动词种类与基本形式

1、一、 动词的分类学习必备欢迎下载动词种类与基本形式依据动词在句中的作用，英语动词可分为四类；实义动词，连系动词，助动词和情态动词；1、实义动词（行为动词）实义动词（行为动词）说明动作或状态，能独立作谓语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词；she types fast她.（ 1）及物动词打字速度很快； he studies in this school.他在这所学校学习；及物动词必需接宾语，才能有完整的意思，这可以有三种情形； 动词+宾语her father enjoys warm tea very much in summer她.的父亲夏天特别爱喝热茶； 动词+间接宾语 +直接宾语 did he g

2、ive you a present yesterday.may i ask you a question. 动词+宾语+宾补 they call her "little li"they elected bush president他.2不及物动词不及物动词本身有完整的意思其后不需要跟宾语；例如：his mother works in a hospitalshe stayed at home yesterday.们选布什当总统有些动词有时用作及物动词，有时用作不及物动词，词义有时相同，有时不同；when did your father leave beijing.he lef

3、t yesterday.记住下面这些可带双宾语的动词buy, bring, build, cook, cut,draw,find,hand, get, leave,lend,make, offerpay,pass, read,return,show, sell,tell,teach, write 等；2、记住下面带宾补的动词 要求名词作宾补的动词call, name, make, leave, think等； 要求形容词作宾补的动词want, keep, find, get, paint, turn, cut等；2、连系动词连系动词本身有意义，但不能在句子中单独作谓语，必需和表语一起构成谓语，

4、如be, seem,look, become, get, appear, remain, feel, soun等d 3、助动词；he is a lawyer.she looks very beautiful.助动词本身没有意义，只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，表示否定，疑问等结构中的谓语动词；常用的助动词有：shall, will.have, should, would, do, be 等； i don'tknow wherehe is.（否定句） do you have a dictionary withyou.疑问句 i havebeen to shangha

5、i twice（.4、情态动词现在完成时） there will be a meeting tomorrow morning（.一般将来时）情态动词表示说话人在才能、必要、义务或推测等方面的语气或态度，有自已的词义，但不能单独作谓语动词， 必需和动词原形一起构成谓语动词，没有人称和数的变化； 如：can, may,must, would, should, need, dare, might, used to等；she can speak english fluently她. 英语； you may take the book with you if you like.假如你喜爱，可以把这本书拿

6、走；need we hand in our exercise-books before class我. 们需要在上课前交练习本吗？能流利和说there must be a mistake准.情态动词二要点是弄错了； youshouldn't do that.你不应当做那件事；动词原形跟后面， 说话语气较委婉； can 表“才能”，may“许可”, must责“任或义务 ”,否定回答needn't 换； “需要” need, dare敢”“，should二、 动词的基本形式应“该 ”，would “愿”，have to被“迫”表客观；英语的动词变化较为复杂，通过其本身词形的变化和

7、与助动词及情态动词的连用，表示不同的时态、语态及语气；多数动词的基本形式有四种：现在式；过去式；过去分词；现在分词；学习必备欢迎下载1、现在式：动词的现在式即动词原形（如：meet, do, like 等），用于祈使句、不定式的时态 中的一般现在时， 但遇到单数第三人称时， 需要在动词原形词尾加 -s其构成法与名词复数的构成法及读单相同， 如 meets, does, likes, studie；s i live in the center of the town.我住在市中心；he often goes to school by bus他.常常乘公共汽车上学；sometimes they p

8、lay basketball in the weekends.有时他们在周末打篮球；2、过去式：过去式主要用于过去时（不因人称和数而弯化），有规章和不规章两种变化；多数动词都是规章动词，在动词原形之后-ed 构成过去式（和过去分词），如:liked, studied；不规章动词的变化就应特殊记忆（或查不规章动词表），如： met did；i went home at half past five yesterday.i was gald to receive you letter of 16 thmay.3、过去分词：与hava 或 had 构成完成时态，与be 构成被动时态；构成情形与过去式

9、相同； developed countries发达国家 boiled 开水 rozen 冷冻食品 spoken english 英语口语tom has already passed this exam.she said she had borrowed a new book4、现在分词：一般情形在词尾加-inglooking, walking以不发音的字母e 结尾的，去掉 e 后再加 -ingmake-making, lose-losing以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing run-running, get-getting, begin-beginning

10、现在分词的作用是，可与be 构成进行时，或用作形容词或动名词；developing countries 进展中国家 boiling water沸腾的水 freezing wind刺骨的寒风i heard the senior students singing in the hall.my father was cooking when i got home yesterday.教学第三个环节：巩固练习一般现在时：句子中常有often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, on sundays 等词，表示一般的情形；例： 1. i often go to

11、 school at half past six .do you go to school at half past six.yes, i do.no, i dont. 22. he usually does his homework in the evening. does he usually do his homework in the evening. yes, he does.no, he doesn t3. mary flies kites on sundays. does mary fly kites on sundays. yes, she does. no, she does

12、n t.练习 1，我们常常在夏天游泳；翻译 问题 2，他每天打扫教室；翻译 问题 3，本常常在晚上看电视；翻译 问题 一般现在时用法专练一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空；1. he oftenhave dinner at home.2. daniel and tommybe in class one.3. wenot watch tv on monday.4. nicknot go to the zoo on sunday.5. theylike the world cup.学习必备欢迎下载6. whatthey oftendo on saturdays.7. your parentsread

13、newspapers every day.8. the girlteach us english on sundays.9. she and itake a walk together every evening.10. therebe some water in the bottle.11. mikelike cooking.12. theyhave the same hobby.13. my auntlook after her baby carefully.14. you alwaysdo your homework well.15. ibe ill. i m staying in be

14、d.16. shego to school from monday to friday.17. liu taodo not like pe.18. the child oftenwatch tv in the evening.19. su hai and su yanghave eight lessons this term.20. what daybe it today. its saturday.二、依据要求改写句子1. daniel watches tv every evening.改为否定句 2. i do my homework every day.改为一般疑问句，作否定回答3. s

15、he likes milk.改为一般疑问句，作确定回答4. amy likes playing computer games.改为一般疑问句，作否定回答5. we go to school every morning.改为否定句 6. he speaks english very well.改为否定句 7. i like taking photos in the park.对划线部分提问 8. john comes from canada.对 划线部分提问 9. she is always a good student改. 为一般疑问句，作否定回答10. simon and daniel li

16、ke going skating.改为否定句 三、翻译1.他在第三学校上学；他每天早上七点上学；no. 3 primary school 2.父亲每天早晨都浇花；3.我女儿喜爱看电视和听音乐；4.桑迪放学后打羽毛球吗？不；她学习很用功；放学后她总是看书；四、改错1. is your brother speak english.学习必备欢迎下载abc2. does he likes going fishing.abc3. he likes play games after class.abc4. mr. wu teachs us english.abc5. she dont do her hom

17、ework on sundays.abc教学第四个环节：学问总结一般过去时在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态；时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等；where did you go just now.表示在过去一段时间内，常常性或习惯性的动作；when i was a child, i often played football in the street.whenever the browns went during their visit, they were given a warm we

18、lcome.（一）用动词的正确形式填空1 my mother （is） born in 1960.2 the lion bite the net two days ago. 3 he make a big hole last week.4 the cat catch a mouse yesterday.5 what did he do. he try to change china.6 she sit under a big tree and read books yesterday morning. 7 he become a doctor in 1995.8 did you learn e

19、nglish at school.9 they didnt go to the zoo an hour ago. they go to the park.10 he play footballon the playground and drink a lot of water yesterday afternoon.11 you drive a car to get there yesterday morning.no. i drive a bus.12 i thought he forget everthing.13 she fall over before she got the bato

20、n. 14 i feed the dog an hour ago.15 i not feel well this morning. 16 the bird fly high two days ago.17 yesterday is my birthday ,my parents give me a doll. 18 last year, the plants grew well.19 we have a music lesson yesterday morning.20 when i is a baby ,i have no hair. but now i have long hair.（二）

21、挑选题（）1 is she nice to look .a inb onc at 2 i walk to school .my new home is my school.a nearb far away fromc comfortable（）3 he was a football first , then he a teacher when he was 30.a becomeb grew upc played4 these old people prefer to live close the hospital.a fromb toc with5 your are taller than

22、your sister.学习必备欢迎下载a manyb muchc more 6 let me you my new room.a tellb watchc show 7 this room does not have a window, so it is quite .a cleanb darkc messy8 he look happy when we were there.a doesntb wasntc didnt 9my sister looks than me.a prettyb prettierc prettiest 10 you stay at home an hour ago

23、.a wereb wasc did教学第五个环节：教学拓展2021年中考题16. have you broughtwith you. we won t have time to come back. don t worry. all the things we need are here, in this big bag.a. somethingb. anythingc. everythingd. nothing17. if you get on wellyour classmates, you ll enjoy your scheomololrief .a. tob. atc. withd.

24、 in18. the teacher speaks very loudlyall the students can hear her.a. so thatb. becausec. sinced. when19. you should reallysmoking. it s a terrible habit.a. grow upb. pick upc. give upd. set up20. why don t you like winter in beijing. because it iswinter in guangzhou.a. as cold asb. much colder than

25、c. not so cold asd. not colder than21. the teacher told the studentsany food into the computer room.a. not to bringb. not bringc. don t bringd. bring not22. it doesn t look like rain, so youbring your umbrella with you.a. shouldn t b. mustn tc. can td. neednt23. we don t have much homework thisweeke

26、nd, shall we go out together. ok. what abouta movie.a. to seeb. seeingc. seed. sees24. i still remember the parkwe first met.a. thatb. whichc. whered. when 25 excuse me, what s this for. it s a cleaner and itto pick up dirt.a. usesb. is usedc. is usingd. used其次节语法挑选（共10 小题；每道题1 分，满分10 分）阅读下面短文，依据句子结

27、构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从2635 各题所给的abcd项中选出正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑；my friend, david smith, kept birds. one day he phoned and26me he would be away for a week. he asked me to feed the bird27him and said he would leave his key in my mailbox.unfortunately, i did not remember to feed the birds28the night before david wa

28、s going to return. i rushed out of my house and it was already dark when i arrived at29house. i soon found the key he gave me could unlock neither the front door30the back door. i kept31of what david would say when came back.then i noticed32one bedroom windowwas open. i found a big tone and pushed i

29、t under the window .33the stone was very heavy. i was afraid of noise. but in the end, i managed to climb up.i had one leg inside the bedroom when i suddenly realized that someone34a torch 电筒 up at me. ilooked down and saw35policeman and an old lady, one of david s neighbors.“ what are you doing up学

30、习必备欢迎下载there.” said the policeman. feeling like a fool, i replied,“ i was just going to feed mr. smith26. a. tellb. tellsc. toldd. had told and连接的应当是两个时态相同的动词，依据原文 one day he phoned and26me he would be away for a week.， and 前面的 phone用的是过去式，因此选c.told.27. a. withb. toc. ford. at依据原文， he asked me to fe

31、ed the bird27him and said he would leave his key in my mailbox.（译文：他请我帮他喂养他的鸟，仍说他会把钥匙放在我的信箱里）， feedsth.forsb. 意为“帮忙某人喂养某物” ，因此选项是c.28. a. untilb. beforec. asd. since依据原文， unfortunately, i did not remember to feed the birds 28 the night before david was going to return. ，（译文：不幸的是，直到 david 即将离开的前一晚我才记

32、得要给鸟喂食） ， a.until 表示 “ 用于否定句 在. 以前 ,直到 . 才”，因此 a 为答案；29. a. herb. hisc. theird. our依据全文语境，得知david是位男生，所以选b. his ；30. a. andb. butc. ord. nor依据原文， i soon found the key he gave me could unlock neither the front door30the back door.（译文：很快，我便发觉他留给我的钥匙竟不能打开前门也不能打开后门）；neither.nor. 是固定搭配，表示 "既不也不"

33、;，其含义是否定的，可连接任意两个并列的成份；因此，答案为d.31. a. to thinkb. thinkc. thinkingd. thoughtkeep doing sth.，表示“始终连续做某事” ，答案为c，其余项均不符合题意；32. a. howb. thatc. whatd. why依据原文， then i noticed32one bedroom window was open. （译文：然后，我留意到其中一间房间的窗户是开着的） ；此处，缺少一个引导宾语从句的引导词，what 和 that 都可以引导宾语从句；但是引导主语、宾语或表语从句时what 在从句中要充当句子成分;而

34、 that 引导主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句时不作任何成分只起语法连接作用；因此，答案为b.33. a. ifb. becausec. whend. whether依据句意得知，此处缺少一个缘由状语从句的引导词，选项中只有because符合句意，因此答案为b.34. a. is shinningb. was shonec. shinesd. was shining依据语境，此处应用过去进行时，因此d.was shining 符合题意；35. a. ab. thec. and. /依据原文句子， i looked down and saw35policeman and an old lady,此

35、处应填入一个不定冠词a， 因此选 a.三、完形填空（共10 小题，每道题1 分，满分10 分）the japanese macaca monkey has been studied in the wildfor over 50 years. in 1952, on one small japanese island, scientists dropped some36with dirt for the monkeys. the monkeys liked their taste, but they found the dirt37.one clever 18-month-old monkey

36、found she could38the problem by washing the sweet potatoes in a nearby river, she taught this to her mother. her39also learned this new way and they taught their mothers too. all the younger monkeys40learned to wash the dirty sweet potatoes to make them40to eat. but many41found it very hard to learn

37、 this and still ate the42sweet potatoes.then something very surprising 43 . in the autumn of 1958, scientists found that the monkeys on other nearby 44 began washing their sweet potatoes too. scientists still don ftully understand how this knowledge was 45 from one island to another.36. a. sweet pot

38、atoesb. green plantsc. hard stonesd. fresh nutsone clever 18-month-oldmonkey found she could38the problem by washing the sweet potatoes in a nearby river, she taught this to her mother 依据下文可知，科学家仍给猴子的是甜土豆；因此答案是a.37. a. beautifulb. terriblec. difficultd. interesting依据题意，应选b；38. a. findb. reachc. solv

39、ed. understand.solve the problem 表示为“解决问题” ，符合题意；学习必备欢迎下载39. a. childrenb. brothersc. sistersd. friends细节推理题；依据题意，一只聪慧的年轻猴子创造了清洗土豆的方法，然后把此方法教给她妈妈，仍教给她的伴侣们，她的伴侣们又把它告知给她的妈妈们；因此选d；40. a. quietlyb. esilyc. angrilyd. awfully依据题意， 年轻的猴子们很简单便学会了通过清洗甜土豆使其食用起来更加可口；b.easily意为“简单地”，其它选项均不符合题意；41. a. nicerb. sm

40、allerc. lighterd. drier据题意，年轻猴子简单学会了通过清洗甜土豆使其食用起来更加可口；a.nicer是 nice 的比较级；42. a. smallb. largec. newd. dirty.然而许多老猴子发觉清洗土豆在食用的方法很难学，于是他们照旧吃脏的甜土豆；依据题意，d.dirty意为“肮脏的” ，与题意相符；43. a. took onb. took offc. took placed. took away.依据题意，后来发生了一些特别好玩的事情；c.took place表示“发生，进行，举办”；44. a. treesb. islandsc. beachesd

41、. rivers由下文题意，清洗甜土豆再食用的方法从一个岛传到另一个岛，可知答案应为b.islands.45. a. lostb. droppedc. passedd. left依据句意，清洗甜土豆再食用的方法从一个岛传到另一个岛，c.passed 意为“传递” ，符合题目意思；教学第六个环节：作业四、阅读懂得（共20 小题；每道题2 分，满分40 分）阅读以下短文，从每题所给的abcd 项中，选出正确选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑；ai heard the bees long before i saw them.it was a very hot afternoon, and we decid

42、ed to cool off in the river near my home. as we climbed down a small rocky hill toward the water, my boyfriend john suddenly started to shout then jumped into the water below. peter and mary quickly followed but i was too far away to jump. i was trapped.i heard a low hum 嗡嗡声 ， which was growing loud

43、er. from a distance, the group of bees looked almostlike a cloud of smoke. as it got closer, i realized it was actually thousands of bees flying towards me.all i could do was cover my face with hands. crazily, i thought that if i sat very still, the bees would think i was just another rock.after a f

44、ew minutes , i knew my plan hadn t worked. the bees were attacking me. i could hear my friendsshouting at me to get down to the pool fast.but it wasn t so easy. i was in great pain and the only way i could get away was to use my hands to climb down the rocks. however, i was afraid to do that at firs

45、t because my face would be unprotected. the noise thebees made was so loud and frightening, but i had no choice.i rushed down the rocks and jumped into the pool, but i don t remember doing it. i was just so ha free from the pain. i was safe, and the water felt wonderful.but we still weren t out of d

46、anger. every time we tried to climb out of the pool, the bees flew back overour heads. we spent the next three hours in the water, putting our heads under the water from time to time to avoid the bees until they finally lost interest.46. how many people went swimming that day.a. two.b. threec. fourd

47、. five47. the underlined word“ it” in paragraph 3 refers to.a. a rockb. the group of beesc. a hilld. the river48. at first why didn t the writer want to climb down the rocks.a. she was afraid she would fall.b. she was too far away from pool.c. she thought the bees would follow her.d. she didn t want

48、 her face to be unprotected.49. how did the writer escape the bees.a. she covered her face with her hands.b. she hid behind the rocks.c. she jumped into a water pool.d. she pretended to be a rock.学习必备欢迎下载50. in what order are the following mentioned in the story.a. the writer rushed down the rocks.b

49、. john jumped into the water.c. the low hum grew louder.d. the bees flew back over their heads.e. the bees were attacking the writer.a. b c e a db. b a e c dc. c d e a bd. c b d e abwant to stay away from colds. put on a happy face.comparedto unhappypeople,those whoare cheerfuland relaxedare less li

50、kelyto sufferfromcolds, according to a new study. it s possible that being happy helps the body fight illnesses, say the researchersfromnewyorkuniv ersity.“seitems that positivefeelingsmay reduce the danger ofillness, study s chief researcher sheldon cohen.s”aid thein an earlier study, cohen found t

51、hat people whowere cheerful andlively caught coughs and colds less often. people who showed feelings were also less likely to tell their doctors that they felt ill.in this study, cohen s interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. during the interviews, the people toldresearchers about were give

52、n colds by doctors and had to stay alone in a room for six days.the results showed that everyone in the study was equally likely to get ill. buy for people who said they felt happy during the research period, their illness are less serious and lasted for a shorter time.cohen believes that when peopl

53、e experience positive feelings, their body may produce a chemical thathelps fight illness and disease. so if you are worried abut your health, look on the bright side more often.51. which of the following was not a part of the study.a. people talked about their feelings every day.b. people were kept

54、 alone for six days.c. people were given colds by doctors.d. people were made to feel unhappy.52. what did the study find.a. people who felt happynever got ill.b.people feselingsdidn int fluencetheirhealt h.c. people with good feelings became ill more easily.d. people with positive feelings had less serious illnesses.53. according to cohen, which of the following may help fight illness.a. eating.b. crying.c. laughing.d. sleeping.54. this passage is a/an.a. advertisementb. newspaper repo