初中动词不定式和动名词精讲及练习

1、中学动词不定式和动名词精讲考点 1：动词不定式1.动词不定式的形式及特点动词不定式一般由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成，有的不定式可省略to；不定式的否定形式是“ not to （do）”he asked me to play chess with him；他让我和他一起下国际象棋；带 1o1 saw a boy go across the road just no；w我观察有个男孩刚才过了公路；不带 tothe teacher told me not to be late again.老师告知我不要再迟到；否定形式动词不定式的用法2.动词不定式的用法动词不定式在句子中不能作谓语，但可以用作

2、主语、宾语、表语，定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语 ；虽不作谓语，但它可以有自己的宾语或状语；下面重点介绍几种用1不定式作宾语不定式作宾语的情形比较多，但是一般情形下，不定式只作部分动词的宾语；常常接不定式作宾语 即动词 + to do sth；结构的动词有： begn开头，care情愿，ask要求，hope期望 ，learn学会， expect期望，want想要，wish期望， forget遗忘，like 喜爱， decide打算，try 尝试， continue连续，er比较喜爱 ， pretend假装等；如i hope to see the famous scientis；t to see

3、作 hope 的宾语 我期望观察那位闻名的科学家；不定式也可以用来作某些形容词的宾语；常见的这类形容词有：ready预备好 ， anxious急于，able能够， sure肯定， glad兴奋 ， sory伤心， afraid可怕， pleased兴奋， willing 情愿等；如m glad to meet you； to meel 作 glad 的宾语 见到你很兴奋；不定式和疑问词连用作宾语；如： when to do什么时候做 ； how to do 怎样做 ； what todo做什么； why to do为什么做 ； where to do在哪丿 l 做； which to do做哪

4、一个 等；如idon' t know what to buy for my mother； what to buy 作 know 的宾语 我不知道给妈妈买什么；（ 2.）不定式用作宾语补足语）不定式用作宾语补足语， 也是在一些特定的动词之后；常接“宾语 +宾补”即动词 +sb；+ to dosth；结构动词有： ask请， force强迫，alow答应， expect期望，希望 ， invite 邀请， want要，ell告知， advise建议，help帮忙， persuade说如 joan asked mary to speakfirst ；服， permit准许等；mary 在句

5、中作宾语，to speak补充说明 mary 要做的事 琼请玛丽先说3不定式作目的状语不定式作状语，修饰动词，用于表示行为的目的，一般放在动词后面；如we ran over to welcome the new friends from the usa； to welcome 作目的状语 1我们跑过去欢迎来自美国的新伴侣；4不定式作主语 可用 it 来作形式主语，将真正主语置后to learn maths is very important；= it is very important to learn maths；学数学很重要；3；省略 to 的不定式使役动词和感官动词，后带宾语，再接不定式

6、作宾补时，主动语态时不定式要省略to，被动语态时要补上to.常考的有make sb. do sth使.某人做某事let sb. do sth；让某人做某事ake sb. do叫某人做某事have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事notice sh；do doingsth；留意某人 正在做某多see sb.do doingsth；观察某人 正在做某事 hear sb.do doingsth；听见某人 正在做某事如:1 often see him run on the roa；d 省略 to我常常观察他在路上跑步；4；不带 to 的常用句型why don' t you do sth；.

7、为什么不做某事 . why not do sth；.为什么不做某事 .would/ could you please do sth；.请你做某事，好吗 .would/ could you please not do sth；.请你不要做某事，好吗 . would rather do sth； than do sth；宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事had betternot do sth；最好 不要做某事prefer to do sth； rather than do sth；宁愿做某事，也不愿做某事考点 2 动名词1；动名词的基本形式和性质1动名词是由“动词原形加 -ing"”构成 ， 形

8、式与动词的现在分词相同 ；如：no smoking here；这里禁止吸烟；2动名词兼有动词和名词的性质；动词的性质是可以带宾语和状语，组成动名词短语；名词的性质在句子中可以充当主语、宾语等；如she is fond of collecting stamps；作宾语 她喜爱集邮；traveling abroad can be very exciting；作主语 出国旅行会是很兴奋人心的；2；常见的可接动名词的动词短语有insist on坚持 think of 想到 dream of理想 object to反对 hear of听说 look forward to 期望 feel like 想要

9、devote；to致力于 get/ be used to习 be fond of喜爱 be afraid of可怕 be tired of厌烦 succeed胜利stop；from阻挡做 keep；from 阻挡 prevent；from 阻挡做depend on依靠 spend；in 在花费 be interested in对·感爱好 be proud of以为骄傲 /骄傲 惯于 2一从各题后的四个选项中选出可以填入句中空白处的正确答案；1. she reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock.a. to have r

10、estedb. restingc. to restd. rest2. do you know the boy under the big tree.a. layb. lainc. layingd. lying3. you d better your bike at once. it is monday tomorrow, you know.a. to have, mendb. have, mendedc. have, to mendd. to have, mended4. - look. the lights in the classroom are still on.- oh, i forg

11、ot .a. turning them offb. turn them offc. to turn them offd. having turned them off5.“can t you read. ” the officer said to the notice.a. angrily pointingb. and point angrilyc. angrily pointedd. point angrily6. the computer center, last year, is very popular among the students in this school.a. open

12、b. openingc. having openedd. opened7. the policeman warned the young man after drinking.a. never to driveb. to never drivec. never drivingd. never drive8. - what s the language in new zealand.- english.a. speakingb. spokenc. be spokend. to speak9. he didn t feel like out for a walk, because he had c

13、aught a cold.a. to gob. goesc. goned. going10. paul doesn t have to be made . he always works hard.a. learnb. to learnc. learnedd. learning11. the house is not big enough for us all .a. to live inb. to be lived inc. to lived. for living in312. a clock is made for us the time.a. tellb. tellingc. to t

14、elld. tells13. you d better at home all the time. its bad for your health.a. don t stayb. no to stayc. not stayd. not staying14. the students are busy ready for the exam now.a. gettingb. getc. gotd. to get15. the mother asked the boy down the ladder, but he went on instead.a. come; climbingb. to com

15、e; to climbc. to come; climbingd. coming; climbing二语法挑选填空；sometimes you just need a quick trip to the beach. i decided 1 puerto rico. the island,2is a usa territory 地域, offers americans all the comforts of domestic 国内的 travel. but puerto rico also has caribbean beaches and latin culture along 3 wate

16、rfalls and good food and drinks.we spent fivedays4on the beach, exploring oldsan juan, hikingthrough the island's rainforest and, of cours，e thought of_5 futures.enjoying tropical 热带的 drinks as wepuerto rico 6 two kinds of seasons: wet and dry. prices tend 7 lower in the rainy months, april to n

17、ovember, but that's because you run the risk of 8 stuck inside your hotel room waiting for the rain to subside减弱 ；traveling there last fall, iknew this going in, but was willing 9my chances.we also spent a day 10 el yunque, puerto rico's famous tropical rainforest. many visitors rent a car a

18、nd made the trek 跋 涉 11 their own from san juan-it's about 30 minutes away-12 we booked a guided tour through our hotel thatincluded13 hike and swimming beneath a waterfall. there 14 several different places where you can swim, but be prepared for a bit of adventure, 15 slippery rocks and a river with a rope swing； 1. a. to tryb. tryc. tryingdtried 2. a whob. whichc. whatd. whose3.a.ofb. byc. withd. against 4.a.to relaxb.relaxc.relaxedd.relaxing 5.a. yourb. theirc. hisd.our 6.a.hasb.havec. isd.are 7.a.beingb.to bec.will bed. have been 8.a. to getb.gotc.