工程师培训教程

1、Engineering drawing 工程图Detail drawing/shop drawing/ fabrication drawing 施工图Engineering specification 工程规范Failure mode 失效模式Short term failure modes 短期失效模式Brittle fracture 脆性断裂Ductile rupture 韧性断裂Leakage at joints due to excessive deformation 超量变形引起的接头泄漏Crack formation or ductile tearing due to excess

2、ive local strains 超量局部应变引起的裂纹形成或韧性剪切Instability (buckling)-elastic plastic or elastic-plastic 弹性、塑性或弹性失稳 Long term failure modes 长期失效模式Creep rupture 蠕变断裂Creep-excessive deformations 蠕变超量变形Creep instability 蠕变失稳Erosion/corrosion 冲蚀、腐蚀Environmentally assisted cracking 环境助长开裂SCC: stress corrosion crack

3、ing 应力腐蚀开裂Cyclic failure modes 循环失效Progressive plastic deformation 扩展性塑形变形Alternating plasticity 交替塑性Fatigue under elastic strains or under elastic-plastic strains 弹性应变疲劳或弹塑 性应变疲劳Environmentally assisted fatigue 环境助长疲劳Corrosion fatigue 腐蚀疲劳Steelmaking furnace 炼钢炉Secondary metallurgy 炉外精炼Deoxidized p

4、rocess 脱氧工艺Queching and hign temperature tempering 调质Liner expansion factor 线膨胀系数Modulus elasticity 弹性模量Ingot 钢锭annealing 退火workblank 毛坯normalizing 正火billet steel 钢坯quenching 淬火flat blank 板坯tempering 回火solution 固溶plate as rolled 原轧制钢板steel grade 钢号stabilizing 稳定化heat number 炉号 batch number 批号 poissi

5、on's rate 泊松比 critical point 临界点 tension test 拉伸试验 tensile strength 抗拉强度 yield strength 屈服强度 proof strength non-proportional extension 规定非比例延伸强度 permanent set strength 规定残余延伸强度 percentage elongation after fracture 断后伸长率 percentage reduction of area 断面收缩率 creep and stress rupture test 蠕变及持久试验 lim

6、ited creep rupture stress 持久强度极限 hardness test 硬度试验 impact test 冲击试验 impact absorbing energy 冲击吸收功 percentage of brittle fracture surface 脆性断面率 lateral expansion 侧膨胀值 ductile-brittle transition temperature 韧脆转变温度 drop-weight test 落锤试验CTOD: crack tip opening displacement 裂纹尖端张开位移试验J-intergration test

7、 J 积分试验 Rolling 轧制 Drawing 拉制 Extrusion 挤压 Forging 锻造（锻压） Cold/hot forming 冷、热成型 Cold stamping 冷冲压 Weld performance 焊接性能 Metallurgical structure 金相组织 Ferrite 铁素体 Cementite 渗碳体 Graphitization 石磨化 Perlite 珠光体 Martensite 马氏体 Bainite 贝氏体 Anstenite 奥氏体 Tempered martensite 回火马氏 Tempered aorbite 回火索氏体 Grai

8、n size 晶粒度 Initial grain zone 起始晶粒度 Practice grain size 实际晶粒度 Inclusion 夹杂物 Oxide 氧化物 Sulfide 硫化物 Silicate 硅酸盐bend 弯曲 flattening 压扁 flare 扩口weld 焊缝fusion zone 熔合区 heat affected zone 热影响区 overheated zone 过热区ann ealed zone重结晶区in complete ann ealed zone不完全结晶区 recrystallization zone 再结晶区hydrogen embritt

9、lement 氢脆 high temperature oxidation 高温氧化 stress corrosion 应力腐蚀 Uniform corrosion 均匀腐蚀 Pitting corrosion 点腐蚀 Intergranular attack 晶间腐蚀 crevice corrosion 缝隙腐蚀Steel plate for moderate-temperature service 中温抗氢钢板 Stainless steel clad plat 不锈钢复合钢板Steel forgings 锻件Steel bars 棒钢Aluminium and aluminium allo

10、y 铝及其合金Titanium and titanium alloy 钛及其合金Copper and copper alloy 铜及其合金Nickel and nickel alloy 镍及其合金Quenched and tempered high strength steel 调质高强度钢Normal stress 正应力shear stress 剪应力 critical pressure 临界压力 spherical head 球形封头 ellipsoidal head 椭圆形封头 dished head 碟形封头 spherical segment head 球冠形封头 conical

11、head 锥形封头 Forged reduced head 紧缩口封头 Reducer 变径段Raised seal face 突平面 male-female seal face 凹凸面 tongue-groove seal face 榫槽面 ring joint 环面double jacketed gaskets 金属包垫片reverse flange 方向法兰flange using full face gasket 宽面法兰 flange using ring type gasket窄 面法兰 lapped flange 活套法兰 slip-on-welding flange 平焊法兰

12、socket-welding flange 承插焊法兰 welding neck flange 高（长）颈法兰 Threaded flange 螺纹法兰spiral-wound gaskets 缠绕式垫片safety value 安全阀bursting disc devices 爆破片装置 bellows expansion joint 波形膨胀节 bellows 波纹管flanged and flued expansion joint 凸缘型膨胀节 back sitting pressure 回座压力safety relieving capacity of vessel 安全泄放量rated

13、 discharge capacity of relievi ng device 额定泄放量 welding procedure 焊接工艺Weldability 焊接性能SMAW shielded metal are welding 焊条电弧焊SAW submerged arc welding 埋弧焊GTAW gas tungsten arc welding 钨极气体保护焊 GMAW gas metal arc welding 熔化极气体保护焊 FCAW flux-cored arc welding 药芯焊丝电弧焊 PAW plasma arc welding 等离子弧焊 ESW electr

14、oslag welding 电渣焊 FRW friction welding 摩擦焊 SW stud welding 螺柱焊PWHT post weld heat treatment 焊后热处理 Production welding test plate 产品焊接试板 Weld reinforcement 余高Undercut 咬边Porosity 气孔Slag inclusion 夹渣Incomplete joint penetration 未焊透Incomplete fusion 未熔合Crack 裂纹VT visual testing 目视检测RT radiographic testin

15、g 射线检测UT ultrasonic testing 超声检测MT magnetic particle testing 磁粉检测PT penetrant testing 渗透检测AE acoustic emission 声发射检测 LT leak testing 泄漏检测 leak test 气密性试验bubble testing 气泡试验 underwater test 水下试验 ammonia leak test 氨渗漏试验 halogen leak test 卤素检漏试验 helium leak test 氦检漏试验 polishing 表面抛光 pickling/passivatin

16、g 酸洗钝化 toughness 韧性 fracture 断裂 brittle fracture 脆性断裂 ductile fracture 韧性断裂 cold shortness 冷脆性能 impact absorbing energy 冲击吸收功 percentage of brittle fracture surface 脆性断面率 lateral expansion 侧膨胀值 NDTT nil-ductility transition temperature 无塑性转变温度 TMCP thermo-mechanical control process 控制冷却工艺 PWHT 焊后热处理 DHT dehydrogenation heat treatment 消氢热处理 ISR intermediate stress relief 中间消除应力热处理 Temper embrittlement 回火脆性 Seismic intensity 烈度 Basic seismic intensity 基本烈度 Seismic fortification intensity 设防烈度Design basic acceleration of ground 设计基本地震加速度 Design characteristic period of ground motion 设计特征周