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毕 业 设 计（论 文）外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文译文题目： 基于ANSYS的汽车车架结构有限元分析 学生姓名： 学 号： 专 业： 所在学院： 指导教师： 职 称： 20xx年 2月 27日说明：要求学生结合毕业设计（论文）课题参阅一篇以上的外文资料，并翻译至少一万印刷符（或译出3千汉字）以上的译文。译文原则上要求打印（如手写，一律用400字方格稿纸书写），连同学校提供的统一封面及英文原文装订，于毕业设计（论文）工作开始后2周内完成，作为成绩考核的一部分。 Automotive safety systems and technology research and analysisAuto parts of good and bad will directly affect the safety of the car, are directly related to the peoples life safety and security in wealth. This article mainly from the cars active safety technology and passive safety technology two aspects elaborated the importance of car parts, and how to improve the safety of the car. OneAutomobile active security technology 1. ABS braking system Anti-lock Braking System (Anti-lock Braking System, referred to as ABS) consists of ABS computers, hydraulic device, the wheel speed sensors, brake hydraulic pipeline and electrical wiring etc. Their structures are shown below. ABS tasseled for the car in various driving conditions braking performance and brake safety particularly important, especially is emergency braking, can make full use of the peak between tire and road surface adhesion properties, improve performance and reduce automobile fight side slip braking distance, give full play to the braking performance, but also increase the automobile braking process control. So as to reduce the possibility of car accidents. 2the ASR drive torque control system ABS are used to prevent car braking process wheel lock, will wheel sliding rate control in ideal range, so as to shorten the braking distance, improve automobile braking direction stability and steering control, so as to improve the safety of the car. Along with the increase of vehicle performance requirements, not only in braking process required to prevent wheel lock, and asked the driver to prevent drive roller skating turn in the process, making cars in the direction stability, driving process steering control ability and acceleration performance, so are improved by the car drive torque steering system ASR (Accelerations Slip Regulation) . ASR is the perfect complement and ABS ASR, but most alone is set with ABS combined together, commonly used ABS/ASR says, called anti-skid control system. ASR is mainly used to prevent car in the beginning, accelerate the wheels, guarantee slip in the car accelerated rate and improve the stability in bad pavement drive attached conditions. It makes no difference speed in the car lock ice roads and muddy road started and to improve its capacity, also can prevent high in speed by turning cars gliding pavement and rear lateral spreads phenomenon. Anyhow, prevent the wheel because ASR slip, can maximize the engine driving moment of cars ，had enough ensured the longitudinal force, lateral force and manipulation of power, make cars in starting, steering and accelerate the process, in gliding and muddy road, in a mountain area downhill process can steadily driving, guarantees the safety, reducing tire wear and fuel consumption, and improves the car driving capability. 3VDC system VDC of steering control system is mainly by driving for each wheel brake control and engine power output control to realize. For example, if the car turn left front wheel for steering the inadequate capacity tend to slip out of the corner, VDC system can measure imminent, just know lateral spreads left rear brake adopt appropriate measures. If at the same corner, because rear wheel tend to slip out of favor of lateral overmuch, VDC system is proper braking to front-right wheel failure, maintain the stability of the vehicle driving. In extreme cases, VDC system can also take reduce engine to reduce the power output, and to reduce the speed of the demand side adhesion ability to maintain the stability of the vehicle driving. Adopt VDC system, automobile in folio pavement or corner of pavement braking distance still can further reduce. 4 CCS cars cruise control system Auto cruise Control System (Cruiser Control System, abbreviation for CCS) is can make automobile work in engine favorable speed range, reduce drivers driving manipulate labor intensity, improve the driving comfort the automatic driving device. Car cruising system (CCS) role is required by the driver: after a normally-closed switch, no speed on the accelerator pedal can automatically keep the speed, make the vehicle with the fixed speed. Using this device, when on the highway after a long time, the driver driving not have to control the accelerator pedal, reduce fatigue, while reducing unnecessary speed change, can reduce save fuel. Two. Automobile passive safety technology 1. Seat belt Car seat belt is a safety device, it can in car collision or sharp turn, make crew to keep its original position as possible without mobile and rotation, avoid collision with in-car hard parts caused damage. Seat belts and airbags, as modern cars are safety devices, but the long history of the former, popularize the scope. The seemingly simple seat belt actually not simple. Attention has been at the forefront of traffic safety, through the analysis of general motors after a car accident found: seat belt not only makes people protect the lives, can be in more than half of the accident to reduce or even eliminate drivers, motorists are the chance of injury. Car collision or unexpected emergency braking force generated great inertia, will allow the driver and passenger and car windscreen, steering wheel, seat, collision happened objects such as secondary to drive is caused extremely easily crew serious damage, even drive occupant seats or threw the apex, seat belts can will ride in the seat. Bondage personnel When has the accident, which can effectively prevent the collision, and its buffer role can absorbs a great deal of kinetic energy, reduce rides personnel extent of the injuries. 2. The airbag Under the condition of seat belt used in the crew, airbag helps reduce chest, head and facial injuries in the seriousness of the collision. When car collision happened before, the first is the car to stop motion, car under the action of inertial force crews to go forward with the original speed still sport. Not wearing a seat belt crews will and steering dish, front windscreen together, so it can be severely hurt; Wearing a seat belt as car stop the crew can stop moving forward movement and gradually. If collision violent, crew forward movement of the seat belts, even faster in the complete stop before motion, still collide with in-car things together. If this fashion in steering the disk or within the pop up balloon inflated dash, it can protect the occupant reduce the possibility of car together with things, more uniform dispersion head, chest, absorb the impact energy of movement, thus crew has added effect of seat belts. Three. Automobile active safety new technology 1. Eye Car skills Eye Car technology can make each driver eyes in the same relative height, guarantee of pavement and the surrounding a six-lane unimpeded sight and best visibility. This technology can also offer a specific driving environment. 2. Cam Car technology Cam Car technology aims to help improve the driver of perception. Four. Automobile passive safety new technology 1. Future airbags (1) It cans inflatable screen system. This is a new safety design; its basic principle is to protect in-car occupants head, when that happens it will carry on the air, air after the tent shape is swelling. (2) Tubular inflatable structure head air sac. This system for supplement current side protection system, still stopover in protecting the chest ,and abdomen, arm, to head protection were insufficient. It with rigid body structure, the door body protective just beams, side air sac, can form a complete side safe defend net, this will be the future security protection trend. (3) Head support system. Head support system generally called the headrest, vehicles which the headrest, with seats, not just for comfortable fact is more important to safety. Vehicle if in an emergency brake, the body will have strong to and fro, because the principle of inertia occupant body swinging, especially neck must follow. If no head support buffer headrest, neck injury caused by damage is very surprising. (4) The external airbags. 2. Adaptive constraint technology system (ARTS) New adaptive constraint technology system (ARTS) use a series of sensors to monitor the driver seat, seat belt use, in front of the occupant take quality and location and intensity of the collision of the collisions and collision force direction, then according to the specific information such as the collision of each front airbag characteristics of the crew on regulated. The system can further reduce due to improper airbag for crew on the damage, especially for smaller front row figure crew. 3. Automobile energy-absorbing direction column Automobile energy-absorbing direction column through collisions of redistribution to steering wheel wallop, would wallop path to deliver shunt quickly, making the minimum of load on the steering wheel. The steering column by hollow tubes and steering bearings form. Traditional hollow tubes and the steering column steering bearings is integral, steering shaft top and steering connections, the connecting with direction below. And suck can direction string of characteristic is will the steering column in two, divided into unblock steering column and the steering column under two parts; Inside of the steering shaft also divided into two sections, with outgoing quarter agencies between them connected. Once a collision make direction, outgoing quarter mechanism has displacement bottom tailor-made steering shaft will fold, under the steering column move on the steering column, to achieve indented within and thus expand space reduce damage.Five. The tire pressure monitoring system How to prevent a blowout has become an important task of safe driving. According to the national quality supervise center of rubber tires in the expert analysis, maintain the standard tire pressure driving and the timely discovery tire is the key to prevent puncture. Tire Pressure and Monitoring System (TPMS) - car Tire Pressure Monitoring System will no doubt is the ideal tool. The system is mainly used in automobile driving to tire pressure real-time automatic monitoring; to a flat tire and depression are the police, in order to ensure safety. Drivers from the monitors can know each tire pressure value, when tire pressure below the club set pressure limit, monitor will automatically alarm. Anyhow, car active safety technology and passive safety technology for the safety of automobile driving is very important, and besides, such as environmental factor, artificial factor of the vehicle safety is also very important. Therefore, we must be prepared to all aspects of requirements and technology, to ensure the safety of vehicle driving. 汽车安全系统技术研究与分析汽车零部件的好坏将直接影响到汽车的安全，直接关系到人民群众的生命安全和财产安全。本文主要从汽车的主动安全技术和被动安全技术两个方面阐述了汽车零部件的重要性，以及如何提高汽车的安全性。一、汽车主动安全技术1ABS防抱死制动系统防抱死制动系统(防抱死制动系统,简称ABS)由制动系统、液压装置、车轮速度传感器、制动液压管路及电气接线等组成。其结构如下。ABS系统的汽车在各种行驶条件下的制动性能和制动安全尤为重要，特别是紧急制动，能充分利用轮胎表面和道路之间的峰值粘附性能，提高汽车抗侧滑性能并缩短制动距离，充分发挥制动性能，同时也增加了汽车制动过程的控制。从而减少汽车事故的可能性。2. ASR驱动扭矩控制系统汽车制动系统是防止汽车制动过程车轮锁死，将车轮的滑动速度控制在理想的范围内，从而缩短制动距离，提高汽车制动方向稳定性和转向操纵性，从而提高汽车的安全性。随着对汽车性能要求的提高，不仅要求在制动过程中防止车轮锁死，并且要求司机在驾驶过程中防止驱动轮滑转，使汽车在驱动过程中的方向稳定性、转向控制能力和加速性能都得到提高，所以都是通过汽车驱动扭矩转向系统ASR（加速度滑差调节）改进的。ASR是ABS的完善和补充，但大多数单独设置的ASR与ABS结合在一起，常用ABS/ASR表示，称为防滑控制系统。ASR主要用来防止汽车在起步、加速时的车轮滑转，保证汽车在滑加速率的稳定性并改善在不良路面附着条件驱动。它能使得汽车在冰雪道路和泥泞道路上以无差异速度开始并且提高其承载能力，也能防止高速行驶的车辆通过滑动路面时时汽车后部的侧滑现象。总之，由于ASR防止了车轮的滑转，可以最大限度地提高汽车的发动机驱动力矩，充分保证了汽车的纵向力、侧向力和操纵力，使汽车在起动、转向和加速过程中，在滑动和泥泞的道路，在山区下坡过程中都能稳定地行驶，保证安全，减少轮胎磨损和燃料消耗，提高汽车驾驶能力。3 VDC系统VDC转向控制系统主要是通过驱动每个车轮的制动控制和发动机输出功率控制来实现的。例如，如果汽车转动左前轮由于转向能力不足而容易滑出弯道，VDC系统便可测出侧滑即将发生，可以仅仅凭借知道侧滑左后制动就采取适当措施。如果在同一个弯道，因为后轮趋于侧向滑出过多，VDC系统就会采取适当的制动右前轮的办法，维持稳定的车辆驾驶。在极端的情况下，VDC系统还可采取降低发动机的输出功率来降低行驶车速，并降低速度的侧向附着能力的需求保持稳定的车辆驾驶。采用VDC系统，汽车在对开路面或弯道路面上的制动距离还可以进一步减短。4. CCS汽车巡航控制系统汽车巡航控制系统（巡航控制系统，简称CCS）是可以使汽车发动机工作在发动机良好的速度范围内，减少驾驶员操纵疲劳强度，提高驾驶舒适性的自动驾驶装置。汽车巡航系统（CCS）的作用是：按司机所要求的常闭开关之后，不用踩油门踏板就可以自动保持汽车行驶车速，使车辆以固定的速度行驶。在高速公路上长时间使用该装置后，驾驶者不必控制油门踏板，减少疲劳，同时减少不必要的速度变化，可减少燃油消耗。二、汽车被动安全技术1安全带汽车安全带是一种安全装置，它能在汽车碰撞或急转弯时，使机组保持其原有的位置，尽可能不移动和旋转，避免在汽车碰撞时造成损坏。座椅安全带和安全气囊，同是作为现代汽车的安全装置，但是前者的历史悠久，普及范围广。看似简单的安全带其实并非“简单”。注意力在交通安全的最前沿，通过对通用汽车再一次事故中的调查分析发现：安全带不仅能保护人们的生命，而且能在一半以上的事故中减少甚至消除驾驶者，乘车者受伤的机会。汽车碰撞或突发紧急制动时会产生很大的惯性作用力，将会使司机、乘客、汽车挡风玻璃、转向盘、座椅之间发生二次碰撞，这是极其容易造成很严重的伤害，甚至将驾乘员抛离座位或抛出车外，而安全带能将驾乘人员束缚在座位上。当有事故发生时，可以有效地防止碰撞，而且它的缓冲作用能吸收大量动能，减少乘坐人员受伤的程度。2安全气囊在乘员使用座椅安全带的情况下，气囊有助于在严重性的碰撞中减少胸部，头部和面部的伤害。当汽车发生碰撞的时候，首先是汽车停止运动，汽车在惯性力的作
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