牛津英语m2u1讲解

1、现在完成时&现在完成进行时 现在完成时的用法(1)表示动作在过去已经完成，但对现在有影响或其结果现在仍存在。如:Ive closed the window. 我已经关好窗户了。(I closed the window in the past and it is still closed now.) (窗户是我在过去的时间里关的，现在它依然关着。)He has left. 他已经离开了。(He left some time in the past and he is not here now.)(他是在过去的某个时间离开的，现在不在这里。)如for two months, by now,

2、 so far, in the past several years, since 2001, recently, this term等。如:We have learned English for five years. (We began to learn English five years ago, and we are still learning it)(我们从五年前开始学英语，现在仍然在学习。)The old couple have been married for 35 years.这对老夫妻已经结婚35年了。So far, it has been the best articl

3、e on UFOs.迄今为止，这是关于UFO最好的一篇文章。如arrive, reach, buy, lose, fall, come, go, leave, join等，其现在完成时的肯定形式不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如:他三年前买了一辆车。He has bought a car for three years. He has had a car for three years.He bought a car three years ago.他两年前参军了。 He has joined the army for two years. He has been in the army f

4、or two years. He joined the army two nears ago.误正正误正正I cant promise you anything until I have spoken to the manager. 在和经理商谈之前，我不能向你承诺任何事情。 Please turn off the electricity after you have finished the experiment. 实验完成之后请关掉电源。(5)常和副词just, already等连用。如: -Would you like something to drink?你想喝点什么吗? -No, t

5、hanks. I have just had a cup of coffee. 不用了，谢谢。我刚喝过一杯咖啡。Jack is on holiday now. He has gone to France. (He is in France now or he is on his way to France.)杰克现在在休假，他已经去了法国。 (他现在正在法国，或者正在去法国的路上。)Jack is back in London now. He has been to France. (He was in France but now he has returned.)杰克现在已回到伦敦了，他曾

6、经去过法国。 (他曾在法国，但现在他已经回来了。)2 现在完成进行时的用法(1)表示动作开始T过去某时，一直持续到现在，并可能继续下去。I have been waiting for him for nearly an hour but he still hasnt arrived.我已等了他近一个小时，但他仍没到。此时常同for或since等搭配使用。如: Danny has been writing the paper in his room since seven oclock.丹尼从七点钟起就一直在他房间里写论文。 此时句子中通常没有表示一段时间的时间状语。如: It has been

7、 raining, but it has stopped now. 天一直在下雨，但现在雨停了。 You are out of breath. Have you been running? 你上气不接下气。你跑步了吗?(3)表示一段时间里重复的动作。如: He has been writing poems since he was nine years old. 他从九岁起就开始写诗。1. 前者强调动作的持续性或进行性，后者说明事实。 She has been teaching for ten years. She is a teacher with much experience. 十年来她

8、一直在教书，她是一位经验丰富的教师。 She has taught for ten years. 她教了十年书。2. 前者可用来表示感情色彩。如: She has always been losing her keys. 她总是丢钥匙。 What have you been doing to my bicycle? 你把我自行车怎么了?表埋怨、责备的语气表质疑的语气强调动作的持续性强调教书十年的事实3、前者常表示动作反复发生，而后者常表示动作的一次完成。如: Weve been having a lot of snow recently. 最近雪很多。 Weve had a lot of sn

9、ow recently. 最近雪很多。4、一些动词不能用现在完成进行时。这些动有: understand, realize, remember, forget, see, hear, believe等。如: 我了解了真相。 I have realized the truth. I have been realizing the truth.指多次下雪指降雪量 正误5. 5. 不能用不能用现在完成时现在完成时的动词：的动词： marry, get up, come, gomarry, get up, come, go6. 6. 有些词现在完成时与现在完成进行时意思有些词现在完成时与现在完成进行时

10、意思差不差不多多，如：，如：work, study, live, teach (work, study, live, teach (持续性持续性动词动词) )。但多数动词在两种时态中的意思不同。但多数动词在两种时态中的意思不同。如：如： e.g I have written a book. e.g I have written a book. I have been writing a book. I have been writing a book. 已经写完了已经写完了还在写还在写/过去一段时间一直在写过去一段时间一直在写1. How long has the bookstore been

11、 in business? _ 1932. A. After B. In C. From D. Sincesince 用法总结lSince everyone is here, lets begin our class.lI havent seen him ever since. since my graduation. since we graduated.conj. 表原因表原因adv. 自从自从prep. conj. 表自从表自从2. Justin _ with Mary for more than one year. A. has been in love B. had been in

12、love C. fell in love D. has fallen in love【】C. fall in love with 瞬间动作，不能与短时间连用，可改为:Justin fell in love with Mary more than one year ago.3. I havent seen Mary these past few days. Im afraid she _ herself for some time. A. hasnt been feeling B. hadnt been feeling C. isnt feeling D. wasnt feeling4. I _

13、 ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year.A. will play B. have played C. played D. playD. playD. play一般现在时，表示一般状态、能力、技能。从认知可知，一个人一旦获得了某种技能，这种技能就会保持很长一段时间，而不会因为短期内部训练而失去。5. Do you know our town? No, this is the first time (that) I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. a

14、m coming This/It is the first time that one has done sth.It was the first time that I _ (be) to Huaian.had beenhad been6. Has Tom finished his composition yet? I have no idea; he _ it this morning. A. wroteB. had written C. has writtenD. was writing this morning 表过去的点时间，当时他正在做某事，故用过去进行时。过去进行时可表示过去的点

15、时间或者过去的短时间在做的事。7. Now that you _ from abroad, what are you going to do? A. have returned B. are returning C. return D. returnedNow that 既然，强调对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时。8. - Is Tom still smoking? - No. By next Saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.A. will be B. will have gone C. w

16、ill have been D. has been goingby 与完成时连用。例如：(1) By the end of Nov. 31th, Expro in Shanghai _ (hold) for 186 days.(2) By now, we _ (learn) three units.(3) By the end of this term, we _ (finish) 2 modules. B Bhad been held have learntwill have finished go without 没有也能将就9. The first use of atomic weapo

17、ns (原子能武器) was in 1945, and their power _ increased ever since.A. is B. was C. has been D. had been_链接 第一题，ever since (adv.)+ 完成时10. So far this year we _ a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. A. saw B. see C. had seen D. have seen so far/by now/ for two months/in the past several year

18、s/since 2001/recently/this term 等跟现在完成时连用。11. I have got a headache. No wonder. You _ in front of that computer too long. A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked No wonder. 难怪呢！too long 时间状语，说明一直在电脑前工作的状态，故用现在完成进行时。12. The unemployment rate in this district _ from 6% to 5% in the past

19、two years. A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling in the last/past two years 跟现在完成时，译：这个地区的失业率在过去的两年里从6%降到了5%。13. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.A. had considered B. has been consideringC. considered D. is going to consider 还没有决定，

20、故还在一直考虑，用完成进行时说明考虑一直在持续。14. - Look at the black clouds. It _ soon. - Sure. If only we _ out.A. is raining; didnt comeB. is to rain; wont startC. will rain; havent startedD. is going to rain; hadnt come风雨欲来，用进行时表示马上要进行。 If only 要是就好了。用虚拟语气，构成是时态往前推一个。因为已经出门了，动作发生在过去，过去的过去，用过去完成时had done sth.15. When

21、he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of practical work.A. was coming B. had comeC. comes D. would come used to 表过去常常，按理后面的定语从句应该在时态上与主句的时态保持一致，用过去的某种时态。但，真理、客观事实仍然坚持用一般现在时。 Exx. Our teacher once told us that the earth

22、_ (travel) round the s16. You wont know whether the coat fits you until you _ it on.A. will try B. have triedC. tried D. are trying until, after, as soon as, if， because等引导的时间状语、条件状语或原因状语，强调动作的完成。用现在完成时。whether 引导宾语从句，表是否。Exx. Ill go to your home when I _(finish) my homework. have finish

23、ed17. My dictionary _. I have looked for it everywhere but still _ it.A. has lost; dont find B. is missing; dont find C. has lost; havent foundD. is missing; havent found lost & missinglost 表示迷失，get lost ; go missing 失踪。still 表示仍然没有找到，故用现在完成时。18. - Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? - Of c

24、ourse. What is it? - I _ if you could take me to the station.A. would wonder B. did wonderC. was wondering D. had wondered was wondering 表示刚才我就是想知道，表示委婉 Exx. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. Where was I ? - You _ you didnt like your fathers job.A. had saidB. saidC. were saying D. had bee

25、n saying C C19. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT. A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introduced With the development of science, 做伴随状语。现在进行时的被动语态，表示正被引进。 20. - Whos the man over there? - Its Jack. - Oh? _ in Italy.A. I think hes

26、B. Ive thought hes beenC. I thought he was D. Id thought hed been thought 翻译为 “本以为”, 意思是你告诉我他是谁之前我不知道他的情况，现在知道了。Exx. Im sorry, but there is no smoking on this flight. oh, I _ (know) that. Sorry, I wont do it again.didnt knowdidnt know21. - I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. - Oh, I _ my

27、self.A. am talking to B. talked about C. have talked to D. was talking to - 再说一次好么？我刚才没有明白你说什么。 - 哦，我刚才正自言自语。22. - Each of the students, working hard at their lessons, _ the book. - So have I.A. is reading B. has read C. readingD. reads So have I. 用So + aux. v + S. 表示与前者情况一致。Have 的选择也与上面一句话一致。故此处选现在

28、完成时。, , 逗号里头是对每个学生的补充说明= who is working hard at their lessons.23. The baby is generally healthy, but every now and then he _ a cold.A. has caught B. is catchingC. will catch D. does catch but 前面的句子是一般现在时，后面的句子也没有表示其他时态的状语或者标志，故还是用一般现在时。does + V原形， 表强调24. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets. - You _

29、 something.A. have left B. are always leaving C. are leaving D. always left always 与现在进行时或者现在完成进行时连用，表示感情色彩。但多用现在进行时。e.g Your _ things about. (throw) are are alwaysalways throwing throwing25. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ the cloth _ well.A. have told; washes B. have been told; washes

30、 C. was told; washed D. have been told; is washed because 表示原因状语，强调已经完成。 wash/sell/smell/feel + adj./adv. 构成系表结构，只有主动，无被动语态。E.g. The surface of the table _ (not feel) smooth enough. doesnt feel doesnt feel（一）现在完成进行时（二）现在/过去/将来完成时 （三）一般现在时（四）现在进行时（主动语态、被动语态） （五）一般过去时 （六）过去进行时3、 11、 131、 2、 5、 7、 8、 9、 10、 12、 14、 16、 17、25、4、15、 23、25、19、 24、20、22、18、 21、 1. By the time Jane gets home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. A. will leaveB. leavesC. will have leftD. left2. He was hoping to go abroad