(推荐)高考英语形容词和副词讲解

1、一、形容词、副词的基本用法(一)多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序如果两个及两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个 形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。如：a small wonderful gift。常用的顺序为:限定词(these, those,)+数量形容词(three) +描绘性形容词(beautiful) +大 小、长短、高低等形体形容词(large long, high) +新旧(old) +颜色(red) +国籍(Chinese) +材料(wood) +用途(writing) +被修饰的名词(desk)为了方便记忆，不

2、妨试试如下口诀:限定描述大长高，形状年龄与新老:颜色国籍出材料，用途类别往后靠,英语中有些形容词既可以做前置定语，也可以作后置定语，但意义不同，常见的有：present (现在的/ 在场的)，responsible (可依赖的/应负责的)，concerned (忧心忡忡的/有关的),proper (适当的/正经的, 正式的)，involved (复杂难懂的/相关的),absent (心不在焉的/缺席的)。如:the responsible man可依赖的人the man responsible 应负责的人the present members 现在的成员the members present

3、在场的成员the absent students心不在焉的学生the students absent缺席的学生the concerned teachers忧心忡忡的老师们the teachers concerned （与事情）相关的老师们（二）表语形容词表语形容词（如：afraid, alone, awake> asleep* alive, alike, ashamed> afloat, well, sorry> unable, worth, sure）并非只能做表语，它们还可以作补足语，有的还可作后置定语（一般不做前置定语）。如：To my surprise, the dr

4、iver is still alive after the traffic accident0令我吃惊的是，交通事故发生后，司机还活着。The people, and the people alone> are the motive force in the making of world history。人民，只有人民，才是创造世界历史的动力。（三）形容词作状语形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表示动词的方式。如：He returned home, safe and sounds他安然无恙的回到了家。The goat rolled over, dead。山羊翻了个身，死了。He is s

5、tanding there» full of fear他充满恐惧的站在那。（四）有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：Fortunately he was not drowned and was saved by the PLAO幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军救了。Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to herc使她高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。Luckily> he was not hurt in the accidento幸运的是，他在事故中没有受伤。Obviously, your answer is absolutel

6、y wrongo很显然，你的答案绝对错误。Naturally* you will want to discuss this problem with your parentSo你自然想和你的父母商量一下此事。（五）副词enough的用法1. enough作副词用来修饰形容词、副词时要放在所修饰词的后面。如：students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills。足够勇敢参加这个探险课的学生肯定会学到很多有用的技能°Strangely enough,

7、some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless。很奇怪，一些著名的科学家具有粗心和细心双重特点。2. cannot与enough连用,表示“再也不为过如：You cannot be careful enough。你再细心也不为过。注意：enough的这种用法还可用cannot （never等否定词）too”表达。如：I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down。You

8、can never be too careful in the street。我正沿着大街骑车，突然一辆汽车横插过来，把我撞倒了。在大街上，你再小心也不为过。（六）熟记下列几句有关形容词、副词的固定搭配1. He' s dead/blind drunk （=very drunk）.他喝的酩酊大醉。2. Het s wide awake.他完全没有睡意。3. It' s raining/snowing heavily.雨/雪下的很大。4. He, s sound/fast asleep.他睡得很沉。5. He* s moving/breathing/drinking/smokin

9、g heavily.他吃力的移动/喘着粗气/酒喝得多/烟抽的多。6. The traffic/ He' s moustache is heavy.交通拥挤/他的胡子浓密。7. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.中国人口比日本多。8. The price of the book is high/low.这本书的价格很高/低。=The book is expensive/cheap.这本书很贵/便宜。(七)有些副词还可以作连词，但作副词时，常放在句末，如though, (ever) since, in case等。如：

10、She promised to phoneo I heard nothing, though，=Though she promised to phone I heard nothings她答应要打电话来，可我没听到回信儿。二、形容词、副词的比较等级(一)原级1. 用 asas, notas/ soas, the same as, suchas 弓I 导。如：Henry is a worker as good as Peter (is)0=Henry is as good a worker as Peter (is)。=Henry is such a good worker as Peter (

11、is)。Henry和Peter 一样都是好工人。Henry dose not have so/as many books as I have。Henry的书不如我的多，It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science。人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。2. as +形容词+ as +数量词=数量词+形容词。如：The building is as tall as 100 meterso=The building is 100 meters tall。这栋楼房有100米高。3. 貌

12、似同等程度比较结构的一些固定习惯用语英语中有些看似是同等程度的比较结构，实际上它们是一些固定的习惯用语。如：as long as只要，有 之久：as far as 至lj 十也点，就 而言；as soon as 就：as well as 又：as good as (=very nearly) 与几乎一样，几乎，简直。如：I will work as (so) long as I livec只要活着，我就要工作。He has experience as well as knowledgec他既有知识又有经验。（注意此句的翻译顺序）（二）比较级1 .比较急修饰语常见的有rather, much,

13、still, even, far, any （用于否定句或疑问句,a lot. a little» a great deal, by far» a bit, three times 等。如：The students study even harder than before。学生们学习比以前更努力了。2 . “the +比较级,the +比较级”表示"越，越2如:The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get。你卖的票越多，挣的钱就越多。The longer you stay, the better （

14、it will be）。你待的时间越长越好。3 .“比较级+ and +比较级”表示“越来越3如：The new city is becoming more and more beautiful0这个新城市变得越来越美丽了。4 . the +比较级+ of the two （+名词），表示“两个中的较的一个"。如：The taller of the two boys is my brother0这两个男孩中较高的那个是我哥哥。5 .用介词by表示相差的程度。如：She is taller than I by three inches（=She is three inches tall

15、er than I。）她比我高3英寸。I missed the last train by one minuteo我差一分钟没赶上最后一趟火车。6 . 一个人所具有的两种性质的比较，用morethan结构，意为“与其不如6如：Ann acts quite unfriendly。1 think she' s more shy than unfriendly。（more shy 不可变为 shyer 或 shier）Ann表现的很不友好。与其说她不友好，不如说她害羞。7 .比较的对象不能互相包容，常见的句型是：any other +单数名词all (the ) other + 复数名词比较

16、级 + than + < anyone elseany of the other + 复数名词the rest of +复数名词或不可数名词如：The Mississippi River is longer than any other river in the United States.密西西比7可比美国其他任何一条河都长。China is larger than ,any other country in Asia 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大 any country in Africa 中国比非洲任何国家都大8 .比较的对象应该相同。如:The climate here is wa

17、rmer than that of Shanghaio这里的气候比上海的好。The radios made in our factory are better than those （made） in your factory。我们工厂生产的收音机比你们厂的好。9 .注意比较结构中的省略现象在日常交际中，彼此都明白的比较对象往往省略。如：What do you think of the film?1 have never seen a better one。（后边省略了 than this film）Tom' s compositiont if not better than, is

18、at least as good as Jack, s。（后边省略了 composition） 这种省略现象制造了一定的障碍，在高考题中出现频率较高，应引起足够的重视。10 .貌似比较级的一些固定习惯用语（1） In no country other than Britain can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.只有在英国，人们才可能在一天中经历四个季节。（no-other than只有，正是。它常用来加强语气， 多用于书而语，）(2) More than one student was given awa

19、y a ticket to the concert.不止发给了一个学生去听音乐会的票。(3) His whole school education added up to no more than (= only) one year.他所受过的学校教育加起来仅仅一年。(4) He prefers to stay at home rather than go to the cinema.他宁愿待在家里，也不愿意去看电影。(5) He is far more pleased at the news.听到那个消息，他极其高兴。(三)最高级1 .最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far, near

20、ly, almostt by no means, not really, not quite, noting likea 如：The bridge being built now is by far the largest across the Yellow River。目前在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。I' d like to buy the second most expensive camera。我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。2 .否定词+比较级=最高级。如：There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down

21、 his life for his friendso为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。He has never spend a more worrying dayo他度过了最担心的一天。易错知识总结(-)表示倍数的几个句型1. times as +形容词/副词原级+ as2. times +形容词/副词比较级+ than3. times + the + 性质名词 + of 4. The + 名词 + be + times + that/those of 5. The + 名词 + be + times + what 从句如：At a rough estimate, Nigeria is t

22、hree times the size of Great Britain。= At a roughestimate, Nigeriais three times as big as GreatBritain。= At a roughestimate, Nigeriais twice bigger thanGreatBritain"粗略估算，尼日利亚的面积是大不列颠的三倍。The outputof this year is 3times that of 2007.=The outputof this year is 3times what it was in2007.今年的产量是200

23、7年的3倍:After the new technique was introduced* the factory produced twice as many tractors in 1988 as the year before。自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂1988年生产的拖拉机是上一年的2倍。(一)表示不定数量的常用表达与名词的搭配关系修饰可数名词的有(a) few, fewer» (the) fewest severaL (a good) many, a (great/large/small) number of, hundreds of, dozens of, score

24、s of, thousands of 等：修饰不可数名词的有 a bit of, (a) little» less, a great deal of, a large amount of, (the) least, much 等。修饰可数或不可数名词的有 all, a lot of, lots of, enough> plenty of, masses of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, more, most, some, any 等。如：Plenty of foreign firms have set up factor

25、ies here。许多外国公司已在此设厂。Quantities of food were spend out on the table0许多食品被摊在了桌子上。(二)具有两种形式的副词英语中有的副词兼有两种形式：一种是与形容词同形；另一种是在该形容词后而加副词词缀-ly构成。这 两种形式的副词在词义和用法上有一定的差异，有的甚至完全不同。常见的这类副词有：direct径直地，directly恰好：free自由地、免费地，freely自由自在地、随便地： flat 平坦地，flatly 直截了 当地：short 突然(=suddenly ), shortly 不久；even 甚至，evenly 平均地；clean 完全地、径直地，cleanly清洁地、干净利索地：clear隔开、不接触，clearly清晰地、明显地；close近地， closely紧密地、接近地：easy安逸地，easily容易地：dead突然地、完