分析商务英语的翻译原则

1、摘要近年來，留学生论文题目商务英语作为一种交流语言,在国际贸易当中起着越來 越重要的作用 我们只有在了解商务英语的语言特点之后，才能把它翻译得更好商务英语和 普通英语并没有本质的差别，但因为使用环境的不同，它也就有了口己的商务特征商务英 语的语言特征包括它的专业性 规范性词汇的构成风格简洁紧凑和修辞特征除了了解商 务英语的语言特征之外，还必须了解商务英语的翻译原则，即：忠实准确一致性（faithfulncss, exactnoss and consistency）1.商务英语的界说很多内行或者笔者对于商务英语都做了没有同的界说作者比拟偏 偏向下而两位做的界说:business engl ish

2、 is the engl ish variant of a social function, is a branchof english for specific purpose, is english used in business occasions, and is akind of standard english containing a variety of business activities and suitingthe need of commerce- （fan feiran and zhoubin, 2006: 10）英国商务英语内行 nick brieger （199

3、7）提出 business english areas 实践：business should include ian guage knowledge, communication skills, cultural aware ness and other core con tent english used in technology imports, foreign trade, foreign - related insuranee, international transport, foreign laborservice contracts and other business act

4、ivities can be collectively referred to asbusiness english2.商务英语的言语特性2. 1 the specialization of business english vocabulary and its contentsmrs- zhang says: the biggest feature of business engli sh in vocabularyuse is using precise professional vocabulary, including a lot of professionalwords, compo

5、und words, abbreviations with business meaning and so on. （zhsngxinhong, 2003： 25）commonly used terms of prices such as f 0 b, c t f have their specificprofessional content. fob （free on board）（离岸价）is the trading means thatthe seller del ivery in the original place but the buyer is responsible for t

6、hefreight. c i f （cost, insura nee, and freight）（利润费 安全费加运输费的到岸价格）is the tradingmeans that the seller is responsible for the freight and insur-ance. others such as c. w. 0 （cash with order）（定货付款）,b/l （bil 1 of lad-ing）（提货单），l/c （letter of credit）（信誉证）， c. 0. d （cash on delivery）（货到付现），w. p. a （with

7、particular average）（水渍险）， blue chip（蓝筹股,绩优股），bad debt （呆帐）and so on. in international trade, there are also a lot ofother terms, such as quotation and offer（扌艮盘和发盘），terms of payment （付款环境）,involvingmany ways such as m/t（mai 1 transfer）（汇款）， t/t（telegraphictransfer）（电汇），d/d （documents against payment

8、）（付款交单），d/a （documentsagainst acceptance）（承兑交单）and so on. tn business of export and import, document is necessary, often including commercial invoice（生 意发单），bi 11 oflading （货票）,insurance policy 全单）,draft/bill of exchange（券别），perfor-ma invoice （方式发单）,customs invoice（偏关发单）,certificate of origin （产地单据）

9、, inspection certificate（检考证书）,packing 1 ist（装箱单）,license（答应证）and so on. besides, the terms are used to reflect the indicators of macroe-conomic development, mainly including gdp （gross domestic product）（国际消费总值）,gnp（gross national product）（公民消费总值），nnp（net nationalproduct）（公民消费净值）and n1 （national inc

10、ome）（公民支出）.among these, gdp is the widely used. for example, even when the united states reaped apeace dividend of more than 2 percent of gdp in reduced defense spendingafter 1990, it cut, rather than in creased, foreig n- assista nee spe nding as ashare of national income. （the economist/july 14th

11、2001） （1990 年当前增添国防收入 给美国带來的战争花红髙达gdp的百分之二即便正在这种情况下，美国对于外支援收入止 在公民支出屮的对比也没有进步，相同却降落了）if these professional terms aren t known, it is impossible to translatebusiness english well.business english vocabulary not only has its basic meaning and specificprofessional content, but also has different meanin

12、gs in the different scenes.for example, 1iquidity: basical 1y, this is the abi 1 i ty of a company to repay itsshort- termdebts it is usual ly measured by the current ratio （current assets 3current 1 iabi 1 ities）for companies with high stock levels, the so- cal led quickrat io may be more relevant

13、since this excludes stocks from the current assets.（活动性,实践上是指一个公司归还短期债权的威力,一 般用活动比匝（活动财产总额3活动欠债总额）来权衡对于存货对比大的公司而言，所谓的 速动比重能够更实用，由于速动比重是以活动财产总额减存货除以活动欠债而求得）tn the example, the stock does not refer to its basiemeaning, but in a newcontext, it has another meaning. in business english text, there are ot

14、her examples of that the same wordcan be interpreted in different meanings according to different contexts suchas: （1） just as in that year, when those catastrophes were followed by sub-stantial increases in insurance premiums, insures are already lobbying for raterelief.就像那年的状况一样，大灾以后安全金大宽度进步，现正在安全

15、公司曾经正在 游说指望减轻中央税 here, insures means insurance company .（安全公司）（2） during the 1980 s the large premiums paid in acqui si tion often re-sul ted in prices that greatly exceeded the value of tangible asset.20而年80时代，并购中领取的大额溢价往往招 致价钱远远超越有形财产的价格here, large premium in chinese means 大额溢价 .（3） liquidity refe

16、rs to the ability of investors to exchange a financial asset, such as a bond or a share, for cash财产 折现力是指注资者将公债券或者股票等金融财产转换为现金的能力here, financial asset means the ability of cash .（现金的威力）（4） place goods in bond.将（未完税的）产 品取出关栈 here, bond in chinese means 关栈 in addition, it is common for bus in essmen t

17、o use slang in oral speaki ng. tra nslators should pay more attention to slang and to clarify them so as to e-1 iminate obstacles during communicating such as: （5） as 1 was about to say, 1 move that we table the discussion until ournext meeting when everyone is present.我提议将议论推早退下次每集体都加入宴会时再停止here, m

18、ove means suggest （捉议）,table the discussion means to postpone the meeting（推延议论）（6） can you come down a little?你能再升高小半价钱吗? here, come down means knock down the price （抬高价钱）2.2 the standardzation and formalization of business english vocabu-lary in language style商人总是把频率放正在首位，因为，为了到达某个手段，容易易懂的语汇 就被少暈地使

19、用另一个缘ii就是生意运动屮消息的流传形式没有断被以为是最主要的因 为容易易懂的单纯词也就能协助单方更好地交流 相似：complex or rarewords simplewordsaccount for by the fact that caused byadd the point that add thatat a price of $10 at $10attempts trydeliberation thoughtin the majority of cases mosttangible realvisualize see商务英语使川正在没有同的国内商务运动屮 商业交换的 单方没有只仅要

20、表现对于等互惠的准则，异样也蕴含很好的竞争联系因而，有多余保证商 务英语的国内通用性，要被大众承受，没有要太书而语化它的言语风格也该当介于止式和 征询之间因为有些过火容易化和书面语化的介词和副词，比方：because, about, if, like, for and so on将被匡正式的介词短语接替 比方：on the grounds that, with reference to, in the event/case of, in the nature of, for the purpose of and so on. 书而语 屮罕川的名词短语，比方：go on, add to,将会被匡

21、正式的单个名词取代 比方：continue, supplement.商务英语的言语格调正在没有同的场所有没有同的变迁 没有如牛意函件，归于 书血英语，因为也就匡止式些但眼前的停滞趋向是更容易的更活泼的单纯词被少量运用， 手段是使信函中的语气听兴起更敌对于 更自然for example, use we try to choose our trading partncrs careful ly. in-stead of we cndeavor to choose our trading partners with discretion.然而正在生意合约中，一些匡正式并且没有罕见的单纯词被运用，使合

22、 约显示更规范 更有束缚力 for example, using expi ry but not end , using certifybut not prove and so on牛意合约归于纪律资料标准性言语的使它存止在了那种纪律上的特 色 相似：whereas(+1 于)，nowtherefore(特此，兹特)，inwitnessthwhere of (兹证实) 之类 whereas, a desires to export to b the goods as specified i n exhibi ta therefore (hereinafter called the goods

23、) ; and whereas, b desires to importthe goods from a. now, therefore, a and b hereby agree a follows.(鉴于本方乐意向乙方入口本合约 备件a中规则的物件(以次职称 产品 八h.由于乙方乐意从木方出口上述产品，因而，木 方和乙方特赞成订立下列条目：)(2) 1nwitnesswhrer0f, the parties hereto have caused this agree-ment to be executed by their respective representatives on the

24、 date first abovewritten.(兹证实，本协定山单方各自专人正在上述协商日子签定)2.3 the conciseness and tightness of business english sentence 简明表现正在容易句式排偶 句式和短的化合句式的运用上 forexample, we are delighted to receive your letter of november 18 askingwhether we can supply you with art. no 6120.(很庆幸收到你方 11 月28 h来信讯问我方可否供给6120货号货物)于是，简明也

25、表现止在缩略字母的运用上 千万,这种缩略必需为单方所肯定 such as a/c (account), encl (enclosure), fyi (for your information) and t. r. 0. (in respect of).简明的句子无助于于生意消息的流传, 因为止在牛意信函中起着主耍的作用它便当快速，更主要的是，它无效地防止了曲解we are a dealership chain specializing in personal computers. we werefirst established in hong kong in 1980. we now hav

26、e a steady clientele inboth the business and educational sectors.本公司是一家主营计算 的特许经售连锁商 本公司于1980年缔造于 香港木公司现部分流动存户触及生意和文化畛域卞面的这三个句子，每个都有它金鸡独立 的意义经过防止运川长句，它所抒发的意义更间接，了解兴起更易明确商务英语的论理松 散性次要表现正在长句化合句排偶句的运用上再有其余纪律资料，比方合约(1)force majeure ( expected risks ) shall mean an occurrenee beyondcontrol and without th

27、e fault or negligence of the party affected including, butnot limited to war, hosti1ities (whether war to be declared or not), invasion, actof foreign enemies, rebel 1 ion, revolution, insurrection or mi 1itary or usurpedpower, civil war, strikes, riots, commotion or disorder, earthquakes, or anysim

28、ilar operation of forces of nature as are not within the control of the partyaffected and which, by the exercise of reasonable di 1igenee the said party isunable to prevent or provide against.(译 文：没有可抗力(除危险外)是指当事人没有能掌握和没有差错或者差错的偶尔事情，喪括但 没有只仅只限和平战争行止(没有管能否宣战)骚扰内奸的言论叛乱反动举事或者军 事或者篡权行止内乱复工战乱动乱或者紊乱地动或者相似

29、的做作力气惹起的事情该 署事是当事者没有能掌握或者虽经过恰当奋力亦无奈预防或者拥护的)(2) al 1 disputes arising out of the performanee of, or relating to the con-tract, shall be set tied amicably through n egot iat ion. in case no settlement canbe submitted to the foreign economic and trade arbitration commission ofthe china counci 1 for the

30、 promotion of international trade, beijing, china, forarbitration in accordance with its provisional rules of procedure. the arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties.(凡是因施行本合约相关的所有争议，单方应经过敌对于商量处理，应提交 北京中国国内贸易推进委员会対于外经济贸易仲裁委员会，依据该会仲裁顺序暂行规定 停止仲裁 仲裁是结局性的,对于单方都有束缚力)the logic expression is p

31、rominently featured in business engl i sh docu-mc nts and con tracts, especially in the express i on about time and number. e g(1) the goods shal 1 be shipped per m v dong feng on november loand are due to arrive at rotterdamin 140 days.产品须于 11 月 10 日装 上 西风 号货轮，并正在140天内到达鹿特丹港here, it must use the pr

32、eposition in to express the meaning about sev-eral days later rather than the preposition after because the prepositionafter can not exact!y define the day on which day the good s will arrive. (2) party a shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect anyaccount on and after september 20. 一经答应，正在 9 月 20 号以后(含 20 号)， a方无权承受任何订单或者者募集任何资金(3) our terms are cash within three months,1. e. on or before may 1.请正在三个月之内(正在5月1日事先囊括5月1日)付i乞 咱们的货款(4) party a shall pay party b a monthly salary of us $ 500 (say fivehundred us dollars only) a 方每月须向 b 方领取 500 美元的报酬 in business english lett