Unit7TheSilkRoad丝绸之路学习课程

1、Part II. Creativity and Exchange第1页/共59页第一页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。Unit 7 The Silk Road第2页/共59页第二页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。What does The Silk Road refer to ?3第3页/共59页第三页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。IntroductionIntroduction The Silk Road refers to the The Silk Road refers to the ancient trade routeancient trade route connecting Asia co

2、nnecting Asia Continent and European Continent, usually it can be classified into Continent and European Continent, usually it can be classified into Northern Silk Road Northern Silk Road on the landon the land，Southern Silk RoadSouthern Silk Road on the land and on the land and the Silk Road on the

3、 seathe Silk Road on the sea. .第4页/共59页第四页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。IntroductionIntroduction The Northern Silk Road The Northern Silk Road on the land usually on the land usually refers to the routes start from refers to the routes start from ChanganChangan(now (now Xian), Xian), travelling west to Wuweitravell

4、ing west to Wuwei, passing , passing though though Hexi Corridor Hexi Corridor to to DunhuangDunhuang and go west and go west to Europe.to Europe.第5页/共59页第五页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。IntroductionIntroduction The The Southern Silk Road Southern Silk Road on the land usually refers on the land usually refers to t

5、he route starts to the route starts from Sichuan Province and go from Sichuan Province and go south to India and Burmasouth to India and Burma. This road has also . This road has also played a great role in the war between China and played a great role in the war between China and Japan.Japan.第6页/共5

6、9页第六页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。IntroductionIntroduction The Silk Road on the sea The Silk Road on the sea mainly started from mainly started from Guangzhou,Quanzhou,DenGuangzhou,Quanzhou,Dengzhou,Yangzhou,and gzhou,Yangzhou,and Mingzhou portsMingzhou ports, then , then it goes it goes easteast to to Korea,Japan

7、Korea,Japan, , southsouth to to East-southern countriesEast-southern countries and and westwest to Europe and to Europe and AfricaAfrica. .第7页/共59页第七页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。 The Northern Silk The Northern Silk Road on the Road on the land is the most famous,and land is the most famous,and We know it very wel

8、l.We know it very well.第8页/共59页第八页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。BeginningBeginning Its very Its very hard to say exactly hard to say exactly when the Silk Road started.when the Silk Road started. Many incoherent small scale Many incoherent small scale trade routes have existed trade routes have existed long ago. Th

9、ey can be long ago. They can be considered as the earliest considered as the earliest Silk Road beginning form.Silk Road beginning form. 第9页/共59页第九页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。10Originating from Changan(the present-day Xian),the route traversed Shanxi Province,the hexi corridor in Gansu province ,the Tarim Basin

10、in Xingjing,the Pamir mountain region ,Afghanistan,Iran, Iraq and Syria, ending at Mediterranean. 第10页/共59页第十页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。THE SILK ROAD Han Dynasty The Silk Road formally started after Zhang Qians visiting as an envoy to Western Region in Western Han Dynasty. He went there twice separately in 138

11、B.C and 119 B.C. He plays an important role in exploring the Silk Road.第11页/共59页第十一页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。12(164BC114BC)An explorer, traveler and diplomat in Han dynasty.第12页/共59页第十二页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。Why sent Zhang Qian ?13第13页/共59页第十三页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。14 The ancient Silk Road in northwest China has a history of

12、more than two thousand years. Originally, the Chinese traded silk internally within the empire. Caravans旅行队from the empires interior would carry silk to the western edges of the region. They were often attacked by the small Central Asian tribes who wanted to capture the traders valuable commodities.

13、 Trail Blazer of THE SILK ROAD第14页/共59页第十四页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。15 The expansion of the Han empire made the Silk road possible by opening up trade routes. In order to protect these caravans and assure the safety of the trade, the Han Government dispatched General ZhangQian as an envoy to build good relatio

14、nships with these tribes. Trail Blazer of THE SILK ROAD第15页/共59页第十五页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。 Zhang Qian was sent to make an alliance with the Huns, which was never successful. He did however learn about crops such as grapes, a more powerful horse for combat, and established trade relationships. The father of

15、the Silk RoadThe father of the Silk RoadZhang Qian -father of Silk Road第16页/共59页第十六页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。17THE SILK ROAD Han Dynasty Starting from Changan, todays Xian, which was the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang led his team across the vast Western Regions and reached Loulan, Guizi and Yutian

16、states and established trade relations with these small kingdoms. 第17页/共59页第十七页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。THE SILK ROAD Han Dynasty After Zhang Qian, Ban Chao took on a mission to the Western Region, smoothing the Silk Road that had been blocked by external wars. His assistant Gan Ying reached Daqin (ancient Rom

17、e) and even went to Persian Gulf, extended the Silk Road. 第18页/共59页第十八页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。19THE SILK ROAD Loulan, Guizi and Yutian were three important states in the Western Region at that time. They were all abandoned for uncertain reasons and travelers today can see ruins of these three once flourishin

18、g places. 第19页/共59页第十九页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。20THE SILK ROAD Zhangs officers went even further into the central Asia. All of the kingdoms that Zhang and his team had visited sent their envoys to visit Changan (todays Xian) to express their appreciation for the new relationship and show their respect to the

19、Han Government. 第20页/共59页第二十页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。21THE SILK ROAD From then on, merchants could travel on the silk route safely, and they began to explore this new route in order to carry silk from China to other parts of the world. 第21页/共59页第二十一页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。 Silk was a valuable trade good because it was

20、 a cloth that was strong, warm, light, and soft. It was valuable because at the time only the Chinese knew how to make it. Under Han rule revealing the silk making process was punishable by death.Silk as a trade goodSilk as a trade good第22页/共59页第二十二页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。What did the Silk Road function in t

21、he past?23-Trade route-A bridage that linked Ancient China to the outside world-第23页/共59页第二十三页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。The Silk Road was one of the reasons the Han dynasty prospered with a network of smaller trade routes that stretched more than four thousand miles.The Roman empire dominated the Mediterranean,

22、 but the silk road connected both powerful empires and linked the people of the east and the west for over a thousand years. The Silk RoadThe Silk Road第24页/共59页第二十四页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。 When people of other culture learned about silk, it was a highly prized material. The roman wanted silk and it was consi

23、dered luxury item. The Roman traded glassware and gold something the Chinese really wanted.Rome trades glassware for silkRome trades glassware for silk第25页/共59页第二十五页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty government The Tang Dynasty government paid more attention to the Silk paid more attention

24、to the Silk RoadRoad.Unlike the Silk Road in Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty had .Unlike the Silk Road in Han Dynasty, Tang Dynasty had control over some areas of Western Region and Central Asia control over some areas of Western Region and Central Asia along the road, establishing effective and sturdy or

25、ders, along the road, establishing effective and sturdy orders, which which cleared obstacles for Chinese businessmencleared obstacles for Chinese businessmen. .第26页/共59页第二十六页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。27THE SILK ROAD The famous Chinese Monk Xuanzang in Tang Dynasty traveled along the Silk Road during the Tang D

26、ynasty. 第27页/共59页第二十七页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。28THE SILK ROAD The famous Chinese Monk Xuanzang in Tang Dynasty traveled along the Silk Road during the Tang Dynasty. Xuanzang began his trip from Changan (todays Xian) and passed through the GanSu Corridor, HaMi, TurPan and continued his journey westward to Indi

27、a. Xuanzang was surprised by the warm reception he received along his way. 第28页/共59页第二十八页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。29THE SILK ROAD It was commonly believed that people in those states were brutal, wild and uncontrollable. Xuangzangs trip changed the attitude toward the nomadic tribes in the Western Region and t

28、his contributed greatly to the Tang governments friendly relationship with these states. 第29页/共59页第二十九页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。Tang Dynasty After An Shi Rebellion in Tang Dynasty, the empire fell down. By 760 AD, the Tang Government had lost control of the Western Region and the trade on the Silk Road was hal

29、ted. 第30页/共59页第三十页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。Yuan Dynasty The silk road on the land revived greatly during Yuan Dynasty period when China became largely dependent on its silk trade. Genghis Khan conquered all the small states, unified China and built a large empire under his rule. 第31页/共59页第三十一页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。32T

30、HE SILK ROADYuan Dynasty Trade along the Silk Road reached its zenith during this period. The famous traveler Marco Polo traveled along the Silk Road visiting DaDu that is todays Beijing and wrote his famous book about the orient and introduced China to western countries systematically.第32页/共59页第三十二

31、页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。33THE SILK ROAD As overland trade became increasingly dangerous, and travel by sea became more popular, trade along the Silk Road declined. While the Chinese did maintain a silk-fur trade with the Russians north of the original Silk Route. 第33页/共59页第三十三页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。Declination By th

32、e end of the fourteenth century, trade and travel along the road had decreased significantly. Gradually it was replaced by the Silk Road on the sea.第34页/共59页第三十四页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。35THE SILK ROAD The Silk Road was definitely an important path for cultural, commercial and technological exchange between t

33、raders, merchants,pilgrim ,missionaries even soldiers. During more than 2000 years, the road improved the transfer from nomads to urban dwellers across the Asian continent even the countries bordering upon Mediterranean.第35页/共59页第三十五页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。Influence The Silk Road greatly promoted the exchang

34、es of economy, technology and culture among the Asian, the European and the African.it made the whole world colorful. 第36页/共59页第三十六页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。 The Silk road was not one continuous route, but a series of shorter trade routes so the goods could change many time before reaching the final destinatio

35、n. From Luoyang , the silk road led west along the Gobi Desert to Dunhuang in Northwestern China. Travelers rode a Camel on the eastern silk road. From Dunhuang travelers choose either a northern or southern route across the Takliman desert to Kashgar. Travelers faced many problems such as bandits o

36、ften attacking, sandstorms, and lack of water. The Eastern Silk RoadThe Eastern Silk Road第37页/共59页第三十七页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。 Silk was the perfect trading good, because it was light and valuable. Goods had to be easily carried so that merchants could transport more goods on fewer animals. Besides silk, the

37、Chinese also traded fine dishware, ornaments, jewelry, cast iron products, and decorative boxes. The Chinese received a variety of trades for their goods such as horses, jade, furs, gold, cotton, spices, pearls, and ivory. Goods exchanged along the Goods exchanged along the eastern silk roadeastern

38、silk road第38页/共59页第三十八页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。 Kashgar was the central trading point and they traveled Westward. Instead of carrying goods by camel they carried goods by Yak. The Western Silk road went through mountains, deserts, and then finally reached the Mediterranean ports. The dangers of the Western Si

39、lk road were treacherous Mountains know as “Trail of bones.” In the Syrian Desert traders were threatened by tigers, lions, and scorpions. The Western Silk RoadThe Western Silk Road第39页/共59页第三十九页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。 Rome sent a number of products to be exchanged for Chinese silk such as vases, trays, smal

40、l bottles, asbestos, and gold. Tiberius the emperor of Rome passed a law where it was illegal to wear silk. It was believed that Tiberius though it would make the Romans look soft and weak, but many believed it was because of the shortage of gold. Goods excahnged along the Goods excahnged along the

41、western silk roadwestern silk road第40页/共59页第四十页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。 The trade between east and west created cultural diffusion. With the sharing of cultures such as India, Buddhism spread throughout china and other surrounding civilizations. Food were also brought throughout the silk road. China imported

42、new food such as grapes, figs, pomegranates, and walnuts. The West imported oranges, peaches, pears, and different flowers such as chrysanthemums.Cultural Exchanges and the Silk Cultural Exchanges and the Silk RoadRoad第41页/共59页第四十一页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。42THE SILK ROAD The emergence of the Silk Road vigorou

43、sly promoted the East-West economic, cultural exchanges, and contributed to the rise of the Han Dynasty. Further more, that route is a key pathway of Intercourse between East and West, either.第42页/共59页第四十二页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。43 As the road to the west was popularly known for its trade of silk, which was

44、priced as valuable as gold, that commercial route came to be known as the Silk Road.第43页/共59页第四十三页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。44.Routes of the Silk RoadGenerally speaking , there were two major routes: one was overland, the other was across the Indian Ocean.第44页/共59页第四十四页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。45 The sea route of “Silk Ro

45、ad” normally starts from Guangxi or else port towns on the southeastern coast of China. A fleet extends its voyage through the sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, South China Sea, the Bay of Bengal（孟加拉湾）, around the Malay Peninsula, off the coast of Burma, and came to Southeast Asia and the India Peninsul

46、a. Then, it continues along a route across the Indian Ocean, the Arab Sea, the Persian Gulf(波斯湾), the Red sea and finally arrives at destination ports of Africa or Europe.第45页/共59页第四十五页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。46Guangxithe sea of Japanthe Bay of Bengalthe India Peninsulathe Persian Gulf第46页/共59页第四十六页，编辑于星期日：七点 五分。47 With the development of seamanship and navigation, particularly after Zhenghe successfully sailed to the We