专四听力之DICTATION

1、编辑ppt0 0第三讲：第三讲：听力听力编辑ppt1 1Part 2Part 1Part 4DICTATIONPart 3编辑ppt2短文听写短文听写 (Dictation)考试时间：考试时间：15分钟分钟总分：总分：15分分共一篇短文，长度约共一篇短文，长度约150个词，含个词，含15个左右意群，每个个左右意群，每个意群一分。共朗读四遍：第一，四遍以正常速度朗读，意群一分。共朗读四遍：第一，四遍以正常速度朗读，语速为每分钟语速为每分钟120个词；第二三遍朗读时意群，分句间个词；第二三遍朗读时意群，分句间会留出会留出15秒秒编辑ppt3（一）主题分析（一）主题分析 文体文体 ：说明文（：说明文

2、（exposition) 题材：题材： 介绍某物体或事物介绍某物体或事物 介绍某事物发展演变过程介绍某事物发展演变过程 介绍某类人介绍某类人 介绍某现象介绍某现象 介绍节日介绍节日 介绍语言或技巧介绍语言或技巧编辑ppt4介绍某物体或事物介绍某物体或事物7/19（1992-2010） 40% 1992 Paperless World 1995 Unidentified Flying Objects 2002 Disappearing Forests 2003 Salmon 2005 The Wrist Watch 2006 The Internet 2007 Advertising编辑ppt5

3、介绍某事物发展演变过程介绍某事物发展演变过程3/19 18%1994 Change of the American Family1998 The Railways in Britain2004 Money编辑ppt6介绍某类人介绍某类人2/19 12% 1996 The Medicine Man 2001 Characteristics of a Good Reader编辑ppt7介绍某现象介绍某现象3/19 18% 1993 Package Holidays 1997 Legal Age for Marriage 2008 Choosing a Career编辑ppt8介绍节日介绍节日2/1

4、9 1999 United Nations Day 2009 New Years Eve 编辑ppt9介绍语言或技巧介绍语言或技巧2/192000 Language2010 Freshmens Week编辑ppt10（二）常见错误分析（二）常见错误分析由音变现象而导致的错误由音变现象而导致的错误正确：More energy arrives at the earths surface in an hour than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 错误：More energy arrives at the earths surface in a

5、 how than is consumed in the world in a whole year.正确:It is up to the tour operator. 错误:Its up to the tour operator.正确：Can you imagine how difficult life would become. 错误：Can you imagine how difficult life will become.正确:Everywhere we turn, we find paper. 错误:Everywhere we turn, we fine paper.编辑ppt11

6、常见音变现象常见音变现象:连读连读连读，即语速加快时，两个或多个分属不同单词的相邻音连在一起读出的语音现象。连读，即语速加快时，两个或多个分属不同单词的相邻音连在一起读出的语音现象。常见的连读分为以下三种：常见的连读分为以下三种：辅音辅音+元音元音即第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一个单词以原因开头时，两个词连读。即第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一个单词以原因开头时，两个词连读。如：如：out and out sit up look out of辅音辅音+h音音即第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一格单词以清辅音即第一个单词以辅音结尾，下一格单词以清辅音h开头，前一辅音将击穿清辅音开头，前一辅音将击穿清辅音h，直接与

7、，直接与h后的原因相拼。后的原因相拼。如：如：giver her miss him is he busy字母字母r+元音元音即第一个单词以字母即第一个单词以字母r或者或者re结尾，下一个单词以原因开头，原本不发音的字母结尾，下一个单词以原因开头，原本不发音的字母r或或者者re发辅音发辅音r，并与后面的元音相拼。，并与后面的元音相拼。如：如：are in there are more and more where am I编辑ppt122004 Flight 5125 scheduled to take off at 11:30 will be delayed for 20 minutes. P

8、lease check in half an hour prior to departure.编辑ppt13常见音变现象常见音变现象:同化同化英语口语中，某些音，特别是辅音连读通常发生音变，称作音的同化英语口语中，某些音，特别是辅音连读通常发生音变，称作音的同化现象。现象。常见的同化变音有四个常见的同化变音有四个t+j not yet last yeard+j did you could you and youz+j because you seize yous+j suit issue编辑ppt14常见音变现象常见音变现象：弱音：弱音 弱音指元音的弱化，即一个单词中的元音在口语中，由于说话速

9、度弱音指元音的弱化，即一个单词中的元音在口语中，由于说话速度快或在句中处于次要位置而不发标准读音，变为弱化元音的现象。快或在句中处于次要位置而不发标准读音，变为弱化元音的现象。常见的弱音现象：常见的弱音现象： 长原因弱化为短原因长原因弱化为短原因 he been 元音前的辅音省略或辅音前的元音弱读元音前的辅音省略或辅音前的元音弱读 his have 元音弱化成？元音弱化成？ us for 编辑ppt15常见音变现象常见音变现象:失去爆破失去爆破/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/是是英语中的英语中的6个爆破音个爆破音。（爆破音是指发音器官（爆破音是指发音器官 在口腔中形成阻

10、碍，然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。）在口腔中形成阻碍，然后气流冲破阻碍而发出的音。）在在 某些某些 情况下，发爆破音时，气流不必冲破阻碍情况下，发爆破音时，气流不必冲破阻碍 ，而只是发音器官在口腔，而只是发音器官在口腔中形成阻碍，并稍做停顿，即做好发出这个爆破音的准备，但不要发出音来。中形成阻碍，并稍做停顿，即做好发出这个爆破音的准备，但不要发出音来。这类情况就叫做失去爆破或不完全爆破这类情况就叫做失去爆破或不完全爆破 。 编辑ppt16不完全爆破的几种可能不完全爆破的几种可能1. /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/这这6个爆破音中的任何两个音素相邻时个爆破音中的任何两个音

11、素相邻时,前者发不完全前者发不完全爆破音爆破音,后者则要完全地后者则要完全地，彻底地进行爆破。彻底地进行爆破。 I has a ba(d) col(d) today. You shoul(d) ta(k)e care of the children. Gla(d) to meet you.2.爆破音爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/在在/t?/, /d?/, /?/, /?/的前面时不完全爆破。的前面时不完全爆破。 Have you rea(d) the book about tha(t) child? The thir(d) chair is broken.3.爆

12、破音爆破音/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/在在/m/, /n/, /l/, /s/的前面时不完全爆破。的前面时不完全爆破。 Goo(d) morning, sir. Goo(d) night. They are very frien(d)ly to us.编辑ppt172009For many people in the west, New Years Eve is the biggest party of the year. Its time to get together with friends or family and welcome in the comin

13、g year.编辑ppt18B.由英美两种发音差异而导致的错误由英美两种发音差异而导致的错误 The fees and ceremonies vary (very) greatly from state and state.Todays family, however, can be composed of diverse combinations.(cambinations)There are carefully scheduled (.)stops.编辑ppt19英音和美音的几大区别英音和美音的几大区别美音中除了Mrs.中的“r”不卷舌之外，只要含有“r”字母的单词均要卷舌。spare b

14、urglar purpose chairman horse dirty ladder lecture weather编辑ppt20字母字母a的发音的发音ask cantdancefast halfpathchanceadvantageanswer.编辑ppt21字母字母o的读音的读音bottlepopularoddshopboxcrophotpolishspot.编辑ppt22美音中美音中/t/ 出现在两个元音之间且处于非重读位置出现在两个元音之间且处于非重读位置的时候，发音近似的时候，发音近似/d/lettermattercitybetterprettywaitorwinterchapter

15、.编辑ppt23字母字母u在在l, d, n, t 之后之后,发音不同发音不同dueproduceattitudestudentopportunitysupermarkettunestupid.编辑ppt24ile的发音不同的发音不同fertilehostilemissiletextile.编辑ppt25特殊的单词特殊的单词either neitherirecorddictionaryfactorylaboratoryhistory.编辑ppt26C.同音词与近音词同音词与近音词 同音词同音词 air-heir,aisle-isle,arent-aunt, bare-bear, brake-b

16、reak, bred-bread, buy-by, cell-sell, cent-scent, cereal-serial, coarse-course, complement-compliment, dam-damn, dear-deer, die-dye, eight-ate, eye-I, fair-fare, father-farther, flour-flower, for-four, forth-fourth, groan-grown, hair-hare, heal-heel, hear-here, herd-heard, hole-whole, hour-our, idle-

17、idol, knight-night, knot-not, know-no, knows-nose, knew-new, made-maid, mail-male, wring-ring, meat-meet, one-won, pair-pear, passed-past, peace-piece, plain-pear, poor-pour, pray-prey, principal-principle,profit-prophet,real-reel, right-write-rite, root-route, sail-sale, scene-sen,sea-see, seam-see

18、m, sew-so-sow, sight-site,steal-steel, sun-son,tail-tale, there-their,threw-through,tire-tyre, two-to-two, way-weigh, wear-where, weather-whether, week-weak, weight-wait, wood-would,wore-war, worn-warn编辑ppt27近音词近音词lead-lid, deed-did, peek-pickfool-full, pool-pullcart-cut, heart-hutmass-mess, bad-bed

19、, dad-deadfight-fat, bike-back, lack-likeveil-whale, vest-west, vet-wetsign-shine, sigh-shy, same-shamecourse-cause,fuss-fuzz,house-house,loose-loseworth-worse,path-pass,think-sinkthin-thing, sin-sing, ban-bang, right in-writinglace-race, collect-correct, light-rightneed-lead, night-light,nine-line编

20、辑ppt28D.单词拼写错误单词拼写错误容易混淆的词尾容易混淆的词尾visitor-visiterbuilder-buildordistributor-distributerresistance-resistenceindependence-independancelicense-lisence.编辑ppt29词性转换引起的错误词性转换引起的错误explainexhibitcomplexsympathy编辑ppt30拼写小结拼写小结 注意数字的书写，避免数字表达法引起的错误注意数字的书写，避免数字表达法引起的错误认真核查单词的拼写，句首单词首字母要大些。认真核查单词的拼写，句首单词首字母要大些

21、。注意单词中有不发音字母的拼写形式，并勤记录。如注意单词中有不发音字母的拼写形式，并勤记录。如exhibit, honor,knife,island,comb,tomb注意单词中辅音字母的单双写问题。注意单词中辅音字母的单双写问题。如如success,necessary,command,disappear,commonplace, attitude, communication编辑ppt31E.语法错误语法错误名词单复数The medicine men (man) were often successful for another reason, too.语法规则：名词前若有a,an,则该名词

22、必为单数名字前若是the，则该名词可能为单数也可能为复数 名字前若是few, a few, a good many, a great many, a number of等词或短语，则该名词一定为复数名词前若是little, a little, much, an amount of, a great deal of等词或短语，则该名词一定为不可数名词名词前若是some,any, a lot of, plenty of, a quantity of, masses of等词或短语，则该名词可能为单数也可能为复数名词后的谓语是is, was，则该名词一定为单数名词后的谓语是are,were，则该名词

23、一定为复数编辑ppt32因动词的时态，语态和单复数而引起的错误因动词的时态，语态和单复数而引起的错误The language which remains (remain) unchanged (unchange) is nothing but dead.(2000)In most states, a waiting period is required (require) before the license is issued.编辑ppt33冠词使用不当引起的错误冠词使用不当引起的错误单数可数名词前必须加冠词，听写完后，必须检查冠词的使用是否恰当。编辑ppt34F.由于背景知识缺乏而导致的错

24、误由于背景知识缺乏而导致的错误 正确：in Victorian times错误：in victory times正确：the nuclear family错误：the new clear family正确：United Nations Day错误：United Nations Day编辑ppt35G.标点符号标点符号The idea, for example, of being a painter or a musician may seem very attractive.(2008)The idea for example of being a painter or a musician

25、may seem very attractive.A three-day wait is the most common.(1997)A three day wait is the most common.For many people in the west, New Years Eve is the biggest party of the year.(2009)For many people in the west, New Years Eve is the the biggest party of the year.编辑ppt36阅读时多注意标点符号的应用。注意插入语前后都应该用逗号，

26、如it is said,it is believed, it is reported, for example, for instance, I believe, I think, however, then, such as 注意不要漏掉名词所有格中的一撇和合成词的连字符状语从句在前时，一定要用逗号与主句分开。编辑ppt37 EXERCISESListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will b

27、e read at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be read at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more. 编辑ppt38The