名词形容词副词复习

1、A.个体名词, B.集体名词, C.物质名词, D.抽象名词,如如如如一般在词尾直接加-s,如books,boys 等 o以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词后加 等。以辅音字母加"y”结尾的名词,-es,如 buses, boxes , watches变“y”为“i”，再加.es,如名词复习语言实践与内容梳理：一、名词的种类名词分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词指某个人、 地方、机厢等好定名词，如Lucy , Beijing 普通名词一加殳指一类人 或东西，或是一个抽象的概念的名称。从四方面掌握worker, book 等；family , class 等;glass, coffee 等；

2、life, love等。其中个体名词和集体名词合成为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词合成为不可数名词。名词的数 不可数名词，包括物质名词和抽象名词，从某种意义不能计 数，只有单数形式。可数名词，包括个体名词和集体名词，通常有单 复数的区别。可数名词的复数形式一般在单数后面加s构成，加-s 词尾的主要方式有以下几 点：family families, story stories,citycities 等。以f, fe结尾的名词通常变f,以为v,让后再加knife- knives, wife一 wives等。（注意：以o结尾的名词变复数，不同的语 咨教材对此规定不一。为记 忆方便，一般认为：初中教材常

3、见的单 词， 如 tomatotomatoes, potato potatoeso 其他 photo photos, radio radios ,piano pianos, kilo kilos ,zoo zoos 等。）少数名词有不规则复数形式，如： man men, womanwomen, foot feet, child children, tooth teeth, mouse mice 等。一些名词单复数形式相同，如 Chinese, Japanese eer, sheep, people, cattle, fish 等。还有些名词通常以复数形式出现，如clothes, glasses

4、, thanks, noodles 等。在two men doctors, some women eurse这s类短语中更要注意此处的 men, women的用法 问题了。二、名词的格名词的格，分主格、宾格以及所有格。名词主宾格在句 法上没有拼写区别，一般不作为学习的重点。名词的所有格指 有些名词可以在后面加s来表示所有关系。如露西的书包,Lucy' sbag o bookso Nurses1 Day Teachers' Day名词的所有格一般在后面加s,如上例，还有一些其他表现形式一个名词如其复数形式以s结尾，直接在S后打，如 the students'如其复数形式特

5、唳，不以s结尾，在后加s,如Children 1 Dsayo Mother ' s Day the teacher ' s desk如一个东西为两者共有，只在第二者后加 s表现为AandBI例This is Lily and Lucy 1 rsoom.如两鲁分别拥有，则分别加，s表现为A' asndB，s如These areLily ' asnd Lucy 1 rsooms名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的东西的名词但如表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体等无生命的名词，也可以用亭后加/勺方法，如 ten minutes 1 walk, today ' s ne

6、ws, the People1 s cinema凡不能力口 飞的名词，都可以与of构成所有 关系，如the map of China, the name of themovie等。双重所有格是一种特殊形式，of结构与名词所有格飞结合使用，如a friend of my father rSo of加名词性物主代词也可以构成双重所有格,如 a friend of mine。三、加后缀变名词川ness sicknessA. adj+ness变成名词goodness sadness blindness kindnessrichness fitnessdarkness happy-happinessug

7、ly-uglinessbusy-business lazy-lazinessB. V+ion变成名词attract-attractionact-action collect-collectioninstruct-instructiondiscuss-discussion suggest-suggestionprotect-protectionconnect-connectioninvent-inventiondecide-decisionpollute-pollutioneducate-educationinvite-invitationrealize-realizationdonate-do

8、nation celebrate-celebrationoperate-operationorganize-organizationintroduce-introductionpronounce-pronunciation*describe-description compete-competition CV+ing变成名词meet-meeting clean-cleaning wash-washing feel-feeling paint-paintingspell- spellingtrain-trainingskate- skating ski-skiingswim-swimmingbe

9、gin-beginningsay-saying end-ending mean-meaninghunt-huntingdive-divinghike-hiking ride-riding cycle-cyclingshop-shoppingjog-joggingD V/adj +th变成名词 high-height,weigh-weight, long-length,grow-growth, warm-warmth (hotheat,beautiful-beauty, proud-pride, dangerous-danger,safe-safety, deaddeath, angry-ang

10、er, hungry hungerserve-servicepossible-possibility)E +er/or构成名词1 .力口 er: speaker, teacher, farmer reporter,waiter2 . 双些t司尾力口 er: winner,beginner, runner, swimmer3 .有 e 力口 匚writer, dancer4 .力口 or: vis计or, actor director,editor inventor, sailor,survivor5 . 力口 (r)ess, actress,hairdress, waitress6 .力口 i

11、st: science-scientist piano- pianist tour-tourist art-artist type-typist四、名词加后缀变形容词careful/less useful/less cheerful/less colorful/less helpful/less homeful/less hopeful/less harmful/less meaningful/less thoughtful/less thankful/less powerful/tasteful/tasteless (tasty) wonderful delightful grateful-

12、ungrateful successfulunsuccessful peaceful- unpeaceful endless noisy-noiseless形容词加前缀构成反义词1 un-ablecomfortable countable friendly grateful happy helpful healthy kind known like lovely lucky natural necessary selfish thankful usual welcome willing certain popular important 2in- activecomplete correct

13、formal 3.ir-regularsleepless (sleepy)4.im- polite possible patient5.dis- abled like honest appear agree六、名词变形容词A单词+y变成形容词health-healthy luck-lucky rain-rainy snow-snowy wind-windy cloud-cloudy sleep-sleepy frost-frosty mist-misty noise-noisy taste-tasty shine-shiny shining ice-icy sun-sunny fun-funn

14、y fog-foggyB 方位名词 +ern 构成形容词 eastern southern, western, northern, 七、形容词变副词（1）直接加ly ,especially carefully excitedly polit ely mostly, recently （注，总: true-truly）以Ie结尾的形容词去e加y构成副词possible-possibly simple- simply probable-probably comfortable-comfortably terrible-terribly suitable- suitably able-ably ge

15、ntle-gentlynoisy-noisily以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为i加ly happy-happily heavy-heavily healthy-healthily lucky-luckily angry-angrily（4） good-well（better,best）near weekly既可作形容词也可作副词的单词Well hard early fast high wide close（6） compare （比较 1）: true- truly ,safe-safely（adj宽广的;compare （比较 2） : hard （adj 困难的 /adv 努力） har

16、dly （ adv.几乎不）widea wide road）（adv广阔地，全力地 open your mouth wide） widely（adv.广泛地，English is used widely） close （adj/adv 靠近的, 亲密的，接近）sit close to, a close friend closely （adv.紧密）work closely with UNICEFdeep adj 深的 a deep holeadv.深地 dig a hole deepdeeply adv.深深地（感情）I was moved deeply by the story.（7）注意：

17、有些单词有ly,它不是副词，而是一个形容词friendly 5 lovely, likely （可能的）,lively lonely,elderly,用在系动词之后,名词之前。八、形容词副词的比较级和最高级（一）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成:1 .单音节词和少数双音节词比较级和最高级的规则变化:规则原级比较级最局）级1 .在词尾后直接加- er/esttall stricttallertallest2.词尾是e,只加-r/stnicenicernicest3.以辅苜字母加y结尾 的，把y变i再加c/cc+happy tiny sillyhappierhappiest4.重读闭音节，末尾只

18、有一个辅音字母，双 写这个辅音字母，再fin八“/八八4thin sad fat slimthinnerthinnest2.其他双音节词或多音节词，在该词前面加-more/most beautifulmorebeautiful (the) most beautiful3 .由形容词加ly构成的双音节词和多音节词，都是在该词前加- more/most. quickly more quickly (the) most quickly difficultly 一more difficultly (the) most difficultly4 .不规则变化：good/wellbetterbestbad

19、/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar oldfarther/ further older/elderfarthest/ furthest oldest/eldest二）形容词比较级和最高级的用法：1 .原级的用法：用于两者之间对比，意思为“和相同”A+v.+as.+形容词原级 +as B Tom is as honest as Jack. Her skin is aswhite as snow. My dog is as old as that one. He is not as (=so) tall as I. The

20、 weather here is not as(=so)cool as the weather in Harbin.2 .比较级的用法：1) A+形容词比较级 +than+ B Susan is happier than Jane. His brother is two years younger than me. Beijing is more beautiful than Osaka.形容词比较级前还 可以用 much, even, still, a little , far, a lot, a bit, much /far more 来修饰。Very, so, too, quite不能修

21、饰比较级，只能加原级。2)数字+形容词比较级+thanI m two years older than you.She is a head taller than me.3)比较级+and+比较级，表示"越来越 "The earth is gettingwarmer and warmer. China becomes more and more beautiful4）the +比较级，the +比较级结构,表示“越就越” The more I study it, the more I like it.5) which/who +is + 比较级,A or B? Which

22、city is bigger, Beijing or Tianjin?Who is happier, you or me?6) the + 比较级(one )of the twoLily is the taller (one)of the twoDaniel chose the cheaper (one)of the two wathches.7) a+比较级+单数或比较级+复数I m sorry. This dress is too expensive. Do you have a cheaper one? These trousers are too short. Would you li

23、ke to show me longer ones?8) much , far, even,a little 等 + 比较级Today is foggy. And I ' m afraid tomorrow will be much foggier. You will have a even tastier meal tonight than yesterday evening.3.最覆级用法：1）用于三者及以上的人或事物的比较，最高级前加the,最高级前 有物主代 词，序数词和名词所有格时，不加定冠词.Most people like apples.Most of the boys

24、are good.It is our nearest neighbor in space.2）最高级后面跟带in （在某范围内）或of （同一种事物或人）表范围的短语。Mum is always the busiest in my family.Mum is always the busiest of usIn spaceOf the planets3） oneofthe+最高级+名词复数Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities of the ten cities. Our city is one of the safest cities in

25、the world.4） the +序数词+最高级+名词单数Chang Jiang is the first longest river in China, the second highest building5最高级、比较级、原级之间的转换：例句最iWj级She is the best in her class.比较级She is better than any other student in her class. She is better than the other students in her class.She is better than all her other classmates .She is better than any other of her classmates . No other student in her class is better than she.原级