初中被动语态讲解及练习

1、被动语态一、概念：语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系；语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态；假如主语是动作的执行者，或者是说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；假如主语是动作的承担者，或者是说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，就用被动语态；二、主动句变为被动句的步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2.把动词变为被动形式即be +过去分词， 并留意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态就保持不变；3.原主动句的主语如需要就放在by 后面以它的宾格形式显现（注代词的宾格），如不需要就可省略；4.其它的成分（定语、状语）不变；三、被动语态的用法：1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am

2、 / are + 及物动词的过去分词we clean our classroom every day. my mother asks me to study hard.2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词a new shop was built last year.3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词this book has been translated into many languages.many man -made satellites have been sent up into spa

3、ce by many countries.4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be +及物动词的过去分词a new hospital will be built in our city. many more trees will be planted next year.5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词young trees must be watered often.your mistakes should be corrected right now. the door may be locked inside.your homework

4、can be handed in tomorrow.6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be +及物动词的过去分词there are two books to be read.there are twenty more trees to be planted.3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to 的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to ； 例： make somebody do something somebody+ be +made to do something see

5、somebody do something somebody +be +seen to do somethinga girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. my wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.the boss made the little boy do heavy work. the littmleabdoey twoadso heavy work by the boss.4. 假如是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，可以使用直接宾语也可以使用间接宾语作被动语态句子的主语；

6、使用直接宾语物作主语时，要在动词后加上介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词打算；he gave me a book. a book was given to me by him. he showed me a ticket. a ticket was shown to me by him.my father bought me a new bike. a new bike was bought for me by my father.第 1 页5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词；we cant laugh at him.he cant be la

7、ughed at by us.he listens to the radio every day.the radio is listened to by him every day.the nurse is taking care of the sick man. the sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.不用被动语态的情形1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬时动词）：appear, die死亡 ,disappear（消逝） , end vi.终止 , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit,

8、 spread, stand break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.如： after the fire, very little remained of my house.比较：rise, fall, happen 是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词；错the price has been risen.对 the price has risen.错 the accident was happened last week.对 the accident happened last

9、week.错 the price has raised.对 the price has been raised.错 please seat.对 please be seated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须留意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的；特殊是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法；解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积存；2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch， agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suff

10、er from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to如： this key just fits the lock.一、挑选题1. a new library 被动语态练习in our school last year.a. is; builtb. was;bulitc. does;buildd. did;build2. anaccidenton this road last week.a. has been happenedb. was happenedc. is happenedd.happened 3.cottoninthe sout

11、heast ofchina.a.is grownb.are grownc. growsd.grow4.so far, the moonby man already.a.is visitedb.willbe visitedc. has been visitedd. was visited5.atalk on chinese historyin the school hallnext week.a. is givenb. has been givenc. willbe givend. gives6.howmany trees planted7. a lotof things this year.a

12、. are plantedb. willplantc. have been plantedd.by people to save the littlegirlnow.a.are doingb. are beingdonec. has been doned. willbe done8.neitherofthemin china.a.is madeb. are madec. were maded.made 9.look.anice pictureforour teacher.a.is drawingb. is being drawnc. has been drawnd .draws 10. you

13、rshoes . you need a new pair.a.wear outb.wornoutc. are wornoutd.is worn第 2 页11.the doctorforyet.a.isn't sentb.hasn't been sentc. won'tbe sentd. wasn't sent12.-whenthis kindof computers . -lastyear.a.did;useb. was; usedc. is;usedd.are; used13. the great wall all over the world.a.knows

14、b.knewc . is knownd. wasknown14.iin summer.a.bornb. was bornc. have been bornd. am born15.he says that mrzhang to the factory next week.a.is sentb. wouldsendc. was sentd. willbe sent16.whothis book .a. did;writtenb.was; writtenbyc. did;writtend.was; written17.maryshow me her new dictionary.a.has ask

15、ed tob.wasasked to c.isasked d.asks to18.astoryby grannyyesterday.a. wastold us b. was told to us c. istold us d. toldus19.themonkey was seenoffthe tree.a. jumpb. jumpsc. jumpedd. to jump20.theschool bagbehind the chair.a. putsb. can be putc. can be puttedd. can put 21.olderpeoplewell.a.looksafterb.

16、 mustbe lookedafterc. must lookafterd. lookedafter22.ourteachercarefully.a. shouldbe listened tob. shouldbe listenc. be listenedd. islistened二、将以下句子变为被动语态，每空一词；1. we can finishthe workintwo days.the workintwodays.2. they produce silkin suzhou.silkinsuzhou.3. the childrenwillsingan englishsong.anengl

17、ishsongby the children.4. youneedn't do it now.itbyyou now.5. lucysent me a new year card last week.anew year cardher byme last week.6. people use metal formakingmachines.metalformakingmachines.7. he made me do that forhim.ithat forhim.8.i have giventhis book to the library.thisbook to the libra

18、ry.9. didthey builda bridgehere a year ago.a bridgehere bythem a year ago.10. we'llput on an englishplay inour school.anenglishplayon in our school.11. moreand more farmers buycolortvsets.colortvsetsmore and more farmers.12. mybrother oftenmends his watch.hiswatchby mybrother.13. we must water t

19、he flowersevery day.theflowersmustby us every day.14. they use knivesforcuttingthings.knivesforcuttingthings.15. he made the farmers workfora longtime.the farmersfora long time.16. didhe break the windowyesterday. the window yesterday.17. they have sold out the lightgreen dresses.the lightgreen dres

20、sesout.18. we clean the classroom every day.the classroomevery day.19. you must not planttrees in verydryearth.treesin verydry earth.20. youcan diga hole inthe earth.a holein the earth.第 3 页三、用动词的正确语态填空；1. the studentsoften tellto take care oftheir desks and chairs.2. that play puton again sometime next month.3. the oldman is ill.hemust send to the hospital.4. vegetables,egg