过去分词课件PPT课件

1、Grammar动词-ed形式作定语动词-ed形式作表语动词-ed形式作宾语补足语动词-ed形式作状语第1页/共55页 过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如：一、动词-ed形式作定语 spoken English (英语口语英语口语)；iced beer (冰冻啤酒冰冻啤酒)；第2页/共55页 cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条); 但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成

2、”的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water(开水); fallen leaves(落叶) the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。第3页/共55页 1. The tall man is a returned student 高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。 2. My parents are both retired teachers 我的父母都是退休教师。 第4页/共55页(1)前置定语前置定语单个的动词单个的动词-ed形式形式,一般放在被修饰一般放在被修饰的名词的前面的名词的前面, 作前置定语。作前置定语。The excited people rushed into

3、 building.激动的人们冲进大楼。激动的人们冲进大楼。(=the people who were excited)Lost time can never be found again虚度的时光虚度的时光, 无法挽回。无法挽回。(=time which is lost) 第5页/共55页e.g. The books left are for my students (2)后置定语后置定语少数单个动词的少数单个动词的-ed形式形式, 如如left等等, 只能只能 作后置定语。作后置定语。剩下的书是给我的学生的。剩下的书是给我的学生的。 动词动词-ed形式短语作定语时，通常要放在形式短语作定语

4、时，通常要放在 被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上被修饰的名词的后面，在意思上 相当于一个定语从句。相当于一个定语从句。第6页/共55页1. Is there anything planned for tonight?(= that has been planned for tonight)今晚有什么活动吗今晚有什么活动吗?2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success这次会议有很多人出席这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。开得很成功。 (=which was attended by a lot of people) 第7页/共5

5、5页高考题1)Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa. (MET 90) A.invited B. to invite C.being invited D. had been invited 2) The first text books for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET 94) A. having written B.to be written C. being written D. written

6、第8页/共55页3) The Olympic games, in 776 BC, didnt include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing4) Prices of daily foods through a computer can be lower than prices in stores. (2002年全国春） A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying第9页

7、/共55页 5) Mr. Smith,_ of the speech, started to read a _ novel. (2003 北京春北京春) A. tired, boring B. tiring, bored C. tired, bored D. tiring, boring第10页/共55页He looked worried after reading the letter看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。When we heard of it, we were deeply moved当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。 He seemed quite delighted at th

8、e idea 听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。 二、动词-ed形式作表语 过去分词作表语并无过去分词作表语并无“完成完成”或或“被动被动”之之意意, 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如：。如：第11页/共55页 I was very pleased at the news 听了这消息我很高兴。 He grew much tired of the work 他十分厌倦这工作。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听了这想法他似乎很高兴。 作表语的作表语的-ed形式可被形式可被much, very, quite等所修饰。等所修饰

9、。第12页/共55页1) Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (NMET98) A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay2) As we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends. (NEMT 2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed高考题第13页/共55页3) The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the pla

10、ne was making a landing. (2004 上海上海) A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 第14页/共55页三、动词三、动词-ed-ed形式作宾语补足语形式作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词, ,表示被动意义或已完成意义, ,有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, ,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。第15页/共55页 She found the door broken in when she came back 她回来时发现有人破门而人。 My grandfather h

11、ad his old house rebuilt 我爷爷找人重修了一下他的旧房子。第16页/共55页动词动词-ed形式作宾语补足语的基本用法形式作宾语补足语的基本用法 动词的-ed形式可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词-ed形式和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态,原来的宾语补足语变成了主语补足语。第17页/共55页People found the girl beaten black and blue人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。人们发现这个女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(宾语补足语宾语补足语)The girl was fo

12、und beaten black and blue(主语补足语主语补足语) 第18页/共55页(1)(1)动词-ed形式可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语, ,这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。第19页/共55页 I have never heard him spoken ill of others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind 她觉

13、得心里轻松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。第20页/共55页I have my hair cut once a month我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make himselfunderstood他正努力使别人听懂自己。(2) 动词动词-ed形式可作使役动词的形式可作使役动词的 宾语补足语宾语补足语, 这类动词包括这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。等。第21页/共55页She had her house repaired她请人把屋子修好了。Where di

14、d you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发? “have+宾语+done”结构有三个含义： (请人请人)把某事做完。把某事做完。第22页/共55页He had his hat blown away on his wayhome在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。 参遭遇某种意外情况。参遭遇某种意外情况。第23页/共55页I have had all my spelling mistakescorrected我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yua

15、nsaved this year他今年已存了1000元。 完成某事完成某事 (自己也可能参与自己也可能参与)。第24页/共55页He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting 他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。(3) 动词动词-ed形式可作表示希望、要求、形式可作表示希望、要求、 命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词 包括包括like，want, wish, expect, order等等” 这一类动词的后面作宾语这一类动词的后面作宾语 补足语。补足语。第25页/共55页(4)

16、过去分词用在过去分词用在“with+宾语宾语+宾补宾补” 这一结构中这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语过去分词与宾语 之间是动宾关系。之间是动宾关系。The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.The students wish the TV serial plays continued学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。小偷被带进来了小偷被带进来了, , 双手被反绑在后面。双手被反绑在后面。第26页/共55页q “with 宾语过去分词”结构“with 宾语过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词

17、with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因、伴随等状语。例如： (1)The murderer was brought in, with his hands( )behind his back. (tie)凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后.(2) With water ( ),we can see the steam. (heat)水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。(3) With the matter( ) , we all went home. (settle)事情得到解决，我们都回家了。4) He stood for an instant with his hand

18、 still（ ）(raise). 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。 tied（表方式）heated,（表条件）settled（表原因）表伴随raised第27页/共55页过去分词过去分词作状语作状语过去分词作状语，修饰过去分词作状语，修饰谓语，谓语，大多说明动作发生的背景大多说明动作发生的背景或情景，表示或情景，表示时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随情况等。情况等。一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的一般说来，这一结构的逻辑主语是主句的主语。主语。a、表示表示时间时间Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.When it is see

19、n from space, the earth looks blue.b、表示表示条件条件Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.第28页/共55页c、表示表示原因原因d、表示表示伴随情况伴随情况e e、表示、表示让步让步Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.As they were deeply moved, the

20、 children began to cry.She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.第29页/共55页1._ a reply, h

21、e decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not receivedC2.Before _, the machine must be checked. A.being used B. using it C. being used to D. using A第30页/共55页q 过去分词作状语 1. 过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。 (1) _(write)in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆

22、忙，这篇文章不是很好。值得注意的是:有些过去分词因来源于系表结构，作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有： lost （迷路）； seated （坐）； hidden （躲）； stationed （驻扎）； lost / absorbed in （沉溺于）； born （出身于）； dressed in （穿着）； tired of （厌烦）。 (2) _ in deep thought, he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中，所以他没听到那个声音。 Written【注意】written 为过去分词作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且已经被写。Lo

23、st / Absorbed第31页/共55页2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语，此时应注意人称一致。(1) _another hour, I can also work out this problem. (give) (2) _from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.(see) Given再给我一个小时，我也能解这道题。given 为过去分词作状语，它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ，即 I 被再给一个小时。Seen从山顶看城市，城市显得更漂亮。（seen 为过去分词作状语，表“被看”，由语境可知，它的逻

24、辑主语必须是城市，而不是“我们”，因为“我们”应主动看城市。）第32页/共55页【注意】独立主格结构（所谓独立主格结构，分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。在句子中做状语(1)Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。（her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。）结构:名词或代词(主格/逻辑主语)+分词(2)The signal _, the bus started. 信号一发出，汽车就开动了。(give)given（the sign

25、al 是 given 的逻辑主语，因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。第33页/共55页Because he was caught in a heavy rain.相当于一个条件状语,if these seeds were grown in rich soil, 3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。 (1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语，它来源于原因状语从句) (2) Grown in rich soil, t

26、hese seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。第34页/共55页 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词”结构作状语。 W h e n g i v e n a m e d i c a l examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定。 4. 过去分词作状语的位置。过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语，后面有逗号与主句隔开；也可放在主句后面，前面有逗号与主句隔开。 He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to t

27、ears, he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。第35页/共55页Exercises 1. Is this the bike which you wish to have _? A. repaired it B. repairing C. repair D. repaired.单项选择：第36页/共55页 2. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company (明尼苏达州矿业与制造公司 ), _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being

28、 known D. to be known 第37页/共55页 3. From the dates _ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago. A. marking B. marked C. to be marked D. having been marked第38页/共55页 4. It was so large a room that a hundred people looked _ in it. A. losing B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 5.

29、 Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry第39页/共55页 6. With _ leaves _ in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer. A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried C. fallen; burying D. falling; burie

30、d第40页/共55页 7. She was glad to see her child well _ care of. A. take B. to be taken C. taken D. taking8. Friendship is like money easier made than _. A. kept B. to be kept C. to keeping D. being kept友谊如金钱一般，容易得到却不易保持。 第41页/共55页 9. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific

31、knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known第42页/共55页 10. John rushed out in a hurry, _ the door _. A. leaving; unlocked B. leaving; unlocking C. left; unlocking D. to leave; unlocking第43页/共55页 11. The disc(唱片), digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that

32、 night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded第44页/共55页 12. _ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared第45页/共55页 13. _ time, hell make a first class tennis player. A. Having given B.

33、 To give C. Giving D. Given 14. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. To lose C. Lost D. Having lost 第46页/共55页 15. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding第47页/共55页.选择恰当的非谓语动词填空： 1. John Snow told the story about the _ (astonish) people in Broad Street. 2. Some of the people _ (invite) to the party c