初中英语语法3：情态动词专项

1、中学英语语法 3 情态动词专项中学英语情态动词用法归纳情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没有人称和数的变化，情态动词后必需跟动词原形；考点一： can， could, may，must 等情态动词的用法：1. can 的用法：（1）.表示才能、许可、可能性；表示才能时一般译为 “能、会 ”， 即有种才能，特别是生来具备的才能， 此时 may 和 must 均不行代替它；如： she can swim fast, but i can她能t游.得很快，但我不能；i can see with my eyes. 我用眼睛看；（2） .表示许可，常在口

2、语中；如： you can use my dictionary.你可以用我的字典；（3）.表示估计， 意为“可能”， 常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时 cant译为“ 不行能 ”；如： can the news be true.这个消息会是真的吗？can it be ourteacher.那个人有可能是我们老师吗？no, itcanbt eour teacher. he is on a visit to the great wall不.长城呢；可能；咱们老师正在游玩【例题】 i think miss gao must be in the library. she said she would go

3、 there. no. she be there, i have just been there.a. can tb.mustn tc.needn td.wouldnt【解析】依据下文 “我刚去过那儿 ”可知，应为 “ 不行能 ”， cant表示估计答案 a2. could的用法：（1） .can 的过去式，意为 “ 能、 会”，表示过去的才能；如： he could write poems when he was 10.他十岁时就会写诗；（2） .could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could 没有过去式的意思；如:could you do me a favour.你能帮我个忙吗？

4、could i use yourpen. 我能用一下你的钢笔吗. yes, you can 可.3. may 的用法：（1） .表示恳求、许可，比can 正式以；（留意回答）如： may i borrow your bike.我可以借你的自行车吗？you may go home now. 现在你可以回家了；中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第 1 页【例题】 i borrow your mp3. sure . here you are.a. mayb.s hould c.must d. would【解析】在此处表示恳求，意为 “做 可以吗 ”；答案： a(2) .表示估计，谈论可能性，意为“ 可

5、能，或许”，一般用于确定句中；如： it may rain tomorrow .明天可能会下雨；she may be at home.她可能在家呢 .(3) .may 的过去式为 might，表示估计时；可能性低于may；如： he is away from school. he might be sick.他离开学校了，可能是他生病了；(4) .表示期望、祈求、希望，常可译为“希望”；通常是用may +主+v例如： may you have a good time. 祝你过得开心；may you be happy. 祝你幸福！may you succeed！祝你胜利！4. must 的用法：

6、1.must 表示主观看法，意为 “必需、肯定 ”；如：you must stay here until i come back在.我回来之前你必需呆在这儿；must i hand in my homework right now.我必需现在交作业吗？2其否定形式 mustnt表示“ 肯定不要”千“万别 ”禁“止,不许” .如： you mustnt play with fire. 你不许玩火；you mustn t be lat你e.肯定不要迟到；（3）对 must 引导的疑问句，确定回答为 must，否定回答为 neednt或don t have t.o如： must i finish m

7、y homework. 我现在必需完成作业吗？no, you needn 不t.，你不必；4must 表示有把握的估计，用于确定句；如: the light is on, so he must be at home now灯.留意其反意问句的构成形式：亮着，他现在确定在家；当 must 表示确定的判定、 估计时， 其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成；如： she must have seen the film before， hasnt she.留意反意疑问句 的后半部分 you must have met uncle wang in the shop yesterda，y didn t

8、you. 留意反意疑问句的后半部分5. need的用法 ：中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第 2 页（1） .need 表示需要、必需，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为 needn，t意为“没有必要，不必 ”； 用 need 提问时，确定回答为must，否定回答为needn或t don t havteo；如： need i stay here any longer.我仍有必要留在这儿吗？yes, you must 是.的；no. you needn t /dont hav不e，to. 你不必；2.need 仍可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，假如是人作主语后边多接动词不定式；如

9、： i need to do it right now. 我需要立刻做这件事；he needs to learn more about the gir他l.需要多明白那个女孩；假如是物作主语， 一般用 need doing 与 need to be done这种情形下应留意两点：.主动形式的动名词doing 具有被动的含义；.该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变；例如：. the door needs painting. = the door needs to be painted那. 扇门需要油漆一下；your car needs mending. = your car n

10、eeds to be repaired. 你的车需要修理了；6. dare 的用法：dare 意为 “敢、敢于 ” ,用法近似于 need，有两种词性：（1） ） dare 作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中， 无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时；如： dare he tellthem what he knows. 他敢告知他们所知道的情形吗？i daren t ask hwerill youdo it for me.我可不敢问她， 你能帮我问问吗？（2） dare 作为实义动词，此时有人称、数准时态的变化；如： he doesnt dare to break his p

11、mroise.他不敢食言；留意：在口语中， dare 的各种形式常与不带to的不定式连用；如： do you dare tell her what i said.你敢告知她我说的话吗？i didn t dare look at 我him不.敢看他；7. shall 的用法：shall 表示征求对方看法（多用于第一、三人称）， 如： shall we go out for a walk. 我们出去漫步好吗？在英语中， 我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方看法；(1). 用“ let's do.”来提出建议；如： let's go for a walk after sup

12、per.(2). 用“ what/how about.”来提出建议； about 后接名词或动词ing中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第 3 页形式；如： what about/how about a drink.what about/how about taking tom with us.(3). 用“ whynot.”来提出建议，表示“何不”not 面后接动词原形；“why not.”实际上是“ why don't you/we.”的简略形式；如： why not meet at the school gate at eight. why don't we stay he

13、re another day.(4). 用“ wouldyou like.”来提出建议，意思是“你想要吗.”would you like 后可接名词或不定式；如： would you like a cup of tea.would you like to go and see her.因此，假如我们说： “去游泳好吗 .”英语中可有这样几种表达法： shall we go for a swim.let's go for a swim， shall we.what about/how about going swimming. why not go for a swim.would yo

14、u like to go for a swim.what do you think of going for a swim.8. should的用法：（1） .should 意为“应当” ，可表示劝说、建议、义务、责任等；如： we should protect the environment.我们应当爱护环境；（2） should have done表示对过去动作的批判、批判；如： you should have finished your homework.你应当已经完成作业了； （事实上你没有完成； ）9. will的用法：will 表示意愿、意志、准备，可用于多种人称；如：i will

15、 help you if im free this af今ter天no下on午. 假如我有空， 我就会帮你；留意：1、will 在 there be句型中的形式及其句式变换；由于“一般将来时” 的结构可以用 “will+ 动词原形” 来表示，所以 there be 句型的一般将来时的形式就是 there will be；（肯定不能说 there will have）例如：there are many students in our school.there will be many students in our school.中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第 4 页there will b

16、e a sports meeting next week. 肯定不能说： there will havea sports meeting next week.2、will与 be going to do sth区分：. be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情， will表示的将来时间就较远一些，如： he is going to write a letter tonight. he will write a book one day. be going to 表示依据主观判定将来确定发生的事情，will 表示客观上将来势必发生的事情；he is seriously ill. he

17、 is going to die. he will be twenty years old. be going to 含有“方案，预备”的意思，而will就没有这个意思，如： she is going to lend us her book.he will be here in half an hour.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用be going to, 而多用 will,如： if any beasts comes at you, i'll stay with you and help you10. had better 的用法：had better最“好”，没有人称和数的变化，

18、 后面接动词原形， 其否定形式为： had better not do；如： we had better go now.我们最好现在就走；you had better not give the book to him你.考点二：含有情态动词的疑问句的回答最好不要把这本书给他；1.对 may引出的问句， 可以有以下回答方式： 确定回答： yes, you may.yes, ofcourse.yes, certainly.sure .否定回答： no,you mustn t.no, you can t.2.对 must 引出的疑问句，回答方式为：yes,must.no,needn t/ don t

19、 have to.3. could 在疑问句中， 表示委婉的语气， 此时 could没有过去式的意思；如:could you do me a favour. 你能帮我个忙吗？ could i use your pen.我能用一下你的钢笔吗 .yes, you can.可以；（留意回答）4. shall 引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方看法或客气的恳求；其回答方式有以下几种：yes, please. all right.no, thank you.中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第 5 页5. would you的回答方式有以下几种：yes, i will. no, i won t.sur

20、e . i m sorry , i can t. all right/ ok/ with pleasure.certainly. no, thank you . yes, please.【例题】 would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to lily. .a.that s right b.with pleasurec.it doesnt mattedr.no trouble【解析】 a.“对了” ，b.“乐 意效劳 ”, c.案： b考点三 :不怜悯态动词的否定意义也不同：没“ 关 系 ” d.“不费事 ”；答1.（1） .can 可t译为

21、 “不会”， 如： i can t play basketbal我l.球；（2）当句子表估计时，用cant表达不行能，不会打篮如： he can t be ill. he is playing chess with tom他.和 tom 下棋呢；不行能病了，他正（3） cant仍可用来回答 “ may i.这”样 的问句；如：may i come in .我可以进来吗？ no, you mustnt. / can不，你t.不能；（4） cant仍可用于固定习语中； cant help doing禁不住，情不自禁cant wait to doths迫不及待如： she cant help cry

22、ing她.不禁大哭起来； the children cant wait toopen the box. 孩子们迫不及待地想打开盒子；2. may 的否定式为may not，译成 “ 可能不 ”，如： he may not be at home. 他或许不在家；3.（1） mustn t表示不许，不行；如： he mustnt leave his room他.不许离开他的房间；you mustn t talk inascsl . 你们不行以在课上说话；2 mustn 也t可用于以may 表示要求时的否定回答中；如： mayistand here.我可以站在这里吗？no,youmustntcan

23、t 不.，不行；4.（1） needn t意为 “ 不必”；如： you neednt meet him unless youd你lik不e 需to.要见他，除非你情愿；中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第 6 页（2） neednt+have+ 动词的过去分词，表不需要完成但已完成的动作，暗含时间或精力上的铺张；如：you neednt have bought it 你.没必要买它（但你却买了） ；5. shouldn表示t不应当；如： you shouldn t feel so unhappy over such little thing对s.于这种小事， 你不应当感到这么不兴奋；考点四 :

24、情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词 + be + done 动词的过去分词 ；做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面；如： you neednt get upo searly every day.你不必每天都起这么早；she shouldn t speak to her mother in that w她ay不.妈说话；应当用那种方式和妈more and more trees must be planted in china.在中国必需种植更多的树木；many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away

25、 from us 很. 多星星我们都看不到，由于它们离我们太远了；考点五 :情态动词表示估计的用法:一、“情态动词 +动词原形”表示对现在的估计；1、can 表示估计时一般用于否定句或疑问句；如： that man cant be her husbandshe is still single. who is knocking at the door.can it be the postman.2、must 表示确定的估计，一般用于确定句中；如： he must be in his office now.mr li must be working now ， for the lights in

26、his office are still on.3、might表示估计时不肯定是may 的过去时，只是表示其可能性较小；如： the man may be the headmaster.where is mr li.he might be working in his office.may mr li come. he might not come here.4、could 表示估计时，语气can 比要弱，说话者留有余地；如：could it be an animal.it could not be， because it is not moving.5、should 表示估计的可能性比较大，

27、仅比must 的可能性小一点 ；如： it is already 10 oclock now they should be there.二、情态动词表示对过去可能发生的动作或存在过的动作的估计性用法；中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第 7 页1、“ must +have done/been-”-表示“过去肯定发生过某事或存在过某种状态”，不用于“ musnt+have-”形式；如： she must have seen the film befor，e的后半部分 hasnt she注.意反意疑问句you must have met uncle wang in the shop yesterda

28、，ydidn t you.注意反意疑问句的后半部分 2、“ should +have done /been-”表示“本应当做某事，而实际上并没有做”；“ shouldnt完+成式”表示“原来不应当做，而实际上却做了”；以上结构常带有说话者的批判的感情颜色；如： you should have finished your homework earlier but in fact you did not finish it on time.you shouldn t have gone to bed when you woke up at five but in fact youwent to b

29、ed again then.3、“ needn t完+ 成式” 表示“原来没有必要做某事， 而实际上却做了”；如： there was plenty of time.she neednt have hurried .4、“ can t /couldn t+have done -/b-e-e-n”表示“过去不行能发生了某事或存在过某种状态” ；如： i saw him just now. he cant have gone to japan. she said the man couldn t have stolen her car.5、“ could+have done/been-”表示“过去

30、原来能够，可以做某事或成为某种状态，而实际上没有” ，说话者有些遗憾；“ could sb. have done /been-？”是它的问句形式；如： you could have stayed with the smiths while you were in new yorkbut in fact you stayed in a nearby hotel . could mr li have helped this girl student.6、“ may/might+完成式”表示“过去可能，原来可以于某事而实际上没有干”， might 的可能性较小，语气较弱；如： he may have

31、 finished reading the book.she might have given you some help， however bus she was.【情态动词易混点归纳】易混点一 : can 和 be able to:两者表示才能时用法相同，但 can 只有原形“ can”和过去式“ could” 两种形式，在其他时态中 要用 be able to 来表示；另外 be able to 经常指经过努力，花费了时间和劳力之后才能做到某事；如： jim can t speak engli吉sh姆.不会说英语；中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第 8 页he could speak e

32、nglish at five. 他五岁时就会说英语；well be able to see him next week下.星期我们将会见到他；he has been able to drive.他已经会开车了；i m sure you ll be able to finish it qu我ic相kly信.你能快速地完成；we were able to reach the top of the mountain at noon我.山顶；易混点二 :can 和 may们能在中午到达1. can 和 may均可用来征求看法或许可，意为“可以”， 一般可互换使用 ；如： can/ may i help

33、 you .我能帮忙你吗？2. can 和 may表示可能性时的区分：1在确定句中用might，may， must，不用 can2在疑问句中表示估计用can，不用might， may， must3在否定句中用 can（t不行能）， 不用 may， must；如： she may be in the classroom .她可能在教室里； where can they be now.他们现在可能在哪儿？that can t be tru那e不.可能是真的；易混点三 : may be 和 maybe 用法区分常用位置may bemay 为情态动词，be 为动词原形句中，作谓语maybe副词，大致、

34、或许，相当于perhaps句首，作状语例如：he may be wrong , but im not sure. 或许他错了， 但我也不确定；易混点四： cant和 mustnt1. can根t据其基本用法可译为：（1） 不会；如： i cant speak english我.不会说英语；（2）不能 ；如：we cant do it now because its天to太o 黑da了rk，.我们现在干不了；（3） 否定句中表示估计； “不行能 ”，如： the man cant be our teacher becausehe is much younger than our teacher.

35、 那个人不行能是咱们老师，他年轻得多；2. mustn t意为“ 禁止、不许”， 用来表达命令， 表示剧烈的语气；如：you mustn t play football in the street. it踢足球，太危急了；易混点五： must 和 have to你不s可to以o在da街n上gerous.1. must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要；have to 侧重于客观上的必要，可用于现在时、过去时和将来时；中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第 9 页如： i know i must study hard.我知道我必需努力学习；my brother was very ill, so i ha

36、d to call the doctor in the mid-night. 我弟弟病得厉害，我只得半夜里把医生请来；i havent got any money with me, so i ll have to borrow some from myfriend.我身上没带钱，只好向伴侣借点了；he said they must work hard他.说他们必需努力工作；2. have to可以用于多种时态；而must 只用于一般现在或将来；如： the composition is due to hand in this morning, so i had to finish it las

37、t night.作文今日早晨到期，因此我不得不昨天晚上完成；易混点六 : used to do / be used to doing / be used to do/ be used fordoing sthused to do 表示过去经常发生的动作，强调过去，只用于过去，留意 用 to do，不用 doing 形式；而 be used to doing意为“习惯做”， be可有各种时态；be used to do意为“被使用去做,” 为被动语态形式； be used for doing st“h用作”如： my father used to eating meat.我父亲过去起床晚，但现在

38、不得不早起了；she is used to eating mea她t.习惯吃肉；he wasn t used to eating in a restauran他t.不习惯在饭店吃饭；a knife can be used for cutting things.刀可以用来割东西 /a knife can be used to cut things.刀【情态动词例题解析】可以用来割东西 1、 youpass me a pen. i dliketowritedownthe phonenumber. sure. here it is.a. can b. need c. mightd. must【解析】

39、由题干可知，本句表示恳求、许可；答案：a2、 may i go to the cinema, mum. certainly, but you be back by 11 o clock.a. can b. may c. must d. need【解析】由题意可知，此处并非表估计的用法，而是妈妈对孩子提出的要求，应选 c,意为“必 须”；答案： c3、you get there by bus.a. don t needb. needn t toc. don t need tod. need don t to【解析】由选项 a可知 need 为实义动词，故应加上 to才正确； 选项 bneedn为

40、t情态动词，应去掉 to，应选 c.中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第10 页4、youworryabout me. itnsothingserious.a.can t b.mustn tc. needndt . won t【解析】 由题干 it s nothing seriou可s推断，第一句意为 “你不必为我担忧”， 应选 c； 此题易错选 b, mustnt意为 “禁止”，故不正确；答案： c5、 excuse me. is this the right way to the summer please. sorry, i m not sure . but it be.a. mightb

41、.mustn tc.can td.must【解析】考查情态动词might表估计的用法；“i m not sur说e者的语气并不愿定，所以要用might；答案： a明” 说 话6、the man in the office be mr. black, because he went home just now. a.mustn tb.may notc.can td.needn t【解析】 由下文he went home just now 可知办公室里那个人不行能是mr.black；mustn意t意为“不必 ”； can意t为 “千万别 ”， maynot意为“可能不 ”， neednt为不行能，

42、应选 c；7、 can you go surfing with us this afternoon. i d like to , but i look after my sister at home , because my mother is ill.a.need b.must c.have to d.should【解析】由题干 my mother is ill为客观要求可知，选 c.8、 may i take this book out of the reading room. . please read it here.a.certainlyb.no,you needn tc.no, y

43、oumustn td.no,you maynot【解析】 may i.的否定答语为no, you cant/ mustn；mut.st i否.定答语为no， you needn t/don t have to.;can 的i否定答.语为no，you can在t.口语交际中，要体会句子中的情感差别；答案：c【情态动词活学巧练】1 1 john come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.a. mayb. canc. has tod. must 2 they do well in the exam.a. can be able to

44、b. be able toc. can able tod. are able to中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第11 页3 may i take this book out. no, you .a. can'tb. may notc. needn'td. aren't4 you go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.a. canb. mustc. dared. would 5 can you speak japanese. no, i .a. mustn'tb. can'

45、tc. needn'td. may not2. 1. he be in the classroom, i think no, he be in the classroom. i saw him go home a minute ago.a. can; may not b. must; may not c. may; can'td. may; mustn't 2shall i get one more cake for you, dad. thanks, but you , i've had enough.a. may notb. must notc. can&#

46、39;td. needn't3 even the top students in our class can't work out this problem, so it be very difficult.a. mayb. mustc. cand. need 4 he isn't at school. i think he be ill.a. canb. shallc. mustd. has to 5 i take this one.a. mayb. willc. ared. do 31 the children play football on the road.a

47、. can'tb. canc. mustn'td. must2 you be late for school again next time.中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第12 页a. mustn'tb. needn'tc. don't have tod. don't need to 3 must i do my homework at once. no, you .a. needn'tb. mustn'tc. can'td. may not 4. his arm is all right. he go and see

48、 the doctor.a. has not tob. don't have toc. haven't to d. doesn't have to 5. he had to give up the plan, he.a. didb. didn'tc. doesd. doesn't 6. they had to walk here, they.a. mustn'tb. didc. didn'td. hadn't 7. he had better stay here, he.a. doesn'tb. don'tc. h

49、adn'td. isn't8. you'd better late next time.a. not to beb. not bec. won't bed. don't be9. you'd better your hair once a month.a. had; cutb. had; cuttedc. have; cutd. have; cutted10. you ask that man over there. maybe he knows the way.a. had better not tob. had not betterc. ha

50、d betterd. had better not 11. shall we go and visit the history museum next sunday.a. here you areb. sorry, i can'tc. yes, pleased. let me try 12 why don't you ask mike to go with us. thanks, .a. i willb. i won'tc. leand. i may中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第13 页13 itakethenewspaper away. no,youmustn&#

51、39;t.you read it only here.a. must; canb. may; canc. need; mustd. must; must 14 excuse me. you please pass me that cup.a. dob. should c. would d. must15. you like to have another try.a. couldb. willc. wouldd. do16 would you like to go boating with us. yes, .a. i'd likeb. i wantc. i'd like to

52、d. i do17. you worry about your son. he will get well soon.a. needn'tb. can'tc. mustn'td. have to 18 the poor man needs our help, he.a. needb. needn'tc. doesd. doesn't19 mustwe do ourhomework first. no,you . youmay have a rest first.a. mustn't b. needn't c. may not d. can

53、't情态动词练习题1. i told sally how to get here, but perhaps i for her.a. had to write it outb. must have written it outc. should have written it outd. ought to write it out2. there were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.中学英语情态动词专项练习共十页；第14 页 it a comfortable journey.a. can t beb. shouldnt bec. mustn t have beend. couldnt heavbeen3. it s nearly seven o clock. jack be here at any moment.a. mustb. needc. shouldd. can4. johnny, you play w