UnitGreekHeroes学习课程

1、PerseusHeraclesContents1. Birth of Perseus2. The Beheading of Medusa3. Rescue of Andromeda4. Fulfilling the Prophecy1. Birth of Heracles2. Twelve Labors of Heracles3. Heracles Love and Death第1页/共54页第一页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。Perseus第2页/共54页第二页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPassage 1: Birth of Perseusu Questions:1.

2、Who was Perseus father and mother?2. Why did King Acrisius want to get rid of his daughter and her son?3. Why did Perseus undertake the impossible task of killing Medusa?第3页/共54页第三页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPassage 1: Birth of Perseusu Retell the story:King Acrisius of Argosprincess Danaeprophecy (gran

3、dson) in a tower or cell of bronze Zeusa shower of goldchesta fisherman DictysKing Polydectesobstaclegiftbring / get the head of Medusa第4页/共54页第四页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusau Questions :1. What did Medusa look like before the curse?2. Why was she turned into a terrible

4、beast?3. How horrible was the gorgon Medusa?4. Why did Perseus agree to take up the act of beheading Medusa?5. How did he kill Medusa?第5页/共54页第五页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusa第6页/共54页第六页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusa第7页/共54页第七页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。Per

5、seusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusa第8页/共54页第八页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPassage 2: The Beheading of Medusa第9页/共54页第九页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPassage 3: Rescue of Andromedau Questions :1 . W h y w a s Andromeda chained to the rock?2. How did Perseus win the young lady Andromeda?第10页/共54页第十页，编辑于星期日：二点

6、三十一分。PerseusPassage 3: Rescue of Andromeda第11页/共54页第十一页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPassage 4: Fulfilling the Prophecyu Questions :1. How did Perseus t a k e r e v e n g e o n Polydectes?2. What happened to Perseus grandfather?第12页/共54页第十二页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 1. divine

7、 parentage (Zeus and Danae, princess) u 2. oracle/omen before birth (would kill the grandfather) u 3. unnatural / difficult conception/birth ( Zeus visited in the form of a shower of gold, in an underground bronze cell) 第13页/共54页第十三页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 4. being a

8、bandoned (mother and son in a chest, floating on the sea)u 5. rescued by a low man in a new land (the island of Seriphos, by a fisherman Dictys)u 6. villain causing harm or giving challenge (Polydectes wants to get rid of him by demanding a gift/ Gorgon Medusas head) u 7. agreeing to accomplish the

9、task and leaving home 第14页/共54页第十四页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 8. receiving from the donor a magical agent/object which helps in quest (Hermes and Athena helped to find the Graeae to learn how to reach the nymphs for winged sandals, a magic bag, and the helmet of invisib

10、ility; Hermes gives him the harpe/sickle; Athena gives a shield of polished bronze.) u 9. combat with the monster (cuts off Medusas head)第15页/共54页第十五页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 10. adventure on his way home ( to petrify Atlas, to rescue Princess Andromeda from the sea m

11、onster and fight her fianc) u 11. returning home and killing the villain ( by turning him into stone with the head)第16页/共54页第十六页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusFeatures/Structures of the storyu 12. marriage and kingship (gives kingship to Dictys, marries Andromeda and returnes to Argos for kingdom) u 13. the

12、 oracle fulfilled (kills grandfather Acrisius with a discus, exchanges kingship with his cousin and becomes king of Tiryns)第17页/共54页第十七页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPerseus as the most perfect Greek herou 1. Typical divine hero divine birth successful adventures to prove his extraordinary strength and wis

13、dom a destroyer of monster embodiment of honesty, generosity, strength, wisdom and justice living an ordained life 第18页/共54页第十八页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusPerseus as the most perfect Greek herou 2. Perfect man a man of ration and passion strong sense of public and private responsibility (perfect relatio

14、nship; filial and marital faithfulness) ideal family life and career第19页/共54页第十九页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。PerseusExtensionsu 1. atlantean: adj. exceedingly strong（像）巨人阿特拉斯的，力大无比的u 2. gorgonize: vt. 使吓呆 u 3. mount ones Pegasus: (humor) write a poemu 4. Perseus 英仙座 Andromeda 仙女座 Cepheus 仙王座 Cassiopeia 仙后座 Pega

15、sus 飞马座第20页/共54页第二十页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 1: Birth of Heraclesu1. Birth of Heracles (Hercules) Heracless mother was Alcmena or Alcmene, the wife of King Amphitryon of Thebes. His father was Zeus, the king of the gods, who disguised himself as Amphitryon and visited Alcmena on a night that

16、lasted as long as three ordinary nights. Alcmena gave birth to twins: Heracles, Zeuss son, and Iphicles, Amphitryons son. 第21页/共54页第二十一页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 1: Birth of Heraclesu2. The Milky Way V e r s i o n 1 : A l c m e n e abandoned the infant in a stony field. Athena picked up and He

17、ra suckled him. Version 2: Hermes carried the infant to Olympus and Zeus laid him at Heras breast while she slept. 第22页/共54页第二十二页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 1: Birth of Heraclesu3. Killing the snakes. Hera sent two giant snakes to kill Heracles in his cot / cradle. Heracles stood up and strangle

18、d the snakes with his bare hands. 第23页/共54页第二十三页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heraclesu1. The choice of HeraclesThe easy path of Pleasure and the rocky uphill path of Virtue. T h e c h o i c e between a short but glorious life and a long yet boring. 第24页/共54页第二十四页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一

19、分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heraclesu2. His madness It is said that out of the anger and jealousy, Hera drove him insane when Herales reached manhood. He killed his three children or, according to some, his wife. H e s e r v e d f o r t h e K i n g Eurystheus, his cousin, for twelve years.

20、 第25页/共54页第二十五页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heraclesu3. The Twelve LaborsThe twelve labors of Heracles were assigned to him by the king of Argos, Eurystheus, who was a weak and cowardly king. His disdain of Heracles was because of his courage and heroism of which the king had

21、none. The reason for these tasks were to appease the guilt Heracles bestowed upon himself after he had killed his children and wife (Megara) in a mad rage, which Hera had infused into Heracles mind. He went to Apollos temple (Delphi) to seek remedy for his wrong doings.第26页/共54页第二十六页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。

22、HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 1: to kill the Nemean Lion. Heracles wrestled with it. Finally he strangled the creature to death. He used its invincible pelt as armor and the head as helmet.第27页/共54页第二十七页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 2: to sla

23、y the nine-headed snake, Lernaean Hydra. One of the snaky heads was immortal. The snake can grow two or three more heads for each one it lost. His nephew Iolaus helped him.第28页/共54页第二十八页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heracles He chased it for one full year. He captured it withou

24、t drawing one drop of blood.uLabor 3: to find the brazen-footed, golden-horned stag / hind.第29页/共54页第二十九页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 4: to capture a wild boar that terrorized people around Mount Erymanthus. He wounded Chiron, King of the Centaur with one of his

25、 poisoned arrows, and the Centaur was made the star Centaur after agreeing to replace Prometheus.第30页/共54页第三十页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heracles第31页/共54页第三十一页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 5: to clean the Augean stables in a single day. H

26、eracles diverted two rivers nearby so that they flew into the Augean stable, swept then clean, and went on to cleanse the valley pastures.第32页/共54页第三十二页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 6: to destroy the countless brazen-beaked, brazen-clawed, brazen-winged, man-eati

27、ng birds in the Stymphalian Marsh.第33页/共54页第三十三页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 7: to capture a Cretean savage bull. Heracles wrestled it to the ground.第34页/共54页第三十四页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 8: to capture the four man-eatin

28、g mares of Diomedes, King of Thrace.第35页/共54页第三十五页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 9: to obtain the girdle of the fierce Amazonian warrior queen, Hippolyta.第36页/共54页第三十六页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 10: to fetch the famous cattl

29、e of the Geryon who was three-headed, six-handed, and three-bodied.第37页/共54页第三十七页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 11: to get the fruit from the golden-apple tree, Mother Earths wedding gift to Hera, from the garden of Hesperides on Mount Atlas.第38页/共54页第三十八页，编辑于星期日：

30、二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuLabor 12: to bring the three-headed watchdog of the Underworld, Cerberus, to the surface witout using any weapons. In the company of Athene and Hermes, Heracles accomplished his task and was finally ordered to give the terrible dog back.第39页/共54页第

31、三十九页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。Heracles第40页/共54页第四十页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of HeraclesuComment on his twelve Labors. to rid the land of devastating beasts (1-lion, 2-serpent, 6-birds, 10-cattle) and tame them into useful animals (3-stag, 4-boar, 7-bull, 8-horses, 10-cattle); to develo

32、p and protect agriculture and husbandry (irrigation 5); to conquer new land (9-Amazons, 11-gold apples, 12-death) or better understanding of human life and death (12-death).第41页/共54页第四十一页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 2: Twelve Labors of Heraclesu4. His twelve minor Labors1. Killing a huge lion nea

33、r Mount Cithaeron. 2. Slaying Cacus, son of Hephaestus and Medusa; a cattle thief. 3. Crushing Antaeus, a Giant son of Poseidon and Gaia. 4. Killing Busiris, the cruel Egyptian King who sacrificed strangers who entered his kingdom. 5. Slaying Eryx, a boxer. 6. Accompanying the Argonauts. 7. Assistin

34、g the gods in the war against the Giants, enabling Zeus to win. 8. Conquering Laomedon and plundering Troy 7-9 years before the Trojan War. 9. Clearing Queen Omphales country of Lydia of a huge serpent and robbers. 10. Restoring Tyndareus to the throne of Sparta. 11. Defeating Achelous by wrestling

35、for the hand of Deianeira. 12. Rescuing Hesione from a sea monster.第42页/共54页第四十二页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesPassage 3: Heracles Love and Deathu1. He slept with 50 princesses in one night or, as some say, one daughter each night.u2. First marriage was to Megara.u3. Another marriage was to Deianeira.u4.

36、His famous love affair was with Omphale.u5. Another love affair was with Iole.u6. He married Hebe after his death as an immortal.u7. He had quite a lot of homosexual relationships, of which the most notable were with Abderus and Hylas.第43页/共54页第四十三页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesFeatures/Structures of the

37、story u1. divine parentage (Zeus and Alcmene, granddaughter of Perseus and the wife of king Amphitryon) u2. oracle/omen before birth (Zeus foretells his name and kingship) u3. unnatural / difficult conception/birth (visited her in the form of her husband and lies with her for three days; Hera delays

38、 the birth of Heracles, until Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, a seven-month child, lies in his cradle,so Heracles was one hour too late for the kingship of the Perseuss house; 3 months overdue and 2 months later) 第44页/共54页第四十四页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesFeatures/Structures of the story u4. being abandone

39、d and rescued (his mother leaves him in a field to be fed by Hera; taken to Olympus to be fed by Hera) u5. proof of divine birth (strangled to death the big snakes sent by Hera; his different behavior from that of his twin brother Iphicles) u6. oracle remade (gives up his kingship to obtain divinity

40、 on condition that he fulfill the 12 labors set by Eurystheus, his cousin king; chooses between the easy path of Pleasure and the rocky uphill path of Virtue)第45页/共54页第四十五页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesFeatures/Structures of the story u7. recognition refused / delayed (suddenly turns mad and kills his 3 c

41、hildren and his wife; told by oracle to enslave himself to his cousin Eurystheus for 12 years) u8. villain causing harm or giving challenge (Eurystheus / Hera assigns him to the Labors) u9. agreeing to accomplish the task and leaves home u10. combat with monster (the 1st labor) 第46页/共54页第四十六页，编辑于星期日

42、：二点 三十一分。HeraclesFeatures/Structures of the story u11. winning a princess u12. setback: falling into a fit of madness or quick temper and to be punished u13. leaving home for another task or adventure u14. combat with monster (2nd labor) u15. winning another princess/mistress u uThe oracle fulfilled

43、: Death and Divinity第47页/共54页第四十七页，编辑于星期日：二点 三十一分。HeraclesHeracles, the archetypal Greek hero u1. The divine power Superhuman, invincible physical power that transcends human limitations Divine wisdom, sense of justice and will power Heroic achievements Immortality u2. The human limitation: Little control of himself quick temper and fits of madness and the resulting cruelty, violence and destruction incapable of emotional and sexual faithfulnessuIn another word, he represents man as the greatest