初中英语三大从句-总结

1、学习必备欢迎下载一.宾语从句object clause：一. 定义 definition：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句；二. 连接词 connections：that:i think that you can pass the exam. whether/if: i dont know what the word means. “wh ”:i dont know what the word means.i dont know where he found the book.只用 whether 的情形：1. 与 or not 连用：i dont know whether its rai

2、ning or not.2. 与动词不定式连用：he doesnt know whether to accept the invitation.3. 连接词前有介词时：it depends on whether he is coming.三. 时态 tenses:1. 主句是一般现在时态，从句依据实际情形而定各种时态均可 she wants to know what he has done for the exam.2.主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态；1） she said that she was a student.2） she said that she would fly

3、to japan in a week. 3）she said that she had finished her homework already.3. 假如宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态；the teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.二.定语从句attributive clause ：1. 定义：在复合句中修饰名词、代词的从句叫定语从句2. 先行词指人who /that先行词指物which/ that3. 定语从句一般紧跟被修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）后4.关系代词代替先行词在句子中担当成分，所以

4、从句中不行再显现其他代替先行词的代词5.翻译方法“ . 的”eg.1. yesterday we bought a book which is really hard to understand.2. the students who are from maple leaf school like learning english.whom: 先行词指人， 就代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语（包括介词的宾语） ,与 who 的区分是假如前面带介词就必需用whom1. this is the teacher whomwho we like best.2. i dont like the boy t

5、o whom you are talking.whose : 指人或物，作定语，表示“ 的”eg: harry is the boy whose mother is our math teacher.学习必备欢迎下载关系代词只能that的特别情形 :1.先行词前有序数词修饰时：this is the first gift that my parents bought me.2.先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时：this is the most exciting film that i have ever seen.3. 先行词是不定代词something, anything等时.e.g.is th

6、ere anything that you want in this shop4. 先行词是人和物时 , 用 that.e.g. he talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.5. 先行词被 all , little , the only , the very就是，正是 , the last 等词修饰时 ,只能用 thate.g.this is the last place that i want to visit.6. 特别疑问句以 who 或 which 开头，只能用 that 引导.who is th

7、e girl that is making a speech on the platform.当关系代词前使用介词时：物+介词+which ;人+介 词 + whom当关系代词前使用介词时：e.g.1. this is the train by which we went to beijing.2. this is the teacher to whom my mother is talking.三.状语从句： adverbial clauses定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词）、定语或状语，或是整个句子；状语从句一般分为八大类时间状语从句 地点

8、状语从句缘由状语从句 目的状语从句结果状语从句 条件状语从句方式状语从句 让步状语从句1. 时间状语从句when-当时候 , 通常指某一特定的时间点，主句与从句的动作同时发生；when i opened the window, i saw him come up.when -正在的时候，突然；通常主句是进行时或be about to 时，在翻译的时候， when 可以译成没想到或突然；i was walking along the street , when i met him.when 当从句是进行时，主句是一般时，往往表示不满；someone knocked at the door whe

9、n i was having breakfast. when=afterwhen the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.while - 在期间，往往指一段时间；while we were in america, we saw him twice.学习必备欢迎下载while - 表示一种不满心情，意思是这边在干某种重要的事，而另一边在享受等；we are cleaning the classroom while they are playing the football.as - 一边一边, 随着she wa

10、s doing her homework as she was listening to the music.as - 当时，指一个动作紧接着一个动作发生，从句通常用进行时；as i was going out, it began to rain.the moment - 一就=as soon as , immediately,-did you remember to give mary the money you owed her.-yes, i gave her the moment i saw her.notuntil -直到才he didn t leave the office unh

11、teilbefore - 在之前finished the work.the passengers should arrive at the airport an hour before the flight departs.after -在之后the customer left the ticket counter after he had a quarrel with the ticket agent.since -自从, 通常主句用现在完成时i have never been there again since i graduated from the university. it is

12、just a week since we arrived here.as soon as -一就jack went to school as soon as he got well.no sooner than - 一就no soonerthan hardlywhen scarcelywhen用于 句首要求倒装no sooner had he arrived than he went away again.once-一但就once you see him, you will never forget him.every time, each time 每次 whenever 每当each ti

13、me he came to town, he would visit our school.2. 条件状语从句引导状语从句的连接词有: if 假如, unless除非, as long as只要, as so far as - 据所知，in case万一, provided that 假如, on condition that如是，以为条件if - 假如if you don t hurry ,uypou will miss the plane.unless - 假如不 , 除非=if notwe can t get there on time unlewsesas long as - 只要bo

14、ok the earliest flightwe will succeed as long as we keep on trying.as so far as - 据所知as far as i know, he speaks english very well.in case - 假使, 假如the plane cannot take off in case it rains.学习必备欢迎下载provided that 假如,有时省略thatthe plane will be in good condition provided that it is taken care of careful

15、ly.on condition that - 条件是he said that he would come to the meeting on condition that no one asked him to speak.注:主从句的动作发生在将来时，就主句用将来时, 从句用一般现在时；if he arrives tomorrow, i will be waiting for him at the airport.3.地点状语从句地点状语从句只有两个连词: where, wherever where -在地方where there is a will, there is a way.wher

16、ever -无论哪里wherever you are, i will be right there waiting for you.4.缘由状语从句because, as, since, now that,和 considering that, seeing that 这六个连词都用于表示表示缘由 , 但在语气上一个比一个弱.because - 由于 ,通常从句放在主句后 .mr smith was very upset becausehe couldn t find his lugg.ageas - 由于 , 通常放在句首as he is honest and modest, all his

17、 friends like him.since -既然因语气较弱 , 常译为既然 众所周知的缘由 since everybody has come, we can set off.now that -既然now that you are here, you can join us.considering that - 顾及到considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job.seeing that - 由于seeing that quite a few people were absent, we

18、decided to put the meeting off.5.结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词有：that, so that, sothat suchthatsothat -太以至于 so 后面应用形容词或副词 , 有时省略 so只用 thatboeing 747 is so large that people like to call it jet bomb喷气炸弹 .so that - 因而，以便，为了有时 so 可以省去speak louder please so that the people at the back can hear you.suchthat- - 太以至于用法

19、与 sothat相同，但 such 后面应用名词；the foreign visitor was such a fast speaker that nobody could understand him.6.目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的主要连词有: that, so that, in order that, for fear that, lest so that - 以便, 从句中经常使用一些情态动词，如：can, could, may, might,学习必备欢迎下载should等let s take the front seats so twhaet may see more clearl

20、y.in order that -为了, 与 so that相同从句中经常使用一些情态动词， 如：can, could, may, might, should等school was closed early in order that the children might go home ahead of the storm.for fear that -生怕;为了防止 某事发生 he took the name down for fear that he should forget it.in case-万一you should bring a dictionary in case you

21、need it.lest - 以防万一the man decided to tell his boss the fact lest he would be angry with him.7. 让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：although, though, as, even if, even though, no matter, however, whatever, while, whether.although, though -虽然 although和 though 可以互换，但 although 常放在句首； though 可以用于倒装；although it was raining, the plane managed to take off. though he did his best, he didn t succeed.as - 尽管as 引导让步状语从句时，句子通常倒装；可与though 互换；busy as he is, he n