2022年2021英语全国卷1-含答案,推荐文档

1、2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷 ) (时间： 120 分钟满分： 150 分)本试卷分第卷 (选择题 )和第卷 (非选择题 )两部分。第卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分 30 分)(见专题十四 ) 第二部分阅读理解 (共两节，满分 40 分) 第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(a、b、c 和 d)中，选出最佳选项。athe cambridge science festival curiosity challengedare to take the curiosity challenge!the cambridge sc

2、ience festival (csf) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual curiosity challenge.the challenge invites，even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world. students are being d

3、ared to draw a picture ，write an article，take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about.to enter the challenge ，all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the cambridge science festival ，mit museum ，265 mass avenue ，cambridge 02139 by friday，february 8th. students who en

4、ter the curiosity challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the csf on sunday ，april 21st.guest speakers will also present prizes to the students.winning entries will be published in a book.student entries will be exhibited and prizes will be given.families o

5、f those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served. between march 10th and march 15th，each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the curiosity challenge celebration.the program guidelines and other related information are available at ：http：/

6、. 21who can take part in the curiosity challenge? aschool students. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -bcambridge locals. ccsf winners. dmit artists. 22when wi

7、ll the prizegiving ceremony be held? aon february 8th. bon march 10th. con march 15th. don april 21st. 23what type of writing is this text? aan exhibition guide. ban art show review. can announcement. dan official report. bpassenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the united states in unbelievable

8、 numbers.written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours. it was calculated that when its population reached its highest point ，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird pop

9、ulation in the united states ，making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller，a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near cincinnati. sadly，the abundance of passenger pigeons may h

10、ave been their undoingwhere the birds were most abundant ，people believed there was an everlasting supply and killed them by the thousands.commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain，waited until pigeons had settled to feed ，then threw large nets over them ，taking hundreds at a t

11、ime.the birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -by the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pige

12、ons nested had been damaged by americans need for wood，which scattered( 驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north ，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.soon the great flocks were gone， never to be seen again. in 1897，the state of michigan passed a law p

13、rohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons， but by then， no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.the last confirmed wild pigeon in the united states was shot by a boy in pike county ，ohio，in 1900.for a time，a few birds survived under human care.the last of them ，known affectionate

14、ly as martha，died at the cincinnati zoological garden on september 1 ，1914. 24in the 18th and early 19th centuries ，passenger pigeons _ awere the biggest bird in the world blived mainly in the south of america cdid great harm to the natural environment dwere the largest bird population in the us 25t

15、he underlined word“undoing ”probably refers to the pigeons _aescape bruin cliberation devolution 26what was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? ato seek pleasure. bto save other birds. cto make money. dto protect crops. 27what can we infer about the law passed in michigan? ait was

16、ignored by the public. bit was declared too late. cit was unfair. dit was strict. ca typical lion tamer (驯兽师 ) in people s mind is an entertainer holding a whip 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 16 页 - - - -

17、- - - - -(鞭)and a chair.the whip gets all of the attention ，but its mostly for show.in reality，it s the chair that does the important work.when a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion s face，the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.with its focus divided， the li

18、on becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next.when faced with so many options ，the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair. how often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion ？how often do you have something you want to achieve (eg.lose w

19、eight ，start a business ，travel more ) only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress? this upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best，the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the

20、 conflicting information.the end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things，and so we take less action，make less progress ，and stay the same when we could be improving. it doesnt have to be that way.anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face，rememb

21、er this ：all you need to do is focus on one thing.you just need to get started.starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people.if you have somewhere you want to go ，something you want to accomplish，someone you want to become.take immediate action.if youre clear about where y

22、ou want to go ，the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way. 28why does the lion tamer use a chair? ato trick the lion. bto show off his skills. cto get ready for a fight. dto entertain the audience. 29in what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair? athey fee

23、l puzzled over choices. bthey hold on to the wrong things. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -cthey find it hard to make changes. dthey have to do something for show. 30what is the author

24、s attitude towards the experts mentioned in paragraph 3? atolerant. bdoubtful. crespectful. dsupportive. 31when the world is“waving a chair in your face”，youre advised to _await for a better chance bbreak your old habits cmake a quick decision dask for clear guidance das more and more people speak t

25、he global languages of english，chinese，spanish ，and arabic，other languages are rapidly disappearing.in fact ，half of the 6，0007，000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century ，according to the united nations educational，scientific，and cultural organization (unesc

26、o)in an effort to prevent language loss ， scholars from a number of organizationsunesco and national geographic among themhave for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect. mark turin，a scientist at the macmillan center ，yale university，who specializes in the languag

27、es and oral traditions of the himalayas ， is following in that_tradition his recently published book ， agrammarofthangmi withan ethnolinguisticintroduction to the speakersand their culture，grows out of his experience living，working and raising a family in a village in nepal. documenting the thangmi

28、language and culture is just a starting point for turin ，who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the himalayan reaches of india，nepal，bhutan，and china.but he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record. at the university of cambridge turi

29、n discovered a wealth of important 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -materialsincluding photographs， films， tape recordings ， and field noteswhich had remained unstudied and were badly i

30、n need of care and protection. now，through the two organizations that he has foundedthe digital himalaya project and the world oral literature projectturin has started a campaign to make such documents ，found in libraries and stores around the world ，available not just to scholars but to the younger

31、 generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.thanks to digital technology and the widely available internet，turin notes，the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities. 32many scholars are making efforts to _ apromote global languages br

32、escue disappearing languages csearch for language communities dset up language research organizations 33what does “that tradition”in paragraph 3 refer to?ahaving full records of the languages. bwriting books on language teaching. ctelling stories about language users. dliving with the native speaker

33、s. 34what is turins book based on?athe cultural studies in india. bthe documents available at yale. chis language research in bhutan. dhis personal experience in nepal. 35which of the following best describes turins work?awrite，sell and donate. brecord，repair and reward. ccollect，protect and reconne

34、ct. ddesign，experiment and report. 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -第二节 (共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分) 根据短文内容， 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。the jobs of the future have not yet been inven

35、ted._36_ by helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 1curiosity your children need to be deeply curious._37_ ask kids ，“what ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？”and then try them out.did those ingredients mak

36、e the pancakes better？what could we try next time? 2creativity true creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it._38_ there are a dozen different things you can do with them.experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping the

37、m develop their creativity. 3interpersonal skills understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.we know whats going on inside our own head，but what about others？being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions._39_ “why do you think shes c

38、rying？”“ can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“ if someone were to do that to you ，how would you feel？”4selfexpression _40_ there are many ways to express thoughts and ideasmusic， acting， drawing，building，photography.you may find that your child is attracted by one more than

39、another. aencourage kids to cook with you. band we can t forget science education. cwe can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. dso how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist?egardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. 精品学习资料 可选择p d

40、 f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 7 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -fwe can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. gbeing able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 第三部分英语知识运用 (共两节，

41、满分 45 分) 第一节完形填空 (共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(a、b、c 和 d)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。as a general rule ，all forms of activity lead to boredom when they are performed on a routine(常规)basis.as a matter of fact ， we can see this _41_ at work in people of all _42_ for example， on christmas morni

42、ng ， children are excited about _43_ with their new toys.but their _44_ soon wears off and by january those _45_ toys can be found put away in the basement.the world is full of _46_ stamp albums and unfinished models，each standing as a monument to someones _47_ interest.when parents bring home a pet

43、，their child _48_ bathes it and brushes its fur.within a short time，however，the _49_ of caring for the animal is handed over to the parents.adolescents enter high school with great _50_ but are soon looking forward to _51_ the same is true of the young adults going to college.and then ， how many _52

44、_，who now complain(抱怨)about the long drives to work，_53_ drove for hours at a time when they first_54_ their drivers licenses(执照)？before people retire，they usually _55_ to do a lot of _56_ things，which they never had _57_ to do while working.but _58_ after retirement， the golfing， the fishing， the r

45、eading and all of the other pastimes become as boring as the jobs they _59_and，like the child in january，they go searching for new _60_ 41a.principle bhabit cway dpower 42a.parties braces ccountries dages 43a.working bliving cplaying dgoing 44a.confidence binterest canxiety dsorrow 45a.same bextra c

46、funny dexpensive 46a.wellorganized bcolorfully printed cnewlycollected dhalffilled 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 8 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -47a.broad bpassing cdifferent dmain 48a.silently bimpatiently cgladly

47、 dworriedly 49a.promise bburden cright dgame 50a.courage bcalmness cconfusion dexcitement 51a.graduation bindependence cresponsibility dsuccess 52a.children bstudents cadults dretirees 53a.carefully beagerly cnervously dbravely 54a.required bobtained cnoticed ddiscovered 55a.need blearn cstart dplan

48、 56a.great bstrange cdifficult dcorrect 57a.time bmoney cskills dknowledge 58a.only bwell ceven dsoon 59a.lost bchose cleft dquit 60a.pets btoys cfriends dcolleagues 第卷第三部分英语知识运用 (共两节，满分 45 分) 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15分) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于 3个单词 )或括号内单词的正确形式。are you facing a situation that loo

49、ks impossible to fix? in 1969，the pollution was terrible along the cuyahoga river near cleveland ，ohio.it _61_ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.the river was so polluted that it _62_ (actual) caught fire and burned.now，years later ，this river is one of _63_ most outstanding example

50、s of environmental cleanup. but the river wasnt changed in a few days _64_ even a few months.it took years of work _65_ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.finally ，that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is _66_(clean) than ever. maybe you are facing an impossible s

51、ituation.maybe you have a habit _67_ is driving your family crazy.possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control 精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 9 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -your credit card use.when you

52、face such an impossible situation，dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately? while there are _68_ (amaze) stories of instant transformation ，for most of us the _69_ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.just be _70_ (patience)

53、 第四部分写作(共两节，满分 35 分) 第一节短文改错 (共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分) 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。 每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意： 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改 10 处，多者 (从第 11 处起)不计分。nearly five years before， and with the help

54、by our father ， my sister and i planted some cherry tomatoes( 圣女果 )in our back garden. since thenfor all these yearwe had been allowing tomatoes to selfseed where they please. as result，the plants are growing somewhere. the fruits are small in size，but juicy and taste. there are so much that we ofte

55、n share them with our neighbors. although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year ，but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. we are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! 第二节书面表达 (满分 25 分) 假定你是李华， 计划暑假期间去英国学习英语，为期六周。 下面的广告引起了你的注意，请给该校写封信，询问有关情况(箭头所指内容 )。

56、精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 10 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -注意：1.词数 100左右。2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。3参考词汇：住宿 accommodation _ 2014 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试 (全国卷 ) 听力原文 (见专题十四 ) 【语篇解读】本文是一则关于第六届剑桥科技节的通知。21 a事实细节题。根据文章第一段中 “the cha

57、llenge invites ， even dares school students.show their curiosity ”可知，在校学生可以参加好奇心挑战，故选a。 22d事实细节题。根据文章第三段中“students who enter the.on sunday，april 21st.”可知颁奖仪式在 4 月 21 日举行，故选 d。 23 c推理判断题。根据文章第一段开头部分“ the cambridge science festival is pleased to inform you of.” 以及文章最后一段中“the program guidelines and oth

58、er.at：http：/. ”可知本文属于应用文中的“通知”。 【语篇解读】本文叙述了旅鸽逐渐消失的过程。24d事实细节题。 根据文章第一段所述在18和 19世纪，美国大群的旅鸽飞精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -精品学习资料 可选择p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 11 页，共 16 页 - - - - - - - - -起来可以遮住天空几个小时，所以美国旅鸽的数量是最大的，故选d。

59、25b词义猜测题。根据文章第三段中“ where the birds were abundant.by the thousands ” 可知旅鸽遭到捕杀，所以ruin 和 undoing 词义相似，故选 b。 26c事实细节题。 根据文章第二段中 “ commercial hunters attracted them.sold in restaurants ” 可知旅鸽遭到捕杀的主要原因是捕杀者要赚钱。故选c。 27b推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段中 “in 1897，the state of.for 10 years ”可知通过法律后的10 年， 鸽群数量仍然不多， 所以制定法律为时已晚，

60、故选 b。 【语篇解读】本文以驯兽师在驯兽时用椅子挡在狮子面前来分散它的注意力使狮子不知所措为引子，联想到当人们面临多种选择感到困惑时该怎么办？28a事实细节题。 根据文章第一段中 “ when a lion tamer holds a chair.what to do next.” 可知，驯兽师拿一把椅子是想哄骗狮子，故选a。 29a推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“ with its focus divided.what to do next”可知，当人们面临选择时和狮子面对椅子时的感觉相似，就是困惑，不知所措，故选 a。 30b推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“ this upsets me