonderfull

21、y time together. (8) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. (9) I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. (10) Yes, a concert can be very excited. 6高考英语短文改错考点类析·非谓语动词一、考点规律分析短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式

22、，但不能用动词原形)等。推荐精选二、真题单句归纳(1) rather than go into the forest and getting lost. (2) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. (3) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (4) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer s

23、urroundings. (5) you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (6) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.(7) It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (8) I look forward to hear from you soon. (

24、9) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit.(10) I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort.7高考英语短文改错考点类析·并列连词一、考点规律分析短文改错对并列连词的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格说来，这类错误

25、主要属于行文逻辑的错误。二、真题单句归纳(1) We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do. (2) I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had. (3) It is a very important exam but I cant afford to fail it. (4) She was smiling but nodding at me.(5) It looks as if my parents treat me as

26、a visitor and a guest. (6) The food was expensive and the service was good.(7) Im the captain of our school team so with my fellow players weve won several games. (8) My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes.(9) So once youve started collecting seriously, yo

27、u (10) Clever as she is, but she works very hard.8高考英语短文改错考点类析·代词一、考点规律分析短文改错对代词的考查主要涉及人称代词的前后一致性(包括指代的一致性，单复数的一致性和性别的一致性)、人称代词的主格与宾语变化、各类代词的误加与漏用(尤其是一些易受汉语影响的结构)、某些不定代词的用法(尤其是在意思上用错)、代词在某些习语中的用法等。推荐精选二、真题单句归纳(1) David pointed to a path which it he thought would probably lead to a village. (2)

28、When we walked to the car, Bill smiled and shook head. (3) We climb everywhere, not only in America. They have been to Europe many times. (4) And I cant forget the good food you cooked for I.(5) I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon.(6) The Smiths did his best to make me fe

29、el at home. (7) And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game. (8) The day before the speech contest(比赛) English teacher talked to me.(9) I think I liked those classes because I felt that it helped me understand what the world works. (10) Im spend all the whole weekend readi

30、ng and preparing for it. 9高考英语短文改错考点类析·从句一、考点规律分析短文改错对从句引导词的考查主要涉及根据句意正确选用引导词、引导词的误加与漏用、将不是从句的东西误认为是从句而误加引导词等。二、真题单句归纳(1) In the last five years that theyve climbed churches, high buildings and television towers. (2) Charles said, “As soon I see a really tall building, I want to climb it.(3) Mo

31、st people can quickly get help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (4) However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives. (5) in other places where you are limited to a certain number, of which some may be novels. (6) in other places you are limited to a certa

32、in number, of that some may be novels.(7) and whether you pay the cost of sending a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (8) I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together. (9) I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. (10) but it didnt matter that I would win or not. 一、解题原则：原则1 规范

33、性原则要严格按照示范规定的符号改错。要记住“_”、“”、“”分别表示修改错词、增加漏词、删除多词。原则2 四不改原则1）单词拼写不改，2）大小写不改，3）词序错误不改（应从错词或者少词方面考虑）推荐精选4）标点符号不改。原则三 五改动原则1） 忠实于原文原则2） 一对一原则3） 以改动最少为原则4） 虚词以添加或者删除为原则5） 实词以改变形式为原则。二、解题步骤步骤1 通读全文，了解大意要快速浏览全文，把握文章大意，注意语篇结构和行文逻辑。不能再不了解文章大意的情况下逐字逐句地进行修改。步骤2 先易后难，缩小范围出来改正在通读全文的过程中，可以先把文中明显的错误， 然后再根据具体语境，仔细分

34、析判断，将注意力集中在较难的句子上。步骤3 把握文意，逐句判断可依据“动词形，名词数，注意形和副；非谓语动词细辩别，习惯用法要记住，句子结构多分析，逻辑错误需关注”的口诀进行逐句判断和改正。步骤4 再次通读，复查验证把大部分错误改正之后，如果还有拿不准的地方，就应再次通读全文，并利用语感来作最后的判断。三、短文改错结题思路和检查原则1） 句子各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；2） 谓语动词的时态、语态；3） 非谓语动词的用法；4） 名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5） 定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6） 代词的格和性的使用是否正确；7） 定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；8） 并

35、列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词的是否得当。9） 核对错项时,若的确有一时难以改出的地方。可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“181”比例。即多一词1个，缺词1个，错词8个。10） 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。11） 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大写和拼写等问题。推荐精选短文改错 参考答案：1，介词1(in 改为 on，insist on 为固定搭配) (全国卷) 2 (at 改为 of，catch sight of是习语，意为“看见”) (全国卷)3(go 后加 for，go for a w

36、alk 是习语) (全国卷)4 (to 改为 with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用be angry with sb) (全国卷)5(去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物动词) (全国卷)6(books for 改为 books on，此处的 on 意为“关于”) (全国卷)7(去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that，因动词 knew 后可直接跟宾语从句，无需用介词) (全国卷)8(for 改为 of，注意句型 Its kind of sb to do sth) (全国卷)9 (去掉 in，在由 next, this, last 等构成的时间短语中，一般可直接用作时间状语，无需

37、加 in, on, at 这样的介词) (全国卷)10 (on 改为 for，thanks for doing sth 意为“因某事而感谢某人”) (北京春季卷)2，名词1(waters 改为water，因“水”为物质名词，不可数) (全国卷)2(time改为 times，many times 意为“许多次”) (全国卷)3(library 改为 libraries，因其前的谓语are为复数) (全国卷)4(times 改为 time，some time 意为“某时”) (全国卷) 5(subject 改为 subjects，请注意前面的 all) (全国卷) 6(question 改为 qu

38、estions，因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语 lots of) (全国卷) 7(subject 改为 subjects，因 a few 后应接复数可数名词) (全国卷) 8(match 改为 matches) (全国卷) 9(picture 改为 pictures，picture 作为可数名词，其前应有限定词，或为复数形式) (全国卷)10 (schoolmate 改为 schoolmates，因校友不只一个，另外根据其后的 all 也可推知) (全国卷)3动词时态1(stop改为stopped) (全国卷)推荐精选2(is 改为 was) (全国卷)3(hurry 改为 hurried) (

39、全国卷)4(第二个is 改为 was) (全国卷)5(was 改为 is) (全国卷)6 (am 改为 was) (全国卷)7(去掉 will) (全国卷)8 (is 改为 was) (全国卷)9(have 改为 had) (全国卷)10(learn 改为learned) (全国卷)主谓一致1(was 改为 were，因先行词 two men 是复数，所以修饰该先行词的定语从句的谓语动词也应用复数) (全国卷)2 (give 改为 gives，它与makes 为平行结构，构成并列谓语动词) (全国卷) 3(is 改为 are，因主语是 my picture and the prize，故谓语动

40、词要用复数) (全国卷)4 (is 改为 are，因其后的 mysteries 为复数，故谓语动词要用复数) (北京春季卷)5(are改为is，因为主语是不可数名词information，表单数) (广西卷).6 (cost改为costs，因主语是单数a concert，根据全文用的都是现在的时态，故用一般现在时) (年四川卷)7(are改为is，因为在there be结构中的be用is还是用are，由紧跟在be后的那个名词的单复数来决定，此处no need是单数，所以用is) (四川卷)8 (exist改为exists，因主语which是指the Stamp Collectors Club，

41、这是单数，所以用exists) (浙江卷)9(was改为were，因为主语their parents是复数，所以不用was要用were) (年福建卷)动词其他1 (lied 改为 lay，lie 表示“躺”时，其过去时是 lay) (全国卷) 2(seeing 改为 seen，因为从含义上看，此处谓语应用被动语态) (全国卷)3(keep 改为 kept，因此处要用被动语态) (全国卷)4(returned 之前加 been，因从句意上看，此处要用被动语态) (全国卷).5 (go 改为 come，由句意可知) (全国卷)6(eager 前加were，因此处缺谓语动词) (全国卷)7 (to

42、后加 be / become，因 would like后要接不定式，根据句意此处应加 be / become) (全国卷)8 (what 后加 is 或将 What 改为 Whats，此句缺谓语) (全国卷)9(use to 改为 used to，此为习语，意为“过去经常”) (全国卷)10(去掉 was，因 used to do sth 是固定表达，意为“过去常常做”) (全国卷)4冠词1(a 改为 an，因 hour 读音以元音开头) (全国卷)2(the 改为 a，因此处并非特指，而是泛指) (全国卷)3(persons 前加 a，这里的 a 表泛指) (全国卷)4(去掉 the，因he

43、alth 表泛指) (全国卷)5(public library 前加 a，因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指，故在其前用 a) (全国卷)推荐精选6(a 改为 the，因从含义上看，此处的 winter holidays 属特指或者是谈话双方都知道的) (全国卷)7(a 改为 an，因 American 的读音以元音开头) (全国卷)8(去掉 a，catch sight of 是习语，意为“看见、瞥见”) (全国卷)9(the 改为 one，one 与下一行的 another 构成“一个另一个”) (全国卷)10(wonderful 前加 a，该表达与 have a

44、good time 类似，其中的 a 不可省) (北京春季卷)5形容词和副词1(frightening 改为 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕) (全国卷) 2(realy 改为 really 或 real，若改为 really，则修饰 tall；若改为 real，则修饰 building) (全国卷)3(taller 改为 tallest，因从含义上看此处应是最高级) (全国卷)4(去掉 more，因为 longer 本身已是比较级，不能再受 more 修饰) (全国卷)5(Therefore 改为 However，因此处语意转折) (全国卷)6 (easily改为

45、easy，作表语要用形容词) (年广西卷)7(wonderfully 改为 wonderful，因它是放在名词前作定语) (全国卷)8(Unfortunate 改为 Unfortunately，因此处要求用副词作状语) (全国卷)9(去掉 much，因 much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级，尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级) (全国卷)10(excited改为exciting，表示某事物是“令人兴奋的”用exciting；表示某人“感到兴奋”才用excited) (四川卷)6非谓语动词1(getting 改 get，因为 get 与其前的go 并列) (全国卷)2(leading 改为 lead，

46、因为其前有助动词 would) (全国卷)3(stood 改为 stand，因为 to stand up 在此为不定式结构) (全国卷)4(去掉live 前的 to，因为 live 与其前的 know, have 并列) (全国卷)5(send改为sending，因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷) 6(have改为having，因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)7(drove改为 drive，因为 drive 与其前的 to meet 并列，此处的 drive 为省略 to 的不定式) (全国卷)8(hear改为 hearing，因为其前的 to 是介词) (全国卷)9 (第一个pla

47、y改为 playing，因为动词原形不能用作主语) (全国卷)10 (watch改为 watching，因为动词原形不能用作主语) (全国卷)7并列连词1(and 改为 but，因此处语意转折) (全国卷)2(all 前加 and，表示并列关系) (全国卷)3(but 改为 and / so，此处表因果关系，并非转折关系) (北京春季卷)4 (but 改为 and，因此处并无转折之意) (全国卷)5(and 改为 or，a visitor 和 a guest 应是选择关系，意思是“好像我的父母亲把我当作一个来访者或一个客人”)6(and 改为 but，此处意义发生转折) (全国卷)推荐精选7(

48、so 改为 and，表并列关系) (安徽春季卷)8(but 改为and，此处表示并列，而不是转折) (江苏卷)9(So 改为 But，因为前后是转折关系) (年浙江卷) 10(去掉but，因前面已有引导让步状语从句的连词 as(=though 虽然)，千万不要受汉语句式“虽然但是”的影响，而重复用连词) (福建卷)8代词1(去掉 it，因它与其前的关系代词 which 语义重复) (全国卷)2(head 前加 his，汉语可“摇头”，而英语的习惯要说 shake ones head) (全国卷)3(They 改为 We，前后人称不一致) (全国卷) 4(I 改为 me，因介词之后的人称代词要用宾格) (全国卷)5 (去掉 both。因 both 与后面的 two 意义重复，况且词序安排也不对) (全国卷)6(his 改为 their，因前面的 the Smiths 指的是“史密斯夫妇”或“史密斯一家”，是复数意义) (全国卷)7(they 改为 we，根据句意，主从句的主语应该一致) (全国卷) 8(Eng